Verse:Tdūrzů/Hebrew: Difference between revisions

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'''Modern Hebrew''' ({{heb|עברית חדשה}}, ''ivris chadosho''), also known as '''Israeli Hebrew''' ({{heb|עברית ישראלית}} ''ivris yisre'eilis'')...
== Comparison text (D'ror yiqrå) ==
<poem>
דְּרוֹר יִקְרָא לְבֵן עִם בַּת
וְיִנְצָרְכֶם כְּמוֹ בָבַת
נְעִים שִׁמְכֶם וְלֹא יֻשְׁבַּת
שְׁבוּ נוּחוּ בְּיוֹם שַׁבָּת


==Phonology==
דְּרוֹשׁ נָוִי וְאוּלָמִי
===Consonants===
וְאוֹת יֶשַׁע עֲשֵׂה עִמִּי
The Hebrew word for consonants is ''‘itzurį́'' ({{lang|he|עיצורים}}). The following table lists the Hebrew consonants and their pronunciation in [[IPA]] transcription:
נְטַע שׂוֹרֵק בְּתוֹךְ כַּרְמִי
שְׁעֵה שַׁוְעַת בְּנֵי עַמִּי


{| class="wikitable"
דְּרוֹךְ פּוּרָה בְּתוֹךְ בָּצְרָה
|+Consonants
וְגַם בָּבֶל אֲשֶׁר גָּבְרָה
|-
נְתוֹץ צָרַי בְּאַף עֶבְרָה
!
שְׁמַע קוֹלִי בְּיוֹם אֶקְרָא
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br />alveolar]]
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
!colspan=2|[[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-align=center
![[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
| {{IPA|m}}
| {{IPA|n}}
|
|
|
|colspan=2|
|
|-align=center
![[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]
|{{IPA|p}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|b}}
|{{IPA|t}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|d}}
|
|
|{{IPA|k}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|ɡ}}
| colspan=2|
| {{IPA|ʔ}}
|-align=center
![[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
| {{IPA|ts}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| {{IPA|tʃ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|dʒ}}
|
|
|colspan=2|
|
|-align=center
![[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| {{IPA|f}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|v}}
| {{IPA|s}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|z}}
| {{IPA|ʃ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|ʒ}}
|
|
| {{IPA|χ}} || rowspan=2|{{IPA|ʁ}}
| {{IPA|h}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|-align=center
![[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|{{IPA|l}}
|
|{{IPA|j}}
|{{IPA|w}}
|
|
|}


===Vowels===
אֱלֹקים תֵּן בַּמִּדְבָּר הַר
Israeli Hebrew has 6 oral vowels and just as many nasal vowels. Vowels tend to reduce in unstressed syllables.
הֲדַס שִׁטָּה בְּרוֹשׁ תִּדְהָר
וְלַמַּזְהִיר וְלַנִּזְהָר
שְׁלוֹמִים תֵּן כְּמֵי נָהָר


{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
הֲדוֹךְ קָמַי חַי אֵל קַנָּא
![[Phoneme]]
בְּמוֹג לֵבָב וּבִמְגִנָּה
! colspan=3|Example
וְנַרְחִיב פֶּה וּנְמַלֶּאנָּה
|-
לְשׁוֹנֵנוּ לְךָ רִנָּה
|{{IPA|/a/}}
 
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔäˈdø̃]}}</span>
דְּעֵה חָכְמָה לְנַפְשֶׁךָ
| {{heb|אדון}}
וְהִיא כֶתֶר לְרֹאשֶׁךָ
|'lord, sir'
נְצוֹר מִצְוַת קְדֹשֶׁךָ
|-
שְׁמוֹר שַׁבָּת קָדְשֶׁךָ
|{{IPA|/ã/}}
</poem>
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔãˈtsi]}}</span>
 
| {{heb|אמציא}}
== East Asian readings ==
|'I will invent'
Qamatz gadol usually stays distinct from pataḥ; liberal use of epenthesis (shva naḥ -> shva na3) to avoid finals merging into final unreleased stops
|-
=== Mandarin Hebrew ===
|{{IPA|/e/}}
=== Korean Hebrew ===
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ˈʔevẽ]}}</span>
Vowels: /i e ɛ a QG QQ o u (shva) ă ĕ ŏ/ = [i e{{lowered}} e{{lowered}} a ʌ ʌ o u ɯ a e{{lowered}} o/
| {{heb|אבן}}
 
|'stone'
Consonants: /ʔ b v g ɣ d ð h w z ħ tˤ j k x l m n s ʕ p f sˤ q r ʃ t θ/ = /ʔ ㅂ ㅂ ㄱ ㄱ ㄷ ㄷ h w~(u after V) ㅈ h ㄸ j~(i after V) ㅋ ㅋ ㄹ m n ㅆ ʔ ㅍ ㅍ ㅉ ㄲ ㄹ ㅅ ㅌ ㅌ/
|-
 
|{{IPA|/ẽ/}}
Only /m n l r/ are geminated by dagesh forte
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔẽ]}}</span>
 
| {{heb|אין}}
=== Japanese Hebrew ===
|'there is no'
Vowels: /i e ɛ a QG QQ o u (shva) ă ĕ ŏ/ = [iː e̞ː e̞ː aː aː o{{lowered}}ː o{{lowered}}ː ɯː ɯ a e̞ o{{lowered}}]
|-
 
|{{IPA|/i/}}
Consonants: /ʔ b v g ɣ d ð h w z ħ tˤ j k x l m n s ʕ p f sˤ q r ʃ t θ/ = /ʔ~0 b b g g d d h w~(ɯ after V) z h t j~(i after V) k k r m n s ʔ~0 p~ɸ p~ɸ s k r {{ś}} t t/
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔiʃ]}}</span>
| {{heb|איש}}
|'man'
|-
|{{IPA|/ɪ̃/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔɪ̃]}}</span>
| {{heb|אם}}
|'if'
|-
|{{IPA|/o/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔov]}}</span>
| {{heb|אב}}
|'father'
|-
|{{IPA|/ɔ̃/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔɔ̃]}}</span>
| {{heb|עם}}
|'people, nation'
|-
|{{IPA|/ø/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔøʁ]}}</span>
| {{heb|אור}}
|'light'
|-
|{{IPA|/ø̃/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔosø̃]}}</span>
| {{heb|אתון}}
|'she-donkey'
|-
|{{IPA|/u/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔäduˈmo]}}</span>
| {{heb|אדומה}}
|'red' (f. sg.)
|-
|{{IPA|/ʊ̃/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔʊ̃ˈnɔ̃]}}</span>
| {{heb|אומנם}}
|'indeed'
|}