Fásriyya: Difference between revisions

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[[category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
| name = ''Fásriyya''
| name = ''Fásriyya''
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| notice = IPA
| notice = IPA
}}
}}
'''Fásriyya''' (also ''Faṣriyya'') is an a priori naturalistic artlang, which takes inspiration from, amongst others, Old Japanese, Chinese, the Semitic languages, and Classical Nahuatl.  It is spoken in the world of Avríd (also home to the Aeranid languages, such as Tevrés) by the Fassermen (native ''fásrí’íín'') of the nation of Fasser (native ''fásr'').  It is a member of the Central-Haïdic language family, ultimately descending from Proto-Common-Haïdic.
'''Fásriyya''' (also ''Faṣriyya'') is an a priori naturalistic [[Artistic language|artlang]], which takes inspiration from, amongst others, Old Japanese, Chinese, the Semitic languages, and Classical Nahuatl.  It is spoken in the world of Avríd (also home to the Aeranid languages, such as Tevrés) by the Fassermen (native ''fásri’ī'') of the nation of Fasser (native ''fásr'').  It is a member of the Central-Haïdic language family, ultimately descending from Proto-Common-Haïdic.
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
Line 26: Line 29:
! Close
! Close
| i iː
| i iː
| rowspan="2" | u uː
| rowspan="2" | ɯ ɯː
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Mid
! Mid
Line 35: Line 38:
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Diphthongs
! Diphthongs
| colspan="2" | aj aw
| colspan="2" | aj aɰ
|}
|}


Line 74: Line 77:
| b
| b
| d
| d
| ɟ
| dʑ
|
|
|
|
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| f
| f
| s
| s
|
| ɕ
| x
| colspan="2" | x ~ χ
|
| ħ
| ħ
| h
| h
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| z
| z
|
|
| ɣ
| colspan="2" | ɣ ~ ʁ
|
| ʕ
| ʕ
|
|
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| l
| l
| y
| y
| w
| ɰ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
=== Tone ===
Fásriyya is a [[w:Tone (linguistics)|tonal language]] with two tone levels, high (H) and low (L), with low being the default tone. Contour tones (i.e. rising or falling tone melodies) are usually analysed as separate tones occurring on adjacent tone bearing units (morae) and thus have no phonemic status.  Tone may be both lexical (an inherent feature of a word) or grammatical.  High tones are marked by use of the acute accent (⟨á⟩, ⟨í⟩, ⟨ú⟩) on short vowels, with low tone unmarked.  Atonal long vowels (long vowels with a simple low tone) are written with a macron (⟨ā⟩, ⟨ē⟩, ⟨ī⟩, ⟨ū⟩), whilst tonal vowels are written doubled, with an acute accent placed on the first for falling tone (HL) (⟨áa⟩, ⟨ée⟩, ⟨íi⟩, ⟨úu⟩), on the second for rising tone (LH) (⟨aá⟩, ⟨eé⟩, ⟨ií⟩, ⟨uú⟩), and both for a long high tone (HH or just H) (⟨áá⟩, ⟨éé⟩, ⟨íí⟩, ⟨úú⟩).
{| class="wikitable"  style="margin:autmargin:auto;"
|+caption | Fásriyya tonemes
|-
! Name
! Contour
! example
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''toneless''
| style="text-align:center;" | L
| ''bakuš'' (/bàkùʃ/) 'they drink'
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''high''
| style="text-align:center;" | H
| ''fásr'' (/fásr/) 'Fasser'
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''rising''
| style="text-align:center;" | LH
| ''luddú'' (/lùdːú/) 'head (''nom.'')'
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''falling''
| style="text-align:center;" | HL
| ''báskir'' (/báskìr/) 'head'
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''peaking''
| style="text-align:center;" | LHL
| ''baktúru'' (/bàktúrù/) 'they're speaking'
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''broken''
| style="text-align:center;" | LM*
| ''kaãtr'' (/kàā̰tr/) 'speech'
|}
Another tone contour, called the broken tone, may appear on long syllables, as an allophone of the peaking tone.  It is written with a tilde over the second vowel (⟨aã⟩, ⟨eẽ⟩, ⟨iĩ⟩, ⟨uũ⟩).  It is realised as a contour from low to mid pitch, with creaky voice manifesting towards the end.  See more bellow.
==== Lexical tone ====
Lexical tone is a feature of Fásriyya's triconsonantal root system, with each root carrying one of the five tone melodies.  For example, the root of the word '''''báskiru''''' ('it blooms') is not simple ''s-k-r'', but rather '''''s-k-r HL''''', with a high-low tone melody.  These melodies play themselves across any words derived from their associated stems, that is, all words derived from '''''s-k-r HL''''' carry the same tone melody.  Due to the fact that different vocalisations have different numbers of vowels, these lexical tone melodies manifest differently depending on the number of morae (a short vowel is one mora, a long vowel is two) present.
{| class="wikitable"  style="margin:autmargin:auto;"
|+caption | Tone manifestation
|-
! Toneme
! one-mora
! two-morae
! three-morae
! four-morae
! five-morae
|- style="text-align:center;"
| ''toneless''
| L<br>''ka’n'' (/kàʔn/)
| LL<br>''bak’un'' (/bàkʔùn/)
| LLL<br>''bak’unu'' (/bàkʔùnù/)
| LLLL<br>''kā’inu'' (/kààʔìnù/)
| LLLLL<br>''kā’inīn'' (/kààʔìnììn/)
|- style="text-align:center;"
| ''high''
| H<br>''fásr'' (/fásr/)
| HH<br>''fásrú'' (/fásrú/)
| HHH<br>''báfássír'' (/báfásːír/)
| HHHH<br>''báfássírú'' (/báfásːírú/)
| HHHHH<br>''táfássíríín'' (/táfásːíríín/)
|- style="text-align:center;"
| ''rising''
| LH*<br>''ḡaábd'' (/ɣǎˑbd/)
| LH<br>''ḡabdú'' (/ɣàbdú/)
| LHH<br>''ḡabádá'' (/ɣàbádá/)
| LHHH<br>''baḡáábád'' (/bàɣáːbád/)
| LHHHH<br>''baḡáábádú'' (/bàɣáːbádú/)
|- style="text-align:center;"
| ''falling''
| HL*<br>''sáakr'' (/sâˑkr/)
| HL<br>''sákru'' (/sákrù/)
| HLL<br>''sákira'' (/sákìrà/)
| HLLL<br>''ískīra'' (/ískìːrà/)
| HLLLL<br>''sáakirīn'' (/sâːkìrìːn/)
|- style="text-align:center;"
| ''peaking''
| LM*<br>''kaãtr'' (/ka̰᷄ˑtr/)
| LHL*<br>''kaátru'' (/kǎˑrù/)
| LHL<br>''katára'' (/kàtárà/)
| LHHL<br>''bakáátir'' (/bàtáːtìr/)
| LHHHL<br>''bakáátíru'' (/bàtáːtírù/)
|}
==== Tone sandhi ====
== Nouns ==
=== Case ===
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;"
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Dual
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! Absolute
! Construct
! Pausal
! Absolute
! Construct
! Pausal
! Absolute
! Construct
! Pausal
|- style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="3" | Regular<br>common
! Nominative
| rowspan="3" | ''-Ø̂''
| rowspan="3" colspan="2" | ''-Ø''
| ''-ān''
| rowspan="6" colspan="2" | ''-áa''
| ''-ūn''
| colspan="2" | ''-úu''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Accusative
| rowspan="2" | ''-ayn''
| rowspan="2" | ''-īn''
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | ''-íi''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Oblique
|- style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="3" | Tonal<br>defective
! Nominative
| ''-û''
| ''-u''
| rowspan="9" | ''-Ø''
| ''-ān''
| ''-ūn''
| colspan="2" | ''-úu''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Accusative
| ''-â''
| ''-a''
| rowspan="2" | ''-ayn''
| rowspan="2" | ''-īn''
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | ''-íi''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Oblique
| rowspan="3" | ''-î''
| rowspan="3" | ''-i''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="3" | Y-<br>irregular
! Nominative
| ''-yān''
| rowspan="3" colspan="2" | ''-yáa''
| ''-yūn''
| colspan="2" | ''-yúu''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Accusative
| rowspan="2" | ''-yayn''
| rowspan="2" | ''-īn''
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | ''-íi''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Oblique
| ''-íi''
| ''-ī''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="3" | W-<br>irregular
! Nominative
| ''-úu''
| ''-ū''
| ''-wān''
| rowspan="3" colspan="2" | ''-wáa''
| ''-ūn''
| colspan="2" | ''-úu''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Accusative
| rowspan="2" | ''-û''
| rowspan="2" | ''-u''
| rowspan="2" | ''-wayn''
| rowspan="2" | ''-wīn''
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | ''-wíi''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Oblique
|- style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="3" | N-<br>abstract
! Nominative
| rowspan="3" | ''-ân''
| rowspan="3" | ''-an''
| rowspan="3" | ''-â''
| ''-ānan''
| rowspan="3" colspan="2" | ''-áana''
| rowspan="3" | ''-áan''
| rowspan="3" | ''-ān''
| rowspan="3" | ''-áa''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Accusative
| rowspan="2" | ''-ānayn''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Oblique
|- style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="3" | Pronoun<br>declension
! Nominative
| rowspan="3" | ''—''
| colspan="2" | ''-uk''
| rowspan="3" | ''—''
| rowspan="3" colspan="2" | ''-áak''
| rowspan="3" | ''—''
| colspan="2" | ''-úuk''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Accusative
| colspan="2" | ''-ak''
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | ''-íik''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Oblique
| colspan="2" | ''-ik''
|}
==== Oblique ====
The genitive case can be used as an atelic object, as opposed to the accusative, which denotes a telic object.
=== Prepositions ===
Prepositions can be classified into two groups; conjugating and non-conjugating.  This may be somewhat a misnomer, as even non-conjugating prepositions may take suffix conjugation when they are used with a personal pronoun, but this is not considered true conjugation.  Conjugating pronouns conjugate to match the main subject of a sentence.
{| class="wikitable"  style="display: inline-table;"
|- style="text-align: center"
! Focus
| <code>FOC</code>
| ''báa''
| ''wanū''
| style="text-align: left" | Indicates new, non-derivable, or contrastive information.
|- style="text-align: center"
! Complementiser
| <code>C</code>
| ''tâ''
| ''táwā''
| style="text-align: left" | Is used to turn a clause into the subject or object of a sentence.
|}
:{{interlinear | box=yes
| báá-tíínú z-’Adíníí mayha’ mátliba yūšu
| FOC<nowiki>=</nowiki>tea-NOM GEN<nowiki>=</nowiki>S'entin-OBL want.PRS.INF drink.PRS.INF-3.NAN ERG-1SG
| 'Its the S'entigneis tea I want to drink'}}
:{{interlinear | box=yes
| ya‘uf táa yayāhu’u mátliba tiíná z-’Adíní
| 3.AN-say.PRT CL-3.AN 3.AN-want.PRS drink.PRS.INF-3.NAN tea-ACC GEN<nowiki>=</nowiki>S'entin
| 'They said they want to drink S'entigneis tea'}}
{| class="wikitable"  style="display: inline-table;"
|- style="text-align: center"
! Dative
| <code>Dat</code>
| ''daá’í''
| style="text-align: left" | Indicates the recipient of an action, or the person or thing affected by the action.
|- style="text-align: center"
! Allative
| <code>ALL</code>
| ''qū’i''
| style="text-align: left" | Indicates the direction towards which action or movement occurs.
|- style="text-align: center"
! Genitive
| <code>GEN</code>
| ''ǎz''
| style="text-align: left" | Indicates possession, affiliation, or association.
|}
|}


== Verbs ==
== Verbs ==
=== Tense===
There are three primary tense distinctions made in Fásriyya verbs; these being the past, present, and future.  In addition to this, the past tense also distinguishes between the perfective and imperfective aspects, creating the preterite and imperfect tenses respectively.
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;"
|+Form I Tenses
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''k-’-n (L)'' ('to see')
|-
! colspan="3" | Inflection
! rowspan="2" | Meaning
|-
! Conclusive
! Participle
! Infinitive
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Present
| '''''bakā’un'''''<br>baCāCuC
| '''''mak’ūn'''''<br>maCCūC
| '''''mak’an'''''<br>maCCaC
| 'they see, they are seeing'
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Imperfect
| '''''bak’anu'''''<br>baCCaCu
| '''''kā’in'''''<br>CāCiC
| '''''kā’an'''''<br>CāCaC
| 'they were seeing'
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Preterite
| '''''bak’an'''''<br>baCCaC
| '''''ka’n'''''<br>CaCC
| '''''ka’an'''''<br>CaCaC
| 'they saw'
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Future
| '''''bak’ana'''''<br>baCCaCa
| '''''sak’úún'''''<br>saCCūC (LH)
| '''''sak’án'''''<br>saCCaC (LH)
| 'they will see'
|}

Latest revision as of 02:53, 29 January 2021

Fásriyya
Created byLimius
SettingAvrid
Native toFasser
EthnicityFasserman
Haïdic
  • Fásriyya
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Fásriyya (also Faṣriyya) is an a priori naturalistic artlang, which takes inspiration from, amongst others, Old Japanese, Chinese, the Semitic languages, and Classical Nahuatl. It is spoken in the world of Avríd (also home to the Aeranid languages, such as Tevrés) by the Fassermen (native fásri’ī) of the nation of Fasser (native fásr). It is a member of the Central-Haïdic language family, ultimately descending from Proto-Common-Haïdic.

Phonology

Vowels

Vowel phonemes
Front Back
Close i iː ɯ ɯː
Mid eː
Open a aː
Diphthongs aj aɰ

Consonants

Consonant phonemes
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Nasal m n
Plosive voiceless t k q *ʔ
voiced b d dʑ
Fricative voiceless f s ɕ x ~ χ ħ h
voiced z ɣ ~ ʁ ʕ
Trill r
Approximate l y ɰ

Tone

Fásriyya is a tonal language with two tone levels, high (H) and low (L), with low being the default tone. Contour tones (i.e. rising or falling tone melodies) are usually analysed as separate tones occurring on adjacent tone bearing units (morae) and thus have no phonemic status. Tone may be both lexical (an inherent feature of a word) or grammatical. High tones are marked by use of the acute accent (⟨á⟩, ⟨í⟩, ⟨ú⟩) on short vowels, with low tone unmarked. Atonal long vowels (long vowels with a simple low tone) are written with a macron (⟨ā⟩, ⟨ē⟩, ⟨ī⟩, ⟨ū⟩), whilst tonal vowels are written doubled, with an acute accent placed on the first for falling tone (HL) (⟨áa⟩, ⟨ée⟩, ⟨íi⟩, ⟨úu⟩), on the second for rising tone (LH) (⟨aá⟩, ⟨eé⟩, ⟨ií⟩, ⟨uú⟩), and both for a long high tone (HH or just H) (⟨áá⟩, ⟨éé⟩, ⟨íí⟩, ⟨úú⟩).

Fásriyya tonemes
Name Contour example
toneless L bakuš (/bàkùʃ/) 'they drink'
high H fásr (/fásr/) 'Fasser'
rising LH luddú (/lùdːú/) 'head (nom.)'
falling HL báskir (/báskìr/) 'head'
peaking LHL baktúru (/bàktúrù/) 'they're speaking'
broken LM* kaãtr (/kàā̰tr/) 'speech'

Another tone contour, called the broken tone, may appear on long syllables, as an allophone of the peaking tone. It is written with a tilde over the second vowel (⟨aã⟩, ⟨eẽ⟩, ⟨iĩ⟩, ⟨uũ⟩). It is realised as a contour from low to mid pitch, with creaky voice manifesting towards the end. See more bellow.

Lexical tone

Lexical tone is a feature of Fásriyya's triconsonantal root system, with each root carrying one of the five tone melodies. For example, the root of the word báskiru ('it blooms') is not simple s-k-r, but rather s-k-r HL, with a high-low tone melody. These melodies play themselves across any words derived from their associated stems, that is, all words derived from s-k-r HL carry the same tone melody. Due to the fact that different vocalisations have different numbers of vowels, these lexical tone melodies manifest differently depending on the number of morae (a short vowel is one mora, a long vowel is two) present.

Tone manifestation
Toneme one-mora two-morae three-morae four-morae five-morae
toneless L
ka’n (/kàʔn/) 		LL
bak’un (/bàkʔùn/) 		LLL
bak’unu (/bàkʔùnù/) 		LLLL
kā’inu (/kààʔìnù/) 		LLLLL
kā’inīn (/kààʔìnììn/)
high H
fásr (/fásr/) 		HH
fásrú (/fásrú/) 		HHH
báfássír (/báfásːír/) 		HHHH
báfássírú (/báfásːírú/) 		HHHHH
táfássíríín (/táfásːíríín/)
rising LH*
ḡaábd (/ɣǎˑbd/) 		LH
ḡabdú (/ɣàbdú/) 		LHH
ḡabádá (/ɣàbádá/) 		LHHH
baḡáábád (/bàɣáːbád/) 		LHHHH
baḡáábádú (/bàɣáːbádú/)
falling HL*
sáakr (/sâˑkr/) 		HL
sákru (/sákrù/) 		HLL
sákira (/sákìrà/) 		HLLL
ískīra (/ískìːrà/) 		HLLLL
sáakirīn (/sâːkìrìːn/)
peaking LM*
kaãtr (/ka̰᷄ˑtr/) 		LHL*
kaátru (/kǎˑrù/) 		LHL
katára (/kàtárà/) 		LHHL
bakáátir (/bàtáːtìr/) 		LHHHL
bakáátíru (/bàtáːtírù/)

Tone sandhi

Nouns

Case

Singular Dual Plural
Absolute Construct Pausal Absolute Construct Pausal Absolute Construct Pausal
Regular
common 		Nominative -Ø̂ -Ø -ān -áa -ūn -úu
Accusative -ayn -īn -íi
Oblique
Tonal
defective 		Nominative -û -u -Ø -ān -ūn -úu
Accusative -â -a -ayn -īn -íi
Oblique -î -i
Y-
irregular 		Nominative -yān -yáa -yūn -yúu
Accusative -yayn -īn -íi
Oblique -íi -ī
W-
irregular 		Nominative -úu -ū -wān -wáa -ūn -úu
Accusative -û -u -wayn -wīn -wíi
Oblique
N-
abstract 		Nominative -ân -an -â -ānan -áana -áan -ān -áa
Accusative -ānayn
Oblique
Pronoun
declension 		Nominative — -uk — -áak — -úuk
Accusative -ak -íik
Oblique -ik

Oblique

The genitive case can be used as an atelic object, as opposed to the accusative, which denotes a telic object.

Prepositions

Prepositions can be classified into two groups; conjugating and non-conjugating. This may be somewhat a misnomer, as even non-conjugating prepositions may take suffix conjugation when they are used with a personal pronoun, but this is not considered true conjugation. Conjugating pronouns conjugate to match the main subject of a sentence.

Focus FOC báa wanū Indicates new, non-derivable, or contrastive information.
Complementiser C tâ táwā Is used to turn a clause into the subject or object of a sentence.

báá-tíínú

FOC=tea-NOM

z-’Adíníí

GEN=S'entin-OBL

mayha’

want.PRS.INF

mátliba

drink.PRS.INF-3.NAN

yūšu

ERG-1SG

báá-tíínú z-’Adíníí mayha’ mátliba yūšu

FOC=tea-NOM GEN=S'entin-OBL want.PRS.INF drink.PRS.INF-3.NAN ERG-1SG

'Its the S'entigneis tea I want to drink'

ya‘uf

3.AN-say.PRT

táa

CL-3.AN

yayāhu’u

3.AN-want.PRS

mátliba

drink.PRS.INF-3.NAN

tiíná

tea-ACC

z-’Adíní

GEN=S'entin

ya‘uf táa yayāhu’u mátliba tiíná z-’Adíní

3.AN-say.PRT CL-3.AN 3.AN-want.PRS drink.PRS.INF-3.NAN tea-ACC GEN=S'entin

'They said they want to drink S'entigneis tea'

Dative Dat daá’í Indicates the recipient of an action, or the person or thing affected by the action.
Allative ALL qū’i Indicates the direction towards which action or movement occurs.
Genitive GEN ǎz Indicates possession, affiliation, or association.

Verbs

Tense

There are three primary tense distinctions made in Fásriyya verbs; these being the past, present, and future. In addition to this, the past tense also distinguishes between the perfective and imperfective aspects, creating the preterite and imperfect tenses respectively.

Form I Tenses
k-’-n (L) ('to see')
Inflection Meaning
Conclusive Participle Infinitive
Present bakā’un
baCāCuC 		mak’ūn
maCCūC 		mak’an
maCCaC 		'they see, they are seeing'
Imperfect bak’anu
baCCaCu 		kā’in
CāCiC 		kā’an
CāCaC 		'they were seeing'
Preterite bak’an
baCCaC 		ka’n
CaCC 		ka’an
CaCaC 		'they saw'
Future bak’ana
baCCaCa 		sak’úún
saCCūC (LH) 		sak’án
saCCaC (LH) 		'they will see'
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