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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name          = Lenyan
|name          = Lenyan
|nativename       = leñ yen toynoqŭğ<br/>leñoqŭr
|nativename   = leñ yen toynoqŭğ<br/>leñoqŭr
|pronunciation = {{IPA|[ˈleɲ jən ˈtɔjnɔqɯɣ]}}<br/>{{IPA|[ˈleɲɔqɯr]}}
|pronunciation = ˈleɲ jən ˈtɔjnɔqɯɣ]<br/>[ˈleɲɔqɯr
|region       = Leny-þef
|states       = Leñ-ṱef
|ethnicity    = Leny (''leñoqŭroʻr'')
|ethnicity    = Leñ (''leñoqŭroʻr'')
|speakers      = {{formatnum:12500000}}
|speakers      = {{formatnum:12500000}}
|date          = 6424
|date          = 6424
|setting      = [[Verse:Calémere|Calémere]]
|setting      = [[Verse:Calémere|Calémere]]
|familycolor  = #6495ED
|familycolor  = Uto-Aztecan
|fam1          = Kenengyry languages
|fam1          = Kenengyry languages
|fam2          = Southern Kenengyry
|fam2          = Southern Kenengyry
|creator      = [[User:Lili21|Lili21]]
|creator      = User:Lili21
|created      = Nov 2018
|created      = Nov 2018
|script        = Chlouvānem script for Lenyan
|scripts      = Chlouvānem script for Lenyan
|nation        = Leny-þef
|nation        = Leñ-ṱef
}}
}}
'''Lenyan''', natively ''leñ yen toynoqŭğ'' or simply ''leñoqŭr'', is a [[Verse:Calémere|Calémerian]] language spoken on Márusúturon, belonging to the [[Kenengyry languages|Kenengyry family]] (''kinanğoʻrŭn yen toynoqŭğoʻr''). It is the ethnic language of the Leny people (''leñ hol'' or ''leñoqŭroʻr'') and the only official language in their nation state, Leny-þef, situated on the coast of High and Little Ivulit (known in Leny as ''šağolqŭp yen doʻyor'' "the Gateway Sea" and ''qŭrŭmqey yen doʻyor'' "the Green Sea" respectively) just opposite Qualdomailor, roughly between 29º and 34ºN. It is one of the most divergent Kenengyry languages, the only one in the family not mutually intelligible with any other sister language. As such, it does not have features otherwise common in most languages of the family, such as phonemic vowel length, suffixed definite articles, or consonant gradation.
'''Lenyan''', natively ''leñ yen toynoqŭğ'' or simply ''leñoqŭr'', is a [[Verse:Calémere|Calémerian]] language spoken on Márusúturon, belonging to the [[Kenengyry languages|Kenengyry family]] (''kinanğoʻrŭn yen toynoqŭğoʻr''). It is the ethnic language of the Leñ people (''leñ hol'' or ''leñoqŭroʻr'') and the only official language in their nation state, Leñ-ṱef, situated on the coast of High and Little Ivulit (known in Lenyan as ''šağolqŭp yen doʻyor'' "the Gateway Sea" and ''qŭrŭmqey yen doʻyor'' "the Green Sea" respectively) just opposite Qualdomailor, roughly between 29º and 34ºN. It is one of the most divergent Kenengyry languages, the only one in the family not mutually intelligible with any other sister language. As such, it does not have features otherwise common in most languages of the family, such as phonemic vowel length, suffixed definite articles, or consonant gradation.


It is moderately known in the areas just outside the Leny borders (Ebed-dowa to the north, Džemleštew to the west, and the Chlouvānem Inquisition (dioceses of Līnajoṭa and Yultijaiṭa) to the south), but most Leny are proficient in the area's two main lingue franche, [[Soenjoan]] (in Leny ''soʻyŭnqa yen toynoqŭğ'') used among Kenengyry peoples and more broadly [[Chlouvānem]] (''cenavonŭm yen toynoqŭğ''), the latter of which contributed to a huge amount of terminology to Leny, which is therefore included among the main Imuniguro-Xenic languages. It is spoken by about 12.5 million people, roughly 82% of which in Leny-þef, with a further 12% in the Inquisition and the rest in other countries of the former Kaiṣamā, especially in the Kenengyry world.
It is moderately known in the areas just outside the Leñ borders (Ebed-dowa to the north, Džemleštew to the west, and the Chlouvānem Inquisition (dioceses of Līnajaiṭa and Yultijaiṭa) to the south), but most Leny are proficient in the area's two main lingue franche, [[Soenjoan]] (in Leny ''soʻyŭnqa yen toynoqŭğ'') used among Kenengyry peoples and more broadly [[Chlouvānem]] (''cenavonŭm yen toynoqŭğ''), the latter of which contributed to a huge amount of terminology to Lenyan, which is therefore included among the main Imuniguro-Xenic languages. It is spoken by about 12.5 million people, roughly 82% of which in Leñ-ṱef, with a further 12% in the Inquisition and the rest in other countries of the former Kaiṣamā, especially in the Kenengyry world.


==External History==
==External History==
Line 25: Line 25:
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Orthography===
As all languages of those areas of Vīṭadælteh which were part of the former Kaiṣamā, Lenyan's native script has been, for the last 60 years, an adapted version of the [[Chlouvānem#Writing_system_-_J.C4.ABmal.C4.81.E1.B9.87a|Chlouvānem abugida]], somewhat inspired by the already existant orthographies of other Kenengyry languages in the Chlouvānem script but for the most part natively decided by Leny linguists. Chlouvānem loanwords are, in the most formal registers, written etymologically, as they are in Chlouvānem, while in less informal styles they are written according to Leny pronunciation.
As all languages of those areas of Vīṭadælteh which were part of the former Kaiṣamā, Lenyan's native script has been, for the last 60 years, an adapted version of the [[Chlouvānem#Writing_system_-_J.C4.ABmal.C4.81.E1.B9.87a|Chlouvānem abugida]], somewhat inspired by the already existant orthographies of other Kenengyry languages in the Chlouvānem script but for the most part natively decided by Leñ linguists. Chlouvānem loanwords are, in the most formal registers, written etymologically, as they are in Chlouvānem, while in less informal styles they are written according to Lenyan pronunciation.
 
The native name of both the people (Leny) and the country (Leny-þef) used here is the most common used one in the Western Bloc of Calémere, being the transcription into Nordûlaki of both words. In the native orthography, they are written as ''leñ'' and ''leñ ṱef'' respectively (note that the Chlouvānem script is caseless).


===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Line 36: Line 34:
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Nasals
! colspan=2 | Nasals
| '''m''' m || '''n''' n || '''ñ''' ɲ || ||
| '''m''' {{IPA|m}} || '''n''' {{IPA|n}} || '''ñ''' {{IPA|ɲ}} || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosives !! <small>Voiceless</small>
! rowspan=2 | Plosives !! <small>Voiceless</small>
| '''p''' p || '''t''' t || || '''k''' k || '''q''' q
| '''p''' {{IPA|p}} || '''t''' {{IPA|t}} || || '''k''' {{IPA|k}} || '''q''' {{IPA|q}}
|-
|-
! <small>Voiced</small>
! <small>Voiced</small>
| '''b''' b || '''d''' d || || '''g''' g ||
| '''b''' {{IPA|b}} || '''d''' {{IPA|d}} || || '''g''' {{IPA|g}} ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Affricates !! <small>Voiceless</small>
! rowspan=2 | Affricates !! <small>Voiceless</small>
| || || '''c''' tʃ || ||
| || || '''c''' {{IPA|tʃ}} || ||
|-
|-
! <small>Voiced</small>
! <small>Voiced</small>
| || || '''j''' dʒ || ||
| || || '''j''' {{IPA|dʒ}} || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Fricatives !! <small>Voiceless</small>
! rowspan=2 | Fricatives !! <small>Voiceless</small>
| '''f''' f || '''s''' s<br/>'''š''' ʃ<br/>'''ṱ''' θ || || colspan=2 | '''h''' x~χ
| '''f''' {{IPA|f}} || '''s''' {{IPA|s}}<br/>'''š''' {{IPA|ʃ}}<br/>'''ṱ''' {{IPA|θ}} || || colspan=2 | '''h''' {{IPA|x~χ}}
|-
|-
! <small>Voiced</small>
! <small>Voiced</small>
| || '''z''' z || || colspan=2 | '''ğ''' ɣ~ʁ
| || '''z''' {{IPA|z}} || || colspan=2 | '''ğ''' {{IPA|ɣ~ʁ}}
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Laterals
! colspan=2 | Laterals
| || '''l''' l || || ||
| || '''l''' {{IPA|l}} || || ||
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Trill
! colspan=2 | Trill
| || '''r''' r || || ||
| || '''r''' {{IPA|r}} || || ||
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Approximants
! colspan=2 | Approximants
| || || '''y''' j || '''v''' w<sup>1</sup> ||
| || || '''y''' {{IPA|j}} || '''v''' {{IPA|w}}<sup>1</sup> ||
|}
|}
# In loanwords only.
# In loanwords only.
Line 75: Line 73:
|-
|-
! High
! High
| '''i ü''' i y || '''ŭ''' ɯ || '''u''' u
| '''i ü''' {{IPA|i y}} || '''ŭ''' {{IPA|ɯ}} || '''u''' {{IPA|u}}
|-
|-
! High-mid
! High-mid
| rowspan=2 | '''e ö''' e øː || rowspan=2 | || '''oʻ''' o
| rowspan=2 | '''e ö''' {{IPA|e øː}} || rowspan=2 | || '''oʻ''' {{IPA|o}}
|-
|-
! Low-mid
! Low-mid
| '''o''' ɔ
| '''o''' {{IPA|ɔ}}
|-
|-
! Low
! Low
| || '''a''' a ||
| || '''a''' {{IPA|a}} ||
|-
|-
! Diphthongs
! Diphthongs
| '''oy''' ɔʏ̯<br/>'''aj''' ai̯<br/>'''ej''' ei̯<sup>1</sup> || || '''av''' au̯<sup>1</sup>
| '''oy''' {{IPA|ɔʏ̯}}<br/>'''aj''' {{IPA|ai̯}}<br/>'''ej''' {{IPA|ei̯}}<sup>1</sup> || || '''av''' {{IPA|au̯}}<sup>1</sup>
|}
|}
# In Chlouvānem loanwords only.
# In Chlouvānem loanwords only.
Line 135: Line 133:
* ''ñæltah'' "sister" > ''ñanta'' "peer"
* ''ñæltah'' "sister" > ''ñanta'' "peer"
* ''talša'' "novel" > ''tanša''
* ''talša'' "novel" > ''tanša''
* ''yaivcārṇædani'' "communism" > ''yaivŭcornadani''
* ''yaivcārṇātra'' "communism" > ''yaivŭcornotŭra''
* ''murkadhānāvi'' "the Inquisition" > ''murkadonovi''
* ''murkadhānāvi'' "the Inquisition" > ''murkadonovi''
* ''prauda'' "newspaper" > ''pŭravda''
* ''prauda'' "newspaper" > ''pŭravda''

Latest revision as of 02:29, 19 November 2023

Lenyan
leñ yen toynoqŭğ
leñoqŭr
Pronunciation[ˈleɲ jən ˈtɔjnɔqɯɣ]
[ˈleɲɔqɯr]
Created byLili21
DateNov 2018
SettingCalémere
Native toLeñ-ṱef
EthnicityLeñ (leñoqŭroʻr)
Native speakers12,500,000 (6424)
Kenengyry languages
  • Southern Kenengyry
    • Lenyan
Chlouvānem script for Lenyan
Official status
Official language in
Leñ-ṱef

Lenyan, natively leñ yen toynoqŭğ or simply leñoqŭr, is a Calémerian language spoken on Márusúturon, belonging to the Kenengyry family (kinanğoʻrŭn yen toynoqŭğoʻr). It is the ethnic language of the Leñ people (leñ hol or leñoqŭroʻr) and the only official language in their nation state, Leñ-ṱef, situated on the coast of High and Little Ivulit (known in Lenyan as šağolqŭp yen doʻyor "the Gateway Sea" and qŭrŭmqey yen doʻyor "the Green Sea" respectively) just opposite Qualdomailor, roughly between 29º and 34ºN. It is one of the most divergent Kenengyry languages, the only one in the family not mutually intelligible with any other sister language. As such, it does not have features otherwise common in most languages of the family, such as phonemic vowel length, suffixed definite articles, or consonant gradation.

It is moderately known in the areas just outside the Leñ borders (Ebed-dowa to the north, Džemleštew to the west, and the Chlouvānem Inquisition (dioceses of Līnajaiṭa and Yultijaiṭa) to the south), but most Leny are proficient in the area's two main lingue franche, Soenjoan (in Leny soʻyŭnqa yen toynoqŭğ) used among Kenengyry peoples and more broadly Chlouvānem (cenavonŭm yen toynoqŭğ), the latter of which contributed to a huge amount of terminology to Lenyan, which is therefore included among the main Imuniguro-Xenic languages. It is spoken by about 12.5 million people, roughly 82% of which in Leñ-ṱef, with a further 12% in the Inquisition and the rest in other countries of the former Kaiṣamā, especially in the Kenengyry world.

External History

Lenyan is not one of the main languages of Calémere, though as one day I got an aesthetic inspiration from Uzbek and Chuvash, I decided to make something out of that and, as the Kenengyry languages are already aesthetically and historically close to Turkic (and Mongolic) languages, I decided to use that aesthetic for a divergent language in that family.

Phonology

Orthography

As all languages of those areas of Vīṭadælteh which were part of the former Kaiṣamā, Lenyan's native script has been, for the last 60 years, an adapted version of the Chlouvānem abugida, somewhat inspired by the already existant orthographies of other Kenengyry languages in the Chlouvānem script but for the most part natively decided by Leñ linguists. Chlouvānem loanwords are, in the most formal registers, written etymologically, as they are in Chlouvānem, while in less informal styles they are written according to Lenyan pronunciation.

Consonants

Lenyan has an average consonant inventory consisting of 23 phonemes, none of them particularly rare cross-linguistically:

→ PoA
↓ Manner		 Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular
Nasals m m n n ñ ɲ
Plosives Voiceless p p t t k k q q
Voiced b b d d g g
Affricates Voiceless c tʃ
Voiced j dʒ
Fricatives Voiceless f f s s
š ʃ
ṱ θ		 h x~χ
Voiced z z ğ ɣ~ʁ
Laterals l l
Trill r r
Approximants y j v w1
  1. In loanwords only.

Vowels

The vowel inventory of Lenyan consists of 9 monophthongs and four diphthongs, one of them only found in loanwords. All vocalic phonemes are oral.

Front Central Back
High i ü i y ŭ ɯ u u
High-mid e ö e øː oʻ o
Low-mid o ɔ
Low a a
Diphthongs oy ɔʏ̯
aj ai̯
ej ei̯1		 av au̯1
  1. In Chlouvānem loanwords only.

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphology

Nouns

Leny is much less inflected than most other Kenengyry languages. Leny nouns inflect for four cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, and dative, and two numbers, singular and plural. The nominative and accusative are identical except for vowel stems. Unlike most other Kenengyry languages, Leny has no consonant gradation.

Case (singular) form consonant stem
buğlon, -m "house"		 -a vowel stem
doyla "fish"		 Other vowel stem
mayri, -e "woman"
Nominative (lemma form) buğlon doyla mayri
Accusative -∅ (cons. stems)
-r (vowel stems)		 buğlon doylar mayrer
Genitive -eni (cons. stems)
-yni (vowel stems)		 buğlomeni doylayni mayrini
Dative -ːöf (cons. stems)
-zöf (vowel stems)		 buğlomnöf doylazöf mayrezöf

Plurals are formed by adding -öñ (cons. stems) or -jöñ (vowel stems) before the case ending, note that the plural genitive is -(j)öñŭni; e.g. buğlomöñ, buğlomön, buğlomöñŭni, buğlomöñöf, etc.

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Vocabulary

Due to its vicinity with the Qualdomelic sphere, Lenyan has a number of Qualdomelic loans absent from other Kenengyry languages. Some examples:

  • căjhdinar "favourite" > Leny. kŭyzinŭr
  • γurăj "candle" > ğurŭy
  • fẹctăs "window" > faktŭs
  • whazor "music" > fazoʻr
  • šlăwhelẹc "year" > šŭlfelak

Lenyan is also an Imuniguro-Xenic language, due to the high number of Chlouvānem loans in it, its use of Chlouvānem roots in order to coin new words, and its regular correspondences in sounds. Note that words given in this section are transcribed from Lenyan according to their pronunciation: in Lenyan, they are written as they are in Chlouvānem.

  • saṃrasta "war" > sonrasta
  • ñæltah "sister" > ñanta "peer"
  • talša "novel" > tanša
  • yaivcārṇātra "communism" > yaivŭcornotŭra
  • murkadhānāvi "the Inquisition" > murkadonovi
  • prauda "newspaper" > pŭravda
  • Yunyalīlta > Yuñaninta
  • Līlasuṃghāṇa > Qinasunğona
  • Kaiṣamā > Kayšamo
  • Kayāgaprika > Kayogapŭrika
  • jålkha "cold" > joʻnha- "cryo-"

Example texts

Other resources

Notes

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