User:Ceige/Unnamed: Difference between revisions
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Made a sexy blue sortable table and got rid of the template table. |
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Essentially, the differences between older forms of the language and newer forms is that the newer forms avoid any and all clusters by making them geminated consonants. | Essentially, the differences between older forms of the language and newer forms is that the newer forms avoid any and all clusters by making them geminated consonants. | ||
===Vowels=== | |||
The '''core''' vowels in their traditional groupings: | |||
[[File:Crescentvowels2.png|300px|thumb|right|Crescent Vowel diagram showing the realisation of the vowels affected by vowel harmony.]] | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 68px; "| | |||
! style="width: 68px; " |Front | |||
! style="width: 68px; " |Near Front | |||
! style="width: 68px; " |Back | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close | |||
| i | |||
| ü | |||
| u | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Mid | |||
| e | |||
| ö | |||
| o | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open | |||
| | |||
| ä | |||
| a | |||
|} | |||
The shape of vowels that aren't e/i (which are considered additional epenthetic vowels) has been referred to as ''crescent shaped''. This is because of how they are realised (see diagram). | |||
==Grammar== | |||
==Nouns== | |||
Nouns may form the plural with -i (occasionally written -j), which is a fusion of two historical suffixes. The first being ''-ʔi'', which can be thought of as a verbal shorthand for reduplication, and the second is ''-ñ-'', which referred to collectives. The two ended up merging. | |||
Cases and other particles adjoin to the end of the noun, ''after'' the plural marker. | |||
Words ending with ''-i'' will end up with ''-ei''. | |||
===Particles=== | |||
The following particles are used in noun and verb<sup>[hmmm...]</sup> phrases. They represent noun case and verbal mood, quite often, as well as having various conjunctive roles. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg sortable" style="width: auto; text-align:left;" | |||
! style="width: 50px; "| | |||
! style="width: 50px; " |Front Form | |||
! style="width: 50px; " |Back Form | |||
! style="width: 250px; " |English Equivalent | |||
! style="width: 250px; " |Other language Equivalent | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Topical (also Mirative) | |||
| vä | |||
| va | |||
| Topic particle. Homophone of the mirative, which is for expressing surprise and admiration. | |||
| は<sup>JP</sup> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Accusative | |||
| mä | |||
| ma | |||
| Direct Object | |||
| を<sup>JP</sup> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Genitive | |||
| nä | |||
| na | |||
| -'s | |||
| の、な<sup>JP</sup> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Genitive (also Emphatic) | |||
| nö | |||
| no | |||
| Functions like the genitive, also as an emphatic particle | |||
| の、な<sup>JP</sup> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Locative~Essive | |||
| ðä | |||
| ða | |||
| Indicates the existence of something (in relation to another thing's position) | |||
| で<sup>JP</sup>, -de<sup>TR</sup> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Additive | |||
| mö | |||
| mo | |||
| too, also | |||
| も<sup>JP</sup>, 도 <sup>KO</sup> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Approximative | |||
| pi | |||
| pi | |||
| towards, about, almost, roughly | |||
| Not to be confused with Komi -лaнь | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Allative-Translative | |||
| vi | |||
| vi | |||
| Indicates direction, heading, path | |||
| ''Almost'' equivalent to へ<sup>JP</sup>, -way <sup>EN</sup>. Also used to make adjectives. | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Locative-Instrumental | |||
| mi | |||
| mi | |||
| Indicates location, but also methods - "by" | |||
| で、に<sup>JP</sup>, -lla <sup>FI</sup>, -yle <sup>TR</sup> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Terminative | |||
| ni | |||
| ni | |||
| Indicates destination, goal, intention or location. | |||
| に <sup>JP</sup> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Comitative | |||
| tö | |||
| to | |||
| "and, with", also used for quotes | |||
| と <sup>JP</sup> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Exessive-Ablative | |||
| lö | |||
| lo | |||
| "and then", "after that", "from there" | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Nominaliser (also Conjunctive) | |||
| kä | |||
| ka | |||
| Makes the phrase act like a noun, but also can be used as if it has a conjunction with it | |||
| と、って、の<sup>JP</sup> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Adverbal | |||
| kü | |||
| ku | |||
| Treats the phrase like a nominal turned into an adverb <!--Yeah that's a bit silly a description--> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Dubitative | |||
| nü | |||
| nu | |||
| Indicates belief from the speaker that something is unlikely, or that they're not sure about something regarding it. | |||
| ん<sup>JP</sup> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Pensitive-Deliberative | |||
| mü | |||
| mu | |||
| Indicates that the speaker is considering or thinking about something. Also the "um" word. | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Comitative-Adjectival/Aggregational | |||
| lü | |||
| lu | |||
| "con-, with". Often used in an adjectival sense. E.g. coffee ''with milk''. | |||
| -li<sup>TR</sup> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Emphatic-Finalitive | |||
| lä | |||
| la | |||
| Emphasises that something is the way it is | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="" | Quotational | |||
| jü | |||
| ju | |||
| Used in quotes, equivalent to "it says..." | |||
| って、 と言う<sup>JP</sup> | |||
|} | |||