Template:Minhast Prepronominal Affixes Template: Difference between revisions
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! Reflexive | ! Reflexive | ||
| -šar- | | -šar- <br/> -saššar- | ||
| | | ''-saššar-'' is restricted to 3MS.PRF.REMOTE.PST (from: ''-šar-∅-šerr-'') | ||
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! Reflexive-Dative | <!-- ! Reflexive-Dative | ||
| -sab- | | -sab- | ||
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! Reflexive-Benefactive | ! Reflexive-Benefactive | ||
| -sakšar- | | -sakšar- | ||
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<!-- | |||
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! Reciprocal-Dative | ! Reciprocal-Dative | ||
| -saššab- <br/> -sašp- | | -saššab- <br/> -sašp- | ||
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! Reciprocal-Benefactive | ! Reciprocal-Benefactive | ||
| -sakšatt- | | -sakšatt- | ||
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! Pretensive-Associative | ! Pretensive-Associative | ||
| -tušt- <br/> -tuštim- | | -tušt- <br/> -tuštim- | ||
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! Distributive | ! Distributive | ||
| -tar- | | -tar- | ||
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or temporally across different segments of time (e.g. "each day"). The Distributive does not refer to the Ergative <br/> | or temporally across different segments of time (e.g. "each day"). The Distributive does not refer to the Ergative <br/> | ||
argument of transitive clauses or the Subject of intransitive clauses; for these cases, the appropriate Quantifier | argument of transitive clauses or the Subject of intransitive clauses; for these cases, the appropriate Quantifier | ||
<br/>adjective/noun is used. | <br/>adjective/noun is used. | ||
<br/> | |||
The Distributive has sometimes been analyzed as indicating pluractionality, but this interpretation presents problematic theoretical issues. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Partitive | ! Partitive | ||
Latest revision as of 16:08, 25 March 2023
Prepronominal Affixes
| Class | Affix | Additional Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Reflexive | -šar- -saššar- |
-saššar- is restricted to 3MS.PRF.REMOTE.PST (from: -šar-∅-šerr-) |
| Reflexive-Benefactive | -sakšar- | |
| Reciprocal | -šattar- -šatta- -šatt- |
|
| Reciprocal-Benefactive | -sakšatt- | |
| Reciprocal-Adversarial | -dus(s)art -dust- |
|
| Associative | -mmak- | |
| Associative-Benefactive | -sammak- | |
| Distributive | -tar- | The Distributive refers to an action or state across each Patient, and is usually translated as "each". The Distributive may also in some verbs indicate that the verbal event is spread out spatially across a surface, The Distributive has sometimes been analyzed as indicating pluractionality, but this interpretation presents problematic theoretical issues. |
| Partitive | -nesr- -ness- |
Conveys that only a portion of the argument(s) is involved in the verbal event or state, sometimes translated as "some". The Partitive does not refer to the Ergative argument of transitive clauses; for that, the appropriate Quantifier adjective/noun is used. |
The Reflexives, Reciprocals, and Associatives for the most part require plural agent marking and the Intransitive marker -an, but under certain circumstances, the verb may take a transitive structure with both agent and patient marking. For example, the Reciprocal Adversarial is required if the Reactive affix co-occurs to mean "do something back at someone". Transitivity raising via Applicatives may also trigger agent plus patient marking, with the possibility of either or both arguments being singular, as in the following example:
- Iyyamtarkarišpintasaxtinuskihuslapallustakšarekarundurkilwāš!
/ij:amtarkariʃpintasaxtinuskihuslapal:ustakʃarekarundurkil'wa:ʃ/
iyyat-mar-kar-išp-inta-saxt-nusk-huslap-allut-sakšar-ek-ar-un-dūr-kilwāš
NEC-ABIL-PREP-CAUSE-INTENS-INCHO-MAL.APPL-be.sharp-weapon-REFL.BEN-3S.ABS+1S.ERG-PST-TRANS-RSLT-MIRATIVE
Therefore it is necessary for me to ready myself thoroughly against him and make these weapons sharp, I say!