Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions

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A conlang, autonym lekma /ˈɥexmä/ is an experimental miniature of language, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, half of lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages, to make it, is to learn about languages.




contents: {{green|n}}ouns(intransitive), {{green|a}}djective nouns(monotransitive), {{green|d}}emonstrative nouns(have plural forms), {{green|v}}erbal nouns(transitive, ditransitive), {{green|c}}overbal nouns(particle). {{green|e}}nclitic nouns: (nominal), (adjectival), (plural), (motion in once), (habitual), (subjunctive), (processive), (perfective).
↳[[Eighth_edition_lekma/Smallset|Small set]]
 
__noeditsection__
{|nouns: + nouns(that are intransitives), +adjective nouns(monotransitives), +demonstrative nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +verb-derived particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +enclitics(they turn nouns to full nouns):demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, (demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plural), adjectival suffix: a,ä.har/ɦä/,/e/ s/s/, verbal suffix: hen/en/(motion in once), hel/ɦel/(habitual, nominaliser), had/ɦät/(subjunctive) dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/ŋen/.
|}
 
every words are morpheme. full nouns, affixed nouns or VO phrases are indicative moods.
e is null vowel, null consonant. it is /e/ after a consonant.
Writings: excepting q w p g j y. u is added as /ŋ/, a i u are also consonants in certain circumstances.
 
{| an object right after the verbal noun needs no suffix nor particle. an object before the verb needs a support of an objectival particle.|}
{|  every words are full nouns or morpheme nouns, full nouns are indicative forms.  (in this site uses resemble phonemic notations)|}
{|it seems there are làa/ɡäː/ so some are irregular VO are also full nouns.. if they are free from diacritics.|}
{| dalse càe látin, vàe áleman, bae látin, cae látin, kae eskanól, aüe elínica, meidallaoduilekma. e lao u vèi velar nasal.|}
{|borrowing words from other languages enter the group of adjective full noun, some enter full nouns.
|}
 
Syntactics
Type: SVO.
Basic structure:  ergative - verbal + objective - topic / subjective - morpheme + enclitic - topic.
{|  ergative noun • verbal noun objective noun • topic noun / verbal noun • noun adjectival suffix • topic noun, where a middle dot separates phrases. they can switch their places, phrases at firsts are focal phrases.|}
 
{| aside from the phonemic orthography, numerals are written -|}
{| .0123456789,10,11,12. is oinmfvksba.io/x,ii/e,in/z.|}
 
 
{|Morpheme inventory|}
{|* s- /sɨ/,allomorpheme;/s/,* n- /nɨ/,allomorpheme;/n/,* a- /ä/* ∅- /ʔ/* -a /ɦä/* -e /ɦe/* -s /s/* -as /ɦäs/* -es /ɦes/* -n /n/* -en /ɦen/* -ns /ns/* -ens /ɦens/* -l /l/* -t /t/* -d /t/* -ls /ls/* -ts /t͡s/* -ds /des/* -el /el/* -et /et/* -at /ät/* -ad /äde/* -els /els/* -ets /et͡s/* -ats /ät͡s/* -ads /ädes/* -nd /indɐ/* -nt /int/* -nds /indɐs/* -nts /intes/
|}
 
 
Phoneme inventory
{| |
! |<small>{{blue|Consonants}}</small>
! |<small>Bilabial</small>
! |<small>Labio-dental</small>
! |<small>Alveolar</small>
! |<small>Retroflex</small>
! |<small>Palatal</small>
! |<small>Velar</small>
! |<small>Uvular</small>
! |<small>Glottal</small>
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Nasal</small>
| {{blue|m}}a{{blue|m}}(m) ||  || {{blue|n}}a{{blue|n}}(n, ɲ) ||  ||  || {{blue|u}}â{{blue|u}}(ŋ) ||  ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Plosive</small>
| {{blue|b}}a{{blue|b}}(b-p) ||  || {{blue|d}}a{{blue|d}}(d-t) ||  ||  || {{blue|c}}a{{blue|c}}(k-ɡ) ||  || {{blue|a}}âe(ʔ)
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Affricate</small>
|  ||  || {{blue|z}}ae(d͡z-t͡s) || {{blue|t}}â{{blue|t}}(ʈ͡ʂ) ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Fricative</small>
|  || {{blue|f}}â{{blue|f}}(f) || {{blue|s}}a{{blue|s}}(s-ɕ) || {{blue|x}}a{{blue|x}}(ʂ-ç) ||  || {{blue|k}}a{{blue|k}}(x, k) ||  || {{blue|h}}a{{blue|h}}(ɦ, null)
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Trill</small>
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || {{blue|r}}ae(ʀ-r) || aa{{blue|r}}(ɐ̯, null)
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Approximant</small>
|  || {{blue|v}}àe(ʋ) ||  ||  || {{blue|i}}áe(ʝ) ||  ||  ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Lateral approximant</small>
|  || {{blue|a}}àe,aa{{blue|è}}(u̯) || {{blue|l}}a{{blue|l}},{{blue|u}}àe(ɥ-ʎ, l) ||  || {{blue|a}}áe,aa{{blue|é}}(i̯) ||  ||  ||
|}
 
 
{| |
! colspan="1" |<small>{{blue|Vowels}}</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>Front</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>Central</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>Back</small>
|-
!
! <small>unrounded</small>
! <small>rounded</small>
! <small>unrounded</small>
! <small>rounded</small>
! <small>unrounded</small>
! <small>rounded</small>
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Close</small>
| a{{blue|i}}e(i) || a{{blue|ü}}e(y) || a{{blue|ei}},a{{blue|í}}e(ɐi̯) || a{{blue|ù}}e(u̯o) || a{{blue|ui(}}ɯɨ) || a{{blue|u}}e(u)
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Mid-open</small>
| a{{blue|e}}e,e{{blue|ä}}e(e) || a{{blue|ö}}e(ø) ||  || a{{blue|eu}},a{{blue|ò}}e(ɐu̯) ||  || a{{blue|o}}e(o)
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Open</small>
|  ||  || a{{blue|a}}e(ä) ||  || a{{blue|ao}},a{{blue|ô}}e(ʌ) ||
|}
 
 
phonotactics
CV(V)C
tone slightly rises at beginning of a phrase.
{|  gemination lengthens nearby phoneme. i(ǀ) start citing, (end cite), before a loanword, ǃ(ǂ) exclamation|}
 
 
{|allophones; t ʔ ɦ l;ʎ;ɾ sr ɲ ŋ  allophones;â á:ae;ai;oa e é:ei;é;ea i î í o ö:eu;oi ó:ou u ü ú;;ue;ua;uo  | ɲ ŋ −vowel length lk −vowel length sk|}
 
 
{|! colspan="1" |{{blue|noun root}}! colspan="1" |the agent of a transitive verb!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the subject/locative of an intransitive verb}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the direct/indirect object of a verb}}!  style="width:90px;"{{green|possessive form}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|plural form}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|plural possessive form}}!  style="width: 90px; "||-! style="text-align: center; "|uac/ʋɐk/| sac/sɐk/| nac/nɐk/| uac/ʋɐk/[ʔɐk]|uacs/ʔäks/|sacen/säːgen/,nacen/näːgen/,uacen/ʔäːgen/| uacens/ʔäːgens/| I! style="text-align: center; "|uue/ʋyː/| sue/syː/| nue/nyː/| uue/ʋyː/[ʔyː]| uues/ʋyːs/[ʔyːs]| suen/syːen/,nuen/nyːen/,ʋuen/ʔyːen/| uuens/ʔyːens/| You! style="text-align: center; "|hia/ɦiä/| sia/siä/| nia/niä/| hia/ɦiä/| hias/ɦiäs/| sian/siän/,nian/niän/,hian/ɦiän/| hians/ɦiäns/| They (singular)! colspan="1" |{{blue|verb root}}indicative form}}subjunctive form}}connective form}}{{blue|noun-like form}}{{blue|gloss}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|present/habitual}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is futural}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|-ing, /if}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is incomplete}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is completed}}! style="text-align: center; "|sel/sel/| ser/sel/| seat/seɦät/| sad/säːt/| selnd/selindɐ/| selnt/selint/| be! style="text-align: center; "|bal/bäl/| bar/bäl/| baat/päɦät/| bad/päːt/| balnd/pälindɐ| balnt/pälint/| have! |tel/tel/| ter/tel/| teat/teɦät/| tad/täːt/| telnd/telindɐ/| telnt/telint/| hang,raise
|}
 
 
Made text
of it is what.
närca sêdna.
nac-har sêd-nan
i.be swed-ish
 
 
of this is what.
famsendoclea.
fam sen-doc-leh-har
fruits this-place-of-be
 
 
naciorneuse a lekma neidoc.
romlang.be ? lekma  be.not.it
is lekma a romlang? no, it's not.
 
 
of who does what.
hainimdaies doc
hai nim daines doc
they eat some-of this
 
{|* I: ʋɐk /uac* you (singular): ʋyː /uue* he: ɦäŋ /han* we:  /uacen* you (plural): ʋyːen /uuen* they: ɦiä /hia* this : tog,ɦiä /toc,hia* that: àe,kosa /hae,cos* here: tocma /tcm* there: kkaema /aem* who: hhia,lhia /lia* what: kva /kva* where: kvime /kvm* when: kvatzuí /kvn* how: kvamuí /kvi* not: né /nei* all: àen /aen* many: àens /aens* some: de àen /duiaen* few: làes /leas* other: né daes /neidae* one: éna,ená,ésa,esá /ina,isa* two: tzue /dva* three: mal /mal* four: cut /cut* five: unal /hal* big: lhens* long: naelhens* wide: daesbala* thick: bala* heavy: né fie /neifias* small: nal* short: kul* narrow: tis /tsm* thin: kadtis* woman: lhúa /lua* man (adult male): lhúa /lua* man (human being): hhan/lhúo /luo* child: tisluo* mother: mâma /mam* father: dâda /dad* animal: tissor d tis* fish: fisker* bird: tofie  /tfl* snake: lam* worm: hhom /orm* tree /bim* forest: bsk* stick: baunel /uncertain* fruit: fam /flm* seed: fam /sem* leaf: hhüo /lif* root: lád /lad* flower: uncertain /lili* grass: ladlil* rope: sinn /uncertain* skin: bäl /* meat: salk /slk* blood: salk* bone: lám * fat (noun): bét /fat* egg: ais* horn: kol /krn* tail: lámen /lam* feather: fie /fli* hair: tetr /khr* head: uncertain /cab* ear: olhen /orh* eye: ain /oin* nose: nis* mouth: uncertain /lif* tooth: tzann /fnc* tongue (organ): tzann /zau* fingernail: tzann /fau* foot: uncertain /bam* leg: uncertain /bam* knee: baim* hand: tec /tek* wing: fiem /fli* belly: mac* guts: mac * neck: nec* back: tzüc /ruc* breast: bec /fec* heart: kel /kor* liver: kel* to drink: sifel /drk* to eat: nem /nhm* to bite: tzaunel /tnf* to suck: sifel * to spit: nemel* to vomit: tue dae nems* to blow: bolel * to breathe: nesel /* to laugh: hrak /rch* to see: vis /ver* to hear: sanhel /oir* to know: caän* to think: canel /dik* to smell: nesel /uncertain* to fear: bai* to sleep: bei /slf* to live: súmel* to die: né súmel /meisumel* to kill: sral * to fight: sral /uncertain* to hunt: sral* to hit: láb /lfn* to cut: kul* to split: tuinde kut,tua tzues /dval* to stab: binn * to scratch: skilel* to dig: binn /nem* to swim: uncertain /sìm* to fly: uncertain /fei* to walk: salkel* to come: hhim /clm* to lie (as in a bed): lob* to sit: sidel /set* to stand: hrec /tnd* to turn (intransitive): silkel* to fall: feiel /fei* to give: duo* to hold: hrantel* to squeeze: tzecal* to rub: vask * to wash: vasker* to wipe: vaskel /vsk* to pull: tec* to push: tec,ffon* to throw: tue toc náe* to tie: ticel /bnd* to sew: ffinticel* to count: teltzif* to say: seu* to sing: séunel /seu* to play: bil /sfl* to float: lom /flt* to flow: ae /flt* to freeze: íelel /iel* to swell: rcol /uncertain* sun: hrá /uncertain* moon: daehrá /mun* star: lucz /trl* water: súm /sumi* rain: lein /rcn* river: léne /len* lake: léne /len* sea: léneen /len* salt: saltee* stone: shè /stn* sand: sahr /snd* dust: hroma* earth: thi /nulmaf* cloud: küt /sku* fog: küt /foc* sky: séo /sulmaf* wind: fendas /vnd* snow: nívas /snu* ice: íelen /ais* smoke: féu /feo* fire: féu /feo* ash: daeféu* to burn: tocféu tue /feol* road: vei /vec* mountain: uncertain /mon* red: hrot /rod* :  /crn* yellow: col /clb* white: hrát /vit* black: dal /blc* night: dal /nkt* day: dis /dac* year: iálen /zuames* warm: nôk /vrm* cold: íels /chl* full: buk /ful* new: bil* old: né bil* good: hhim /bim* bad: né hhim* rotten: tocel nae* dirty: mud* straight: bim* round: kadbal* sharp (as a knife): dis * dull (as a knife): dos* smooth: dilel* wet: suːmmɯi /summui* dry: sekal /sek* correct: bim* near: tocmas* far: naema* right: hris /lkt* left: chol /lnk* at: ʈ͡ʂɯi /zuiin: lea /ins* because: fɯi /fui* name: námel /nam |}
{|Lexics|}
{| mam*mom mim mum mon miu mou mac miz muk mil mul mai*value mui*means nac*i nacmie*europant naciór*romlang nal nui*snake nuf nab nul*down nim*eat niska nat uil*arm uih*then bim bab beb bid*house bosker*forest bah*brace diu dol*fish dad*dad dek dui*do what dál*draw cac cuf cal cilke aam*aim aas aal e d aee*accompanying with o d aoe*compared with, if den*keep deh*hang zil zul zah*nail zeica d zêc*sore tam tau*fang tal*string tin tax tic sel*be by súmmi*water sul süe*you seh*be sud saf xan xul*up xai*why xei*what xui*how,when fam*fruits fun foù*fire kalmê kum kat*hands kalkee ham han*he neuter hai*they singular vad*what,who vie*why,how vaskae von*when,where rac*cross ril*lough len*wind lan*group lis*smile lal*pilor lul*food léu*green iel*slope ser*being.|}
 
 
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Latest revision as of 14:21, 2 June 2024


↳Small set

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