|
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| '''Modern Hebrew''' ({{heb|עברית חדשה}}, ''ivris chadosho''), also known as '''Israeli Hebrew''' ({{heb|עברית ישראלית}} ''ivris yisre'eilis'')...
| | == Comparison text (D'ror yiqrå) == |
| | <poem> |
| | דְּרוֹר יִקְרָא לְבֵן עִם בַּת |
| | וְיִנְצָרְכֶם כְּמוֹ בָבַת |
| | נְעִים שִׁמְכֶם וְלֹא יֻשְׁבַּת |
| | שְׁבוּ נוּחוּ בְּיוֹם שַׁבָּת |
|
| |
|
| ==Phonology==
| | דְּרוֹשׁ נָוִי וְאוּלָמִי |
| ===Consonants===
| | וְאוֹת יֶשַׁע עֲשֵׂה עִמִּי |
| The Hebrew word for consonants is ''‘itzurį́'' ({{lang|he|עיצורים}}). The following table lists the Hebrew consonants and their pronunciation in [[IPA]] transcription:
| | נְטַע שׂוֹרֵק בְּתוֹךְ כַּרְמִי |
| | שְׁעֵה שַׁוְעַת בְּנֵי עַמִּי |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | דְּרוֹךְ פּוּרָה בְּתוֹךְ בָּצְרָה |
| |+Consonants
| | וְגַם בָּבֶל אֲשֶׁר גָּבְרָה |
| |-
| | נְתוֹץ צָרַי בְּאַף עֶבְרָה |
| !
| | שְׁמַע קוֹלִי בְּיוֹם אֶקְרָא |
| ![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
| |
| ![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
| |
| ![[Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br />alveolar]]
| |
| ![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
| |
| ![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
| |
| !colspan=2|[[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
| |
| ![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
| |
| |-align=center
| |
| ![[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
| |
| | {{IPA|m}}
| |
| | {{IPA|n}}
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |colspan=2|
| |
| |
| |
| |-align=center
| |
| ![[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]
| |
| |{{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
| |
| |{{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |{{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
| |
| | colspan=2|
| |
| | {{IPA|ʔ}}
| |
| |-align=center
| |
| ![[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
| |
| |
| |
| | {{IPA|ts}}
| |
| | {{IPA|tʃ}} {{IPA|dʒ}}
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |colspan=2|
| |
| |
| |
| |-align=center
| |
| ![[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| |
| | {{IPA|f}} {{IPA|v}}
| |
| | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| |
| | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | {{IPA|χ}} || rowspan=2|{{IPA|ʁ}}
| |
| | {{IPA|h}}
| |
| |-align=center
| |
| ![[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| |
| |
| |
| |{{IPA|l}}
| |
| |
| |
| |{{IPA|j}}
| |
| |{{IPA|w}}
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| ===Vowels===
| | אֱלֹקים תֵּן בַּמִּדְבָּר הַר |
| Israeli Hebrew has 6 oral vowels and just as many nasal vowels. Vowels tend to reduce in unstressed syllables.
| | הֲדַס שִׁטָּה בְּרוֹשׁ תִּדְהָר |
| | וְלַמַּזְהִיר וְלַנִּזְהָר |
| | שְׁלוֹמִים תֵּן כְּמֵי נָהָר |
|
| |
|
| {|class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
| | הֲדוֹךְ קָמַי חַי אֵל קַנָּא |
| ![[Phoneme]]
| | בְּמוֹג לֵבָב וּבִמְגִנָּה |
| ! colspan=3|Example
| | וְנַרְחִיב פֶּה וּנְמַלֶּאנָּה |
| |-
| | לְשׁוֹנֵנוּ לְךָ רִנָּה |
| |{{IPA|/a/}}
| | |
| | <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔäˈdø̃]}}</span>
| | דְּעֵה חָכְמָה לְנַפְשֶׁךָ |
| | {{heb|אדון}}
| | וְהִיא כֶתֶר לְרֹאשֶׁךָ |
| |'lord, sir'
| | נְצוֹר מִצְוַת קְדֹשֶׁךָ |
| |-
| | שְׁמוֹר שַׁבָּת קָדְשֶׁךָ |
| |{{IPA|/ã/}}
| | </poem> |
| | <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔãˈtsi]}}</span>
| | |
| | {{heb|אמציא}}
| | == East Asian readings == |
| |'I will invent'
| | Qamatz gadol usually stays distinct from pataḥ; liberal use of epenthesis (shva naḥ -> shva na3) to avoid finals merging into final unreleased stops |
| |-
| | === Mandarin Hebrew === |
| |{{IPA|/e/}}
| | === Korean Hebrew === |
| | <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ˈʔevẽ]}}</span>
| | Vowels: /i e ɛ a QG QQ o u (shva) ă ĕ ŏ/ = [i e{{lowered}} e{{lowered}} a ʌ ʌ o u ɯ a e{{lowered}} o/ |
| | {{heb|אבן}}
| | |
| |'stone'
| | Consonants: /ʔ b v g ɣ d ð h w z ħ tˤ j k x l m n s ʕ p f sˤ q r ʃ t θ/ = /ʔ ㅂ ㅂ ㄱ ㄱ ㄷ ㄷ h w~(u after V) ㅈ h ㄸ j~(i after V) ㅋ ㅋ ㄹ m n ㅆ ʔ ㅍ ㅍ ㅉ ㄲ ㄹ ㅅ ㅌ ㅌ/ |
| |-
| | |
| |{{IPA|/ẽ/}}
| | Only /m n l r/ are geminated by dagesh forte |
| | <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔẽ]}}</span>
| | |
| | {{heb|אין}}
| | === Japanese Hebrew === |
| |'there is no'
| | Vowels: /i e ɛ a QG QQ o u (shva) ă ĕ ŏ/ = [iː e̞ː e̞ː aː aː o{{lowered}}ː o{{lowered}}ː ɯː ɯ a e̞ o{{lowered}}] |
| |-
| | |
| |{{IPA|/i/}}
| | Consonants: /ʔ b v g ɣ d ð h w z ħ tˤ j k x l m n s ʕ p f sˤ q r ʃ t θ/ = /ʔ~0 b b g g d d h w~(ɯ after V) z h t j~(i after V) k k r m n s ʔ~0 p~ɸ p~ɸ s k r {{ś}} t t/ |
| | <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔiʃ]}}</span>
| |
| | {{heb|איש}}
| |
| |'man'
| |
| |-
| |
| |{{IPA|/ɪ̃/}}
| |
| | <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔɪ̃]}}</span>
| |
| | {{heb|אם}}
| |
| |'if'
| |
| |-
| |
| |{{IPA|/o/}}
| |
| | <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔov]}}</span>
| |
| | {{heb|אב}}
| |
| |'father'
| |
| |-
| |
| |{{IPA|/ɔ̃/}}
| |
| | <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔɔ̃]}}</span>
| |
| | {{heb|עם}}
| |
| |'people, nation'
| |
| |-
| |
| |{{IPA|/ø/}}
| |
| | <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔøʁ]}}</span>
| |
| | {{heb|אור}}
| |
| |'light'
| |
| |-
| |
| |{{IPA|/ø̃/}}
| |
| | <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔosø̃]}}</span>
| |
| | {{heb|אתון}}
| |
| |'she-donkey'
| |
| |-
| |
| |{{IPA|/u/}}
| |
| | <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔäduˈmo]}}</span>
| |
| | {{heb|אדומה}}
| |
| |'red' (f. sg.)
| |
| |-
| |
| |{{IPA|/ʊ̃/}}
| |
| | <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|[ʔʊ̃ˈnɔ̃]}}</span>
| |
| | {{heb|אומנם}}
| |
| |'indeed'
| |
| |}
| |