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:[[Æ/Lexicon]]
:[[Æ/Lexicon]]


{{Infobox language
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (natively ''jạrˀ Æ'' [jɑ̈˨˩˨ˀ ʔe˧˧], lit. 'Æ sound'; in English /ɛ/ ''eh'') is an [[Verse:Angai|Angai]]an monosyllabic tonal analytic language inspired by Danish and Vietnamese (and the name is inspired by the real-world E language).
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = jarb-jarb Æ
|pronunciation= /jaˁʱjaˁʱ ɛ/
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|region = Talma
|familycolor=lakovic
|fam1=[[Lakovic]]
|script=Windermere script
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
}}


'''{{PAGENAME}}''' /ɛ/ ''eh'' (native: ''jarb-jarb Æ'' /jaˁʱjaˁʱ ɛ/ 'Æ words'; [[Windermere]]: ''brits Ä'') is a minority [[Lakovic languages|Lakovic language]] spoken near Wieb Province in the USB. It's inspired by Danish (and the name is inspired by the real-world E language).
rø{{acute}}dˀ grø{{acute}}dˀ med flø{{cdb}}d could be a chengyu
== Broad phonology ==
=== Initials ===
'''b d bl gl g f s fl sl t h m n ng l r v j 0''' /p t pl tɬ k f s fl ɬ ts h m n ŋ l ʁ v j ʔ/


==Phonology==
=== Medials ===
===Consonants===
-r- /ʁ/ Since this lowers the vowel, the exact phonetic values of rV combinations must be learned. Tentatively only allowed after b d g f s t h m n ng v.
'''p t tj k f s h m n ng l zj r v j''' /p t t͡ɕ k f s x m n ŋ l ɹ ʀ v j/


===Vowels===
=== Vowels ===
Khmerization conditioned by initial voicing:  
Nuclei: i y u ů e ø o æ æ̊ a å /i y ɨ u e ø o ɛ œ æ ɔ/
* Proto-Tumhanic i > ɪ/i (RTR/ATR) > e/i
 
* Proto-Tumhanic u > ʊ/u > ů/u
=== Finals ===
* Proto-Tumhanic o > ɔ/o > o/ø
-0 -j -v -d -r -n -m /-0 -j -w -ð{{lowered}}ˠ -ɐ̯ -ⁿ -w{{tilde}}/
* Proto-Tumhanic ā > ɑ > ɒ/øə > å/æ̊
==== Origins of finals ====
* Proto-Tumhanic e > ɛ/e > a/æ
* -0 comes from older -0 (tone A), -ʔ (tone B), -h (tone C), -k (tone D)
* Proto-Tumhanic a > ɐ > a/u
* -v comes from older -w (tone A), -wʔ (tone B), -f (tone C), -p -wə(final stop) (tone D)
TODO: Finals should affect this somewhat
* -j comes from older -j (tone A), -jʔ (tone B), -ç (tone C), -c -jə(final stop) (tone D)
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
* -d comes from older -ð -l (tone A), -ðʔ -lʔ (tone B), -þ (tone C), -t -ðə(final stop) -lə(final stop) (tone D)
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels'''
* -r comes from older -r (tone A), -rʔ (tone B), -s (tone C), -q -rə(final stop) (tone D)
|-
* -n from -n -ɲ sometimes -ŋ (add ʔ or final fric as necessary for tones B or C), -nə(final stop) -ɲə(final stop) -ŋə(final stop) (tone D)
! rowspan="3" |
* -m from -m sometimes -ŋ (add ʔ or final fric as necessary for tones B or C), -mə(final stop) -ŋə(final stop) (tone D)
! colspan="4" |Front
 
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Central
(Posttonic syllables after nonresonants are lost without a trace)
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Back
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |<small>unrounded</small>
! colspan="2" style="" |<small>rounded</small>
|-
!style=" "|<small>plain</small>
!style=" "|<small>phar.</small>
!style=" "|<small>plain</small>
!style=" "|<small>phar.</small>
!style=" "|<small>plain</small>
!style=" "|<small>phar.</small>
!style=" "|<small>plain</small>
!style=" "|<small>phar.</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /i/
| '''ir''' /iˤ/
|
|
| '''u''' /ɨ/
| '''ur''' /ɨˤ/
| '''ů''' /u/
| '''ůr''' /uˤ/
|-
! style="" |Close-mid
| '''e''' /e/
| '''er''' /eˤ/
| '''ø''' /ø/
|
|
|
| '''o''' /o/
| '''or''' /oˤ/
|-
! style="" |Open
| '''æ''' /ɛ/
| '''ær''' /ɛˤ/
| '''æ̊''' /œ/
| '''æ̊r, ør''' /œˤ/
| '''a''' /a/
| '''ar''' /aˤ/
| '''å''' /ɔ/
| '''år''' /ɔˤ/
|}


===Tones===
=== Tones ===
Æ has four register phonations or tones:
6 tones, with independent +-stød (+stød <- stronger stress <- no preinitial, -stød <- weaker stress <- preinitial)
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
==== Tone box ====
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} tones'''
Vietnamese tone diacritics are used to indicate the abstract etymological origin of the tone (The precise tone values are TBD)
|-
{| class="wikitable"
! Spelling
!
! Tone
!A (null/voiced coda)
! Example
!B (glottal stop coda)
! IPA
!C (fricative coda)
! Meaning
!D (voiceless stop coda)
|-
|-
| unmarked
!Modal initial
| modal
|a
| ''hæ̊''
|á
| /hœ/
|ả
| echo
|á, always + stød
|-
|-
| s
!Breathy initial
| stød (weak glottalization)
|à
| ''hæ̊s''
|ạ
| /hœˀ/
|ã
| steep
|ạ, always + stød
|-
| b
| breathy
| ''hæ̊b''
| /hœʱ/
| to stretch
|-
| g
| checked (strong glottalization)
| ''hæ̊g''
| /hœʔ/
| to make a mistake
|}
|}


==Morphology==
== Narrow phonology ==
"Erhua" (pharyngealization) is sometimes used to nominalize verbs (from PLak {{recon|{{angbr|X}}}}) or form passives/intransitive verbs (from PLak {{recon|{{angbr|r}}}}) from transitive ones.
Steal from Danish narrow phonology as much as possible
 
* ''hæ̊g'' /hœʔ/ = to lose one's way > ''hæ̊rg'' /hœˤʔ/ = mistake, error
* ''ngo'' /ngo/ = to see > ''ngor'' /ngoˤ/ = to be visible, to appear
 
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Lakovic languages]]

Latest revision as of 22:35, 22 November 2024

Æ/Lexicon

Æ (natively jạrˀ Æ [jɑ̈˨˩˨ˀ ʔe˧˧], lit. 'Æ sound'; in English /ɛ/ eh) is an Angaian monosyllabic tonal analytic language inspired by Danish and Vietnamese (and the name is inspired by the real-world E language).

rǿdˀ grǿdˀ med flø̣d could be a chengyu

Broad phonology

Initials

b d bl gl g f s fl sl t h m n ng l r v j 0 /p t pl tɬ k f s fl ɬ ts h m n ŋ l ʁ v j ʔ/

Medials

-r- /ʁ/ Since this lowers the vowel, the exact phonetic values of rV combinations must be learned. Tentatively only allowed after b d g f s t h m n ng v.

Vowels

Nuclei: i y u ů e ø o æ æ̊ a å /i y ɨ u e ø o ɛ œ æ ɔ/

Finals

-0 -j -v -d -r -n -m /-0 -j -w -ð̞ˠ -ɐ̯ -ⁿ -w̃/

Origins of finals

  • -0 comes from older -0 (tone A), -ʔ (tone B), -h (tone C), -k (tone D)
  • -v comes from older -w (tone A), -wʔ (tone B), -f (tone C), -p -wə(final stop) (tone D)
  • -j comes from older -j (tone A), -jʔ (tone B), -ç (tone C), -c -jə(final stop) (tone D)
  • -d comes from older -ð -l (tone A), -ðʔ -lʔ (tone B), -þ (tone C), -t -ðə(final stop) -lə(final stop) (tone D)
  • -r comes from older -r (tone A), -rʔ (tone B), -s (tone C), -q -rə(final stop) (tone D)
  • -n from -n -ɲ sometimes -ŋ (add ʔ or final fric as necessary for tones B or C), -nə(final stop) -ɲə(final stop) -ŋə(final stop) (tone D)
  • -m from -m sometimes -ŋ (add ʔ or final fric as necessary for tones B or C), -mə(final stop) -ŋə(final stop) (tone D)

(Posttonic syllables after nonresonants are lost without a trace)

Tones

6 tones, with independent +-stød (+stød <- stronger stress <- no preinitial, -stød <- weaker stress <- preinitial)

Tone box

Vietnamese tone diacritics are used to indicate the abstract etymological origin of the tone (The precise tone values are TBD)

A (null/voiced coda) B (glottal stop coda) C (fricative coda) D (voiceless stop coda)
Modal initial a á ả á, always + stød
Breathy initial à ạ ã ạ, always + stød

Narrow phonology

Steal from Danish narrow phonology as much as possible

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