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''' | '''Eliaká''' (Ελιιακά) or '''Eliačíe hlôssa''' (Ελιιακή γλώσσα /ɛʎɪ̯ɐˈt͡ʂɪ̯ɛ ˈɦɫʊ̯ɔsɐ/) is a Hellenic language (a descendent of quasi-Koiné Greek) inspired mainly by Portuguese and secondarily by Slovak and Russian. It is the third most populous Hellenic language in the Irta timeline. | ||
Initial r, rr, r in front of i/j > Czech ř | Initial r, rr, r in front of i/j > Czech ř | ||
Numbers: | Numbers: | ||
# m: εις ''his'' /ɪʃ/ f: μνια '' | # m: εις ''his'' /ɪʃ/ f: μνια ''mnia'' /mɲɪ̯ɐ/ n: εμ ''hem'' /ɛũ/ | ||
# διου ''diu'' /dʐu/ | # διου ''diu'' /dʐu/ | ||
# τρεις ''třis'' /tr̝iʃ/ | # τρεις ''třis'' /tr̝iʃ/ | ||
Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
# ενία ''enhia'' /ɪ̃ˈɲiə/ | # ενία ''enhia'' /ɪ̃ˈɲiə/ | ||
# δέκα ''deca'' /ˈdekə/ | # δέκα ''deca'' /ˈdekə/ | ||
== Phonology == | |||
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center | |||
! rowspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="2" | [[Front vowel|Front]] | |||
! colspan="2" | [[Back vowel|Back]] | |||
|- class=small | |||
! short | |||
! long | |||
! short | |||
! long | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | [[Close vowel|Close]] | |||
| align="center" | i̞ | |||
| align="center" | i̞ː | |||
| align="center" | u̞ | |||
| align="center" | u̞ː | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | [[Mid vowel|Mid]] | |||
| align="center" | e̞ | |||
| align="center" | (e̞ː) | |||
| align="center" | ɔ | |||
| align="center" | (ɔː) | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | [[Open vowel|Open]] | |||
| align="center" | | |||
| | |||
| align="center" | ɐ | |||
| align="center" | ɐː | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | [[Diphthong]]s | |||
| colspan="4" align="center" | (ɪu) ɪe ɪɐ ʊɔ | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center | |||
|+ Slovak consonant phonemes | |||
! colspan="3" | | |||
! [[Labial consonant|Labial]] | |||
! [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] | |||
! [[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]] | |||
! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]] | |||
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]] | |||
! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]] | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | |||
| m | |||
| n | |||
| | |||
| ɲ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[Plosive consonant|Plosive]] | |||
! [[voicelessness|voiceless]] | |||
| p | |||
| t | |||
| | |||
| c | |||
| k | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! [[voice (phonetics)|voiced]] | |||
| b | |||
| d | |||
| | |||
| ɟ | |||
| ɡ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]] | |||
! [[voicelessness|voiceless]] | |||
| | |||
| ts | |||
| tʂ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! [[voice (phonetics)|voiced]] | |||
| | |||
| dz | |||
| dʐ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | |||
! [[voicelessness|voiceless]] | |||
| f | |||
| s | |||
| ʂ | |||
| | |||
| x | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! [[voice (phonetics)|voiced]] | |||
|ʋ|v | |||
| z | |||
| ʐ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ɦ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" | [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]] | |||
! colspan="2" | plain | |||
| | | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| j | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | [[Lateral consonant|lateral]] | |||
! short | |||
| | |||
| ɫ|l | |||
| | |||
| ʎ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! [[gemination|geminated]] | |||
| | |||
| ɫ|lː | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[Trill consonant|Trill]] | |||
! short | |||
| | |||
| r | |||
| | |||
| r{{raised}} | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! [[gemination|geminated]] | |||
| | |||
| rː | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
== Morphology == | == Morphology == | ||
=== Nouns === | === Nouns === | ||
Elicá kept only two cases, nominative and genitive/accusative (compared to [[Ašča]], which kept the nominative, genitive and vocative). However, Elicá preserves the neuter gender unlike [[Ašča]]. Possession is indicated with για '' | Elicá kept only two cases, nominative and genitive/accusative; it merged the genitive and the accusative but kept some of the old accusative forms (compared to [[Ašča]], which kept the nominative, genitive and vocative). However, Elicá preserves the neuter gender unlike [[Ašča]]. Possession is indicated with για ''ža'' (from AGr δια), and ''definite'' accusative objects are marked with σ- or στ- before the definite article. | ||
=== Verbs === | |||
-tem comes from -te hymeis | |||
==== Consonant verbs ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | |||
|+ γράφω ''hráfu'' 'I write' | |||
! voice !! tense || γω || συ || αυτός/αυτή || μεις || υς || αυτοί/αυτής | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" |active !! present | |||
| γράφω /'ɦrɐfʊ/ || γράφεις /'ɦrɐfɪʂ/ || γράφει /'ɦrɐfɪ/ || γράφομει /'ɦrɐfʊmɪ/ || γράφειτει /'ɦrɐfɪcɪ/ || γράφουσ /'ɦrɐfʊs/ | |||
|- | |||
! subjunctive | |||
| γράψω /'ɦrɐpsʊ/ || γράψεις /'ɦrɐpsɪʂ/ || γράψει /'ɦrɐpsɪ/ || γράψουμει /'ɦrɐpsʊmɪ/ || γράψειτει /'ɦrɐpsɪcɪ/ || γράψουσ /'ɦrɐpsʊs/ | |||
|- | |||
! past | |||
| έγραψα /'jɛɦrɐpsɐ/ || έγραψας /'jɛɦrɐpsɐʂ/ || έγραψε /'jɛɦrɐpsɪ/ || εγράψαμει /jɪɦ'rɐpsɐmɪ/ || εγράψατει /jiɦ'rapsɐcɪ/ || έγραψασ /'jɛɦrɐpsɐs/ | |||
|} | |||
==== ''a''-contracted verbs ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | |||
|+ αγαπάμ ''agapám'' 'to love' | |||
! voice !! tense || ''gô'' || ''si'' || ''outós/outê'' || ''mís'' || ''ís'' || ''outí/outés'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" |active !! present | |||
| αγαπάω ''agapáo'' /əgɐ'pau/ || αγαπάεις ''agapáis'' /əgɐ'paɪʃ/ || αγαπάει ''agapái'' /əgɐ'paɪ/ || αγαπάμε ''agapáme'' /əgɐ'pamɪ/ || αγαπάτεμ ''agapátem'' /əgɐ'patʂɪ̃/ || αγαπάσ ''agapáß'' /əgɐ'pas/ | |||
|- | |||
! subjunctive | |||
| αγαπήσω ''agapêso'' /əgɐ'piəsu/ || αγαπήσεις ''agapêsis'' /əgɐ'piəsɪʃ/ || αγαπήσει ''agapêsi'' /əgɐ'piəsɪ/ || αγαπήσουμε ''agapêsume'' /əgɐ'piəsʊmɪ/ || αγαπήσετεμ ''agapêsetem'' /əgɐ'piəsɪtʂɪ̃/ || αγαπήσουσ ''agapêsuß'' /əgɐ'piəsʊs/ | |||
|- | |||
! past | |||
| αγαπήκα ''agapêca'' /əgɐ'piəkə/ || αγαπήκας ''agapêcas'' /əgɐ'piəkəʃ/ || αγαπήκε ''agapêce'' /əgɐ'piətʃɪ/ || αγαπήκαμε ''agapêcame'' /əgɐ'piəkəmɪ/ || αγαπήκατεμ ''agapêcatem'' /əgɐ'piəkətʂɪ̃/ || αγαπήκασ ''agapêcaß'' /əgɐ'piəkɐs/ | |||
|} | |||
[[Category:Hellenic languages]] | [[Category:Hellenic languages]] | ||
{{IE|}} | {{IE|}} |
Latest revision as of 01:03, 10 May 2023
Eliaká (Ελιιακά) or Eliačíe hlôssa (Ελιιακή γλώσσα /ɛʎɪ̯ɐˈt͡ʂɪ̯ɛ ˈɦɫʊ̯ɔsɐ/) is a Hellenic language (a descendent of quasi-Koiné Greek) inspired mainly by Portuguese and secondarily by Slovak and Russian. It is the third most populous Hellenic language in the Irta timeline.
Initial r, rr, r in front of i/j > Czech ř
Numbers:
- m: εις his /ɪʃ/ f: μνια mnia /mɲɪ̯ɐ/ n: εμ hem /ɛũ/
- διου diu /dʐu/
- τρεις třis /tr̝iʃ/
- τέσσερα téssera /ˈtesɨrə/
- πέντε pente /pɪ̃tʂɨ/
- έιξε heixe /ˈeiʃɨ/
- εύτα heuta /ˈɛutə/
- οϊτώ oitô /oiˈtoə/
- ενία enhia /ɪ̃ˈɲiə/
- δέκα deca /ˈdekə/
Phonology
Front | Back | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
short | long | short | long | |
Close | i̞ | i̞ː | u̞ | u̞ː |
Mid | e̞ | (e̞ː) | ɔ | (ɔː) |
Open | ɐ | ɐː | ||
Diphthongs | (ɪu) ɪe ɪɐ ʊɔ |
Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | |||||
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | c | k | |||
voiced | b | d | ɟ | ɡ | ||||
Affricate | voiceless | ts | tʂ | |||||
voiced | dz | dʐ | ||||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʂ | x | |||
voiced | v | z | ʐ | ɦ | ||||
Approximant | plain | j | ||||||
lateral | short | l | ʎ | |||||
geminated | lː | |||||||
Trill | short | r | r̝ | |||||
geminated | rː |
Morphology
Nouns
Elicá kept only two cases, nominative and genitive/accusative; it merged the genitive and the accusative but kept some of the old accusative forms (compared to Ašča, which kept the nominative, genitive and vocative). However, Elicá preserves the neuter gender unlike Ašča. Possession is indicated with για ža (from AGr δια), and definite accusative objects are marked with σ- or στ- before the definite article.
Verbs
-tem comes from -te hymeis
Consonant verbs
voice | tense | γω | συ | αυτός/αυτή | μεις | υς | αυτοί/αυτής |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active | present | γράφω /'ɦrɐfʊ/ | γράφεις /'ɦrɐfɪʂ/ | γράφει /'ɦrɐfɪ/ | γράφομει /'ɦrɐfʊmɪ/ | γράφειτει /'ɦrɐfɪcɪ/ | γράφουσ /'ɦrɐfʊs/ |
subjunctive | γράψω /'ɦrɐpsʊ/ | γράψεις /'ɦrɐpsɪʂ/ | γράψει /'ɦrɐpsɪ/ | γράψουμει /'ɦrɐpsʊmɪ/ | γράψειτει /'ɦrɐpsɪcɪ/ | γράψουσ /'ɦrɐpsʊs/ | |
past | έγραψα /'jɛɦrɐpsɐ/ | έγραψας /'jɛɦrɐpsɐʂ/ | έγραψε /'jɛɦrɐpsɪ/ | εγράψαμει /jɪɦ'rɐpsɐmɪ/ | εγράψατει /jiɦ'rapsɐcɪ/ | έγραψασ /'jɛɦrɐpsɐs/ |
a-contracted verbs
voice | tense | gô | si | outós/outê | mís | ís | outí/outés |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active | present | αγαπάω agapáo /əgɐ'pau/ | αγαπάεις agapáis /əgɐ'paɪʃ/ | αγαπάει agapái /əgɐ'paɪ/ | αγαπάμε agapáme /əgɐ'pamɪ/ | αγαπάτεμ agapátem /əgɐ'patʂɪ̃/ | αγαπάσ agapáß /əgɐ'pas/ |
subjunctive | αγαπήσω agapêso /əgɐ'piəsu/ | αγαπήσεις agapêsis /əgɐ'piəsɪʃ/ | αγαπήσει agapêsi /əgɐ'piəsɪ/ | αγαπήσουμε agapêsume /əgɐ'piəsʊmɪ/ | αγαπήσετεμ agapêsetem /əgɐ'piəsɪtʂɪ̃/ | αγαπήσουσ agapêsuß /əgɐ'piəsʊs/ | |
past | αγαπήκα agapêca /əgɐ'piəkə/ | αγαπήκας agapêcas /əgɐ'piəkəʃ/ | αγαπήκε agapêce /əgɐ'piətʃɪ/ | αγαπήκαμε agapêcame /əgɐ'piəkəmɪ/ | αγαπήκατεμ agapêcatem /əgɐ'piəkətʂɪ̃/ | αγαπήκασ agapêcaß /əgɐ'piəkɐs/ |