Anbirese: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(718 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Wordlist]]<br/>
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]]<br/>
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Names]]<br/>


{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
Line 8: Line 5:
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = ''kat Anbirif''
|nativename = Anbir² snalltjeongen¹
|pronunciation=  
|pronunciation=
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|setting=[[Verse:Hmøøh]]
|region = Talma
|region =  
|familycolor=quihum
|fam1=Anbiric
|fam1= [[Quihum languages|Quihum]]
|familycolor=tsn
|fam2= Talmic
|fam3= Tigolic
|script=Talmic alphabet
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}


'''{{SUBPAGENAME}}''' (''Anbirif'' /anbiriv/) is a major [[Talmic]] language descended from [[Tigol]], inspired by Korean (especially Sino-Korean), Swedish, Etruscan, and the Slavic languages. Compared to its relative [[Xjiaolan]], it has a relatively conservative verb system. On the planet of [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]] ({{SUBPAGENAME}}: ''i Smaouch'' /i smaukh/), it is an analogue of German in terms of influence. {{SUBPAGENAME}} is the official language of the Talman nation [[Verse:Tricin/Anbir|Anbir]] and of former colonies in Cualuav and Txapoalli; it is the largest Talmic language in terms of number of speakers, though most modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} speakers know [[Häskä]]. Like most modern Talmic languages, {{SUBPAGENAME}} is a descendant of [[Thensarian]]. Like with German, there is a Standard {{SUBPAGENAME}} and various regiolects.
Anglo-Swedo-Icelando-Sino-Korean jokelang; include a xenic layer from a Pama-Nyungan-like language Dårle


Thanks in large part to the printing press, Modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} rapidly gained prominence over a larger area in Northern Talma and came to serve as a lingua franca for northern mainland Talma. Today, {{SUBPAGENAME}} still enjoys status as a "cultured" language and is one of the most widely taught foreign languages.
þik1 ’to exist; (with subject) to have’
==External history==
{{SUBPAGENAME}} began as ''Tíogall'', which was a thought experiment posing the question "What would Irish look like with umlaut instead of palatalization?". For a while it developed as an Irish-German hybrid. At one point I decided to remove all "giblangs" from modern Tricin, or languages with the aesthetics of one natlang (unless the premise was funny, like [[Snachian]] or [[Clofabosin]]). Since Tíogall was basically an Irish with German characteristics, it was abandoned. I still felt that Talmic languages needed somewhat more internal diversity (in particular, a "German" analogue to Skellan's "English"), so I decided to revive this project as "Anvyrese" or "Anvirese". One thing that was still nagging me was that the grammar was still too German for a country with a Germany-like history, so I decided to swap a minority Tigolic language "Tumaka" with "Anvirese", and this is the result.


==Todo==
Use "Fljeongmjeongths" somewhere
<!--BLACKLIST: regVr, rigVr-->
*let's see how korean i can make anbirese
*Initial /sC/ clusters do not exist in Anbirese except in foreign names like ''Skeucis'' (they changed to initial tense stops). Speakers depending on accent may pronounce them as tense stops, pronounce them as clusters or epenthesize them.
*obey < TELIC + 'listen' (like in Þiús'k)
*Conjunctions that take pronominal suffixes, like Arabic ''ʔinna'' and ''ʔanna'' (or maybe Bhlaoighne)
*Numbers: cia, tzyth, nesch, doiph, solitzh, stav, roith, loith, barph, cheour, echi, crai
*Swadesh list
*Tigol > {{SUBPAGENAME}} sound changes
**How do syllabic resonants arise?
**e.g. imm- > syllabic nasal
**car > cr 'person'
**mh > fh
*''gysph'' = narrow
*Some dialects are more Sino-Koreanish (more broad slender)
**a e i o u > y jy ji u u
**ai ei oi ui > e ji e i
**á éa í(o) ó ú > a je ji o ou
**ái éi ói úi éu > ai ji oi oui jaou
**eá eó eói iú iúi > ja jo joi jou joui
**ae ao aoi > e aou oi
**ia ua uai > jia oua oui
**jV changes the ''t'' series to the ''tz'' series - leaves other consonants unchanged in standard {{SUBPAGENAME}}
<poem>
plus, {{SUBPAGENAME}} has "accusativus in infinitivo"!
le could be omitted before indefinite nouns in modern {{SUBPAGENAME}}
but Maith Sivy always used it
that's one way of distinguishing archaic from modern {{SUBPAGENAME}}
another could be the use of the pronoun 'fiar'
which in modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} was completely replaced with 'scid'
ca-ephyth = of that
ca-leth = that (acc.)
ca-dzeth = in that; there
ma-, ca-, ta-, m-compounds: this, that, what, which
in that house = ca-dzen souar
or "dze cin souar"
both are valid
the first being more archaic
</poem>
a verbalizer like ''-ować''


hjeonn1 'to bid/try', hjeoll2 'sea'


*Verb prefixes:
Am2 hjeonn1 snall1 Anbirjeong2 'I am tryign to speak Anbirese-ly'
**''ar-'': on, at > ''ar-''
**''(deut.) as-'': telic > ''ys-''
**''(prot.) de-, (deut.) do-'': in, at > ''dze-'', ''do-''
**''é-'': with, co- > ''e-''
**''fin-''/''sin-'' = well, thoroughly > ''fin-''
**''for-'': causative, through > ''for-''
**''(prot.) ful-, (deut.) fol-'': around, back > ''fl-''
**''imm-'': immediately > ''im-, m-, n-, ŋ-''
**''(prot.) gel-, (deut.) gol-'': up, out > ''gol-''
**''ro-'': down > ''ro-''
**''sol-'': a causative > ''sol-''
**''(prot.) su-, (deut.) so-'': towards > ''su-''
**''(prot.) sur-, (deut.) sor-'': back > ''sor-''
**''(prot.) u(cc)-, (deut.) oc-'': from > ''oc-''


==Phonology==
Hjeondae iltaren 'Hyundai cars'
===Consonants===
*kk g k ng /k g kʰ ŋ/
*tt d t n /t d tʰ n/
*ttj dj tj /tʃ dʒ tʃʰ/
*cc z c /ts dz tsʰ/
*pp b p m /p b pʰ m/
*ff f ss s h /f v~fʰ ss z~sʰ h/
*r l j /r ɴ̆ j/


At word-final position, the voicing distinction in unaspirated plosives is lost, and unaspirated plosives are unreleased.
Andaegol


===Vowels===
Mjeolnir 'big hammer' -- hammer that periodically destroys the world (Sino-Korean myeol 'to wipe out') in Anbirese mythology?
i eu u e/ae eo a o /i ɨ u e ə a o/


===Stress===
Mjeolbon 'Melbourne'
Stress is always initial.
===Prosody===


==Dialectology==
brjedjeong
===Dueum beopchik===
Reflecting the partially koineized origin of the language, Anbirese orthography is mostly based on dialects without ''dueum beopchik'' ('initial law', the Korean term for deletion of initial ''r'', and/or initial ''n'' before ''i'' or ''j''), a sound change due to [[Sfətsiv]] influence.


Dueum beopchik varies by dialect or accent: some just have ''r-'' = /n-/, some just have ''ni-'', ''nj-'' = /i-/, /j-/, and some have both (and initial ''r'' is deleted in ''rj-'' and ''ri-''). Some words have dueum beopchik even in dialects that do not normally have it, like ''i'' 'not' (from [[Tigol]] ''ní'').
sjeong - sky, skjeong - to clean


Dueum beopchik is usually ''not'' applied to loans from [[Häskä]], [[Windermere]] and other languages.
Daerjeong-eup: town located where our timeline's Dwellingup is


==Orthography==
Final stops have a distinction between nasally released vs. unreleased (-mm -nn -nng vs. -p -t -k)
Anbirese is written in the Talmic alphabet.


==Vocabulary==
stje /ɕé/ 'money'
Anbirese is about as purist as German, though it has a fair helping of [[Sfətsiv]] loanwords. Anbirese vocabulary often uses compounding to disambiguate words that were made similar by dueum beopchik. Like in other Talman languages, academic vocabulary has more [[Häskä]] and [[Windermere]] loans.
skjö /skjœ̂/ 'rope'


==Morphology==
'll need some Swedish/English-y forms like e.g. tjeolla (my), tjeolls (3sg's), tjeollen (sg. construct), tjeollar (thy), tjeollths (3pl's)
===Mutations===
Unlike [[Tigol]], Tumaka has no mutation; instead, former feminine nouns often begin in an aspirated consonant, as a result of lenition after the definite article. (cf. [[Þwmaca]], where former feminine nouns begin in different consonants than former masculine nouns.)


===Nouns===
Maybe tjeolli or tjeollu for pl construct
Nouns only have two states (absolute and construct) and two numbers (singular and plural).  The usual affixes are:
*plural absolute: ''-r''
*singular construct: ''-(y)th''
*plural construct: ''-(y)ph''


e.g. ''cythr'' 'flower', ''cythryr'' 'flowers'; ''chyvn'' 'woman', ''chyvnyr'' 'women'.
Possessive suffixes should be easy to get, fortunately


The definite article is always ''i'', or ''in'' before a V or after a preposition.
Though they might induce final changes like tjeoll becoming tjeol


Possessive suffixes: mar-na, mar-s, mar-ou, mar-i, mar-yth, mar-ym, mar-fe, mar-yc, mar-ur (or mar-thur)
stjanng /ɕâk̚ŋ̊/ 'color', sjeong-stjangen /ɧʌ̂ŋɕáŋèn/ 'sky blue'


Plural: mar-ph-yna, mar-ph-s, mar-ph-ou, mar-ph-i, ...
== Proto-Anbiric ==
Have vowel length


''i marna'' = my tree
-ŭs suffix (''-ur'' in [[Twetho]]; final fortition in Anbirese)


''i cythr suvn-yna'' = my beautiful flower
==Phonology==
 
===Initials===
===Adjectives===
Simple initials:
Adjectives do not inflect at all.
*'''k g''' /k{{h}} k/
 
*'''tj/þj dj nj''' /tɕ{{h}} tɕ ɲ/
Adverbs derived from adjectives are unchanged (as in German).
*'''t d þ n''' /t{{h}} t θ n/
 
*'''p b f v m''' /p{{h}} p f v~w m/
===Verbs===
*'''s sj stj h''' /s ɧ ɕ h/
{{SUBPAGENAME}} verbs have two tenses (nonpast and past) and two aspects (imperfective and perfective). The imperfective-perfective distinction is characterized by the absolute-conjunct allomorphy inherited from [[Tigol]]: As in Slavic languages, the perfective form is often formed by adding a prefix, which causes the verb stem to take the conjunct form. However, the perfective is sometimes marked with ablaut. Most {{SUBPAGENAME}} verbs thus have two principal parts: imperfective and perfective.
*'''r l j''' /ɾ l j/
 
An example of the aspect allomorphy:  
 
*'to tell': imperfective ''boŋi'', perfective ''simŋi''
*'to eat': imperfective ''dzecai'', perfective ''ŋci''
 
Past tense: usually ''-n'' (can be syllabic) (but sometimes ablaut?)
 
*'to tell': imperfective ''boŋin'', perfective ''smŋin''
*'to eat': imperfective ''dzecain'', perfective ''ŋcin''
 
===Copula===
{{SUBPAGENAME}} is zero copula in the present tense; ''fou'', ''si'', ''jy'' and ''thar'' can be used as present tense copulas.
 
The past tense copula is ''lathn'' and the infinitive is ''fath''.
 
===Pronouns===
na, scid, fou, si, jy, mech, tid, scid, thar = I, you, he, she, it, we (exc), we (inc), you, they
 
There is also an archaic 2nd person singular pronoun ''fiar'' 'thou'.
 
===Prepositions===
*le = accusative (le + i > len) (only used with definite nouns in modern {{SUBPAGENAME}})
**''le-na, (le-s,) l-ou, l-i, l-eth, l-em, lef, lec, lur''
*dze = in, at (dze + i > dzen)
**''dze-na, (dze-s,) dz-ou, dz-i, dz-eth, dze-m, dzef, dzec, dzur''
*e = to, for
**''ena, (ephys), ephou, ephi, epheth, ephym, efe, ephyc, ephur''
 
===Conjunctions===
 
==Syntax==
{{SUBPAGENAME}} is particularly rich in non-finite subordinate clause constructions, which may be used when English uses subordinate clauses with finite verbs.
===Negation===
The negation particle is ''da'' (preposed) for imperatives and ''tzin'' (preposed; from Tigol *ter ní- 'not once') otherwise.
 
===Questions===
Wh-words are fronted. Yes-no questions use a question particle ''sm'' (< Tigol ''is'' question particle + ''imb'' complementizer) before the sentence.
 
===Wishes/Jussive===
Wishes can be formed by using ''toumid'' (< Tigol ''tuabh mít'' 'who will grant') before a verb in the non-past tense.


===Word order===
[w] is an allophone of hard /v/ after consonants.
{{SUBPAGENAME}} word order is primarily SVO, but may be VSO in more archaic or literary usage.


===Accusative with infinitive===
/t d tʰ s n/ are dental(ized).
The accusative particle ''le'' can be used to introduce the subject of a dependent clause. The verb of the dependent clause is preceded by the particle ''e'' 'to'.


:'''''Na docn le mrothr e slav eph Intar.'''''
Initial clusters: '''(s)kj gj (s)pj bj fj (s)mj rj (s)lj snj hj (s)kr gr kl gl kn hn hnj hl hlj hr hrj fr fl br bl (s)tr dr krj grj klj glj frj flj brj blj (s)trj drj knj'''
:1SG think.IPFV ACC apple-PL INF good to I.
:''I think Intar likes apples.''


===Preposition + verb clauses===
===Nuclei===
A preposition may be used with a verb followed by a possessive suffix indexing the subject, as in Hebrew and Irish.
Anbirese has 7 vowel phonemes. ''ni ti thi ki di gi'' are read as ''nji tji thji kji dji gji''.


An example with ''dze'' 'at':
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
:'''''dze argiarna ar i loichou'''''
|-
:at keep_watch.IPFV-1SG on DEF stuff-3SG.M
! rowspan="2" |
:''when I was keeping watch on his belongings''
! colspan="2" |Front
! rowspan="2" |Central
! rowspan="2" |Back
|-
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /i/
| '''u''' /ü/
| '''eu''' [ɨ]
| '''o''' /o~u/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''ae, e''' /e̞/
| '''ö''' /ø~œ/
| '''eo''' [ə]
| '''eo''' /ʌ~ɔ/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
| '''a''' /ɐ/
|
|}
=== Finals ===
'''p d k s l r m n ng mm nn nng ll rr þ''' /p(unreleased) ð{{lowered}} k(unreleased) s l r m n ŋ pm(voiceless) tn(voiceless) kŋ(voiceless) ɬ r(voiceless) θ/ + some Germanicy clusters like -nd, -ld, -llt, ...


[[Category:Tricin]]
=== Tone ===
Like Swedish, Anbirese has two tones/pitch accents. In monosyllables, tone 2 is realized as glottalization; in polysyllabic words, the two tones are realized as Swedish tones 1 and 2.

Latest revision as of 15:37, 25 October 2024

Anbirese
Anbir² snalltjeongen¹
Created byIlL
SettingVerse:Hmøøh
Anbiric
  • Anbirese
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Anglo-Swedo-Icelando-Sino-Korean jokelang; include a xenic layer from a Pama-Nyungan-like language Dårle

þik1 ’to exist; (with subject) to have’

Use "Fljeongmjeongths" somewhere

hjeonn1 'to bid/try', hjeoll2 'sea'

Am2 hjeonn1 snall1 Anbirjeong2 'I am tryign to speak Anbirese-ly'

Hjeondae iltaren 'Hyundai cars'

Andaegol

Mjeolnir 'big hammer' -- hammer that periodically destroys the world (Sino-Korean myeol 'to wipe out') in Anbirese mythology?

Mjeolbon 'Melbourne'

brjedjeong

sjeong - sky, skjeong - to clean

Daerjeong-eup: town located where our timeline's Dwellingup is

Final stops have a distinction between nasally released vs. unreleased (-mm -nn -nng vs. -p -t -k)

stje /ɕé/ 'money' skjö /skjœ̂/ 'rope'

'll need some Swedish/English-y forms like e.g. tjeolla (my), tjeolls (3sg's), tjeollen (sg. construct), tjeollar (thy), tjeollths (3pl's)

Maybe tjeolli or tjeollu for pl construct

Possessive suffixes should be easy to get, fortunately

Though they might induce final changes like tjeoll becoming tjeol

stjanng /ɕâk̚ŋ̊/ 'color', sjeong-stjangen /ɧʌ̂ŋɕáŋèn/ 'sky blue'

Proto-Anbiric

Have vowel length

-ŭs suffix (-ur in Twetho; final fortition in Anbirese)

Phonology

Initials

Simple initials:

  • k g /kʰ k/
  • tj/þj dj nj /tɕʰ tɕ ɲ/
  • t d þ n /tʰ t θ n/
  • p b f v m /pʰ p f v~w m/
  • s sj stj h /s ɧ ɕ h/
  • r l j /ɾ l j/

[w] is an allophone of hard /v/ after consonants.

/t d tʰ s n/ are dental(ized).

Initial clusters: (s)kj gj (s)pj bj fj (s)mj rj (s)lj snj hj (s)kr gr kl gl kn hn hnj hl hlj hr hrj fr fl br bl (s)tr dr krj grj klj glj frj flj brj blj (s)trj drj knj

Nuclei

Anbirese has 7 vowel phonemes. ni ti thi ki di gi are read as nji tji thji kji dji gji.

Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
Close i /i/ u /ü/ eu [ɨ] o /o~u/
Mid ae, e /e̞/ ö /ø~œ/ eo [ə] eo /ʌ~ɔ/
Open a /ɐ/

Finals

p d k s l r m n ng mm nn nng ll rr þ /p(unreleased) ð̞ k(unreleased) s l r m n ŋ pm(voiceless) tn(voiceless) kŋ(voiceless) ɬ r(voiceless) θ/ + some Germanicy clusters like -nd, -ld, -llt, ...

Tone

Like Swedish, Anbirese has two tones/pitch accents. In monosyllables, tone 2 is realized as glottalization; in polysyllabic words, the two tones are realized as Swedish tones 1 and 2.

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Anbirese&oldid=389021"