|
|
| (49 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
|
| |
|
| [[{{PAGENAME}}/Lexicon|{{PAGENAME}}-English lexicon]]<br/>
| |
| [[{{PAGENAME}}/Swadesh list|Swadesh list]]<br/>
| |
|
| |
| {{Infobox language
| |
| |image =
| |
| |imagesize =
| |
| |creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
| |
| |setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
| |
| |name = {{PAGENAME}}
| |
| |nativename = ''θensārimae''
| |
| |pronunciation= /θensaːrimai/
| |
| |region = Talma
| |
| |extinct = 220 v.T.
| |
| |familycolor=PfK
| |
| |fam1= [[Proto-Quihum|Quihum]]
| |
| |fam2= [[Talmic languages|Talmic]]
| |
| |fam3= Thensaric
| |
| |iso3=qth
| |
| |notice=IPA
| |
| }}
| |
|
| |
| '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''gaθvae θensārimae'') is an ancient Talmic language and the ancestor of most living [[Talmic languages]], including [[Xjiaolan]], [[Anbirese]], [[Nurian]] and [[Qazhrian]]. It is inspired by Proto-Celtic, Latin and Welsh. Important texts in Thensarian include ancient Talmic prose myths and some early scientific texts.
| |
|
| |
| ==Todo==
| |
| *Make Proto-Talmic > Thensarian vowel changes mirror Pre-Celtic > Proto-Celtic changes
| |
| *Antraδēs = a place name
| |
| *''lugoboe'' 'land'
| |
| **OEevo ''luġaḃ''
| |
| ***Eevo ''luav''
| |
| **Nurian ''lugabui''
| |
| *What to do with PTal ou and ō?
| |
| *nocterae = chain (got it by interpreting Noether as Welsh)
| |
| *''Andaegōr'' = 'sun's perch'
| |
| *More u's - often gets umlauted in daughters
| |
| *Fossilized aspect distinctions for stative verbs vs active verbs
| |
| **hear vs. listen
| |
| **see vs. look
| |
| **seek vs. find - som for seek, ___ for find?
| |
|
| |
| ==Background==
| |
| :''See also: [[Talmic languages]].''
| |
|
| |
| ==Phonology==
| |
| ===Consonants===
| |
| {{PAGENAME}} used 17 consonants.
| |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:700px;text-align:center;"
| |
| ! colspan="2" |
| |
| ! |Labial
| |
| ! |Dental
| |
| ! |Alveolar
| |
| ! |Palatal
| |
| ! |Velar
| |
| ! |Radical
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| |
| | '''m''' /m/
| |
| |colspan="2"| '''n''' /n/
| |
| |
| |
| | [ŋ]
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |Plosive
| |
| ! |<small>voiceless</small>
| |
| |
| |
| | '''θ''' /t̪/
| |
| | '''t''' /t/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''c''' /k/
| |
| | [ʡ]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! |<small>voiced</small>
| |
| | '''b''' /b/
| |
| | '''δ''' /ð/
| |
| | '''d''' /d/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''g''' /g/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
| |
| ! |<small>voiceless</small>
| |
| | '''φ''' /φ~h/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''s''' /s/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''ħ''' /ħ/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! |<small>voiced</small>
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | [z]
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''ȝ''' /ʕ/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Trill
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''r''' /r/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Approximant
| |
| | '''v''' /ʋ/
| |
| | '''l''' /l/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''j''' /j/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| ;Notes
| |
| *Voiceless plosives /p t k/ are lightly aspirated in syllable onsets but are unaspirated after /s/. They're always unaspirated in certain areas.
| |
| *[ŋ] occurs as an allophone of /n/ before velars /k, g/.
| |
| */r/ is an alveolar trill [r] or tap [ɾ].
| |
| */l/ is dental [l̪].
| |
| *[z] occurs as an allophone of /s/ in /sb, sd, sg/.
| |
| */ʕ/ is either a radical plosive [ʡ] or a radical approximant [ʕ]. The first realization is more common word-initially.
| |
|
| |
| ===Vowels===
| |
| {{PAGENAME}} had the following monophthongs:
| |
|
| |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "|
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
| |
| |-
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Close
| |
| | '''i''' /i/
| |
| | '''ī''' /iː/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''u''' /u/
| |
| | '''ū''' /uː/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Mid
| |
| | '''e''' /ɛ/
| |
| | '''ē''' /eː/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''o''' /ɔ/
| |
| | '''ō''' /oː/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Open
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''a''' /a/
| |
| | '''ā''' /aː/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| The diphthongs are '''ae ao ei eo iu oe ui'''.
| |
|
| |
| ===Stress===
| |
| Stress is word-initial, ignoring some unstressed prefixes such as pronominal object prefixes.
| |
|
| |
| ===Phonotactics===
| |
| ====Some allowed clusters====
| |
| *R = resonant X = obstruent
| |
| *Clusters allowed word-initially are in '''bold'''.
| |
| =====Geminates=====
| |
| *''mm nn ll rr φφ tt cc ss θθ''
| |
|
| |
| =====RR=====
| |
| *'''''mn mr''' nl nv lm ln lv rl rm rn rv '''vl vr'''''
| |
|
| |
| =====RX=====
| |
| *''mφ ms nt nθ ns nc nħ''
| |
| *''mb nd nδ ng nȝ''
| |
| *''lφ lb lt ld ls lc lg lȝ lħ''
| |
| *''rφ rb rt rd rs rθ rδ rc rg rȝ rħ''
| |
|
| |
| =====XR=====
| |
| *'''''φn bn tn θn cn gn ȝn ħn'''''
| |
| *'''''sm sn sl sr sv'''''
| |
| *'''''φl bl tl dl cl gl ȝl ħl'''''
| |
| *'''''φr br tr dr θr δr cr gr ȝr ħr'''''
| |
|
| |
| =====XX=====
| |
| *'''''sφ st sc sȝ''' sb sd sg''
| |
| *''cs ct ħs ħt''
| |
|
| |
| =====XXR=====
| |
| *'''''sφl sφr str scl scr sȝl sȝr'''''
| |
|
| |
| ==Orthography==
| |
| Alphabetical order: '''R D I A Ħ Φ L M G C B S V O J Ȝ Δ T N Θ E U'''
| |
|
| |
| ==Morphology==
| |
| :''Main article: [[Thensarian/Morphology]]''
| |
|
| |
| ==Syntax==
| |
| Like many of its descendants, Thensarian is almost completely head-initial (except for compounds).
| |
| ===Constituent order===
| |
| ===Noun phrase===
| |
| ===Verb phrase===
| |
| ===Sentence phrase===
| |
| ===Dependent clauses===
| |
| ''Sequences of tenses'' are important in Thensarian grammar. The mood of a verb sometimes serves the same functions of subordinating conjunctions in English such as ''if''. Sometimes it is erroneously said that Thensarian has no word for ''if''; conjunctions meaning "if" exist (''φīs'', etc.) but they are not mandatory.
| |
|
| |
| ==Example texts==
| |
|
| |
| ==Other resources==
| |
| [[Category:Languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:A priori]][[Category:Talmic languages]][[Category:Quihum languages]][[Category:{{PAGENAME}}|*]][[Category:Tricin]]
| |