Šinax Netagin: Difference between revisions
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''' | '''Šinax Netagin''' (''ku bric Ntahi Šinax''; Naeng ''fi brits Inthăgin Șinach'') is the most phonologically conservative and the most widely spoken descendant of Classical [[Netagin]] in Tricin; it's spoken in Bjeheond and Raiđluav (especially in [[Verse:Tricin/Andaegor|Andaegor]]). It exists in a sprachbund with [[Nurian]], Modern [[Naeng]], [[Gwnax]] and other Bjeheondian languages. It has many loans from Classical Netagin in its literary register. | ||
I borrowed ''Șinach'' from Irish ''sionnach'' 'fox' because Bjeheond has a fox motif. In-universe it comes from [[Gwnax]] ''Si Wnax'' 'Gwnax town'. | I borrowed ''Șinach'' from Irish ''sionnach'' 'fox' because Bjeheond has a fox motif. In-universe it comes from [[Gwnax]] ''Si Wnax'' 'Gwnax town'. | ||
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* Loss of grammatical gender and construct state | * Loss of grammatical gender and construct state | ||
* Relative clauses use the gap strategy | * Relative clauses use the gap strategy | ||
* As a result of Jespersen's cycle, negation uses a negative absolutive marker '' | * As a result of Jespersen's cycle, negation uses a negative absolutive marker ''jėn'' derived from the Classical connegative determiner ''de''. | ||
* SEA style serial verbs | * SEA style serial verbs | ||
* Emphatic -mik (< miek) | * Emphatic -mik (< miek) | ||
* Tricons is derivational not inflectional | * Tricons is derivational not inflectional | ||
* Initial qo, qu, qů → vo, vu, vů | |||
Modern Netagin people usually have Classical Netagin names | Modern Netagin people usually have Classical Netagin names | ||
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== Lexicon == | == Lexicon == | ||
* ďaccerabaccera (may be stressed as ďáccera báccera) = unintelligible, 'it's all Greek to me' | * ďaccerabaccera (may be stressed as ďáccera báccera) = unintelligible, 'it's all Greek to me' | ||
:: ''Bric ťebari | :: ''Bric ťebari moćel ďáccerabáccera votok.'' (speech religious come unintelligible all) --- "Religious jargon just all sounds like gobbledygook to me." | ||
* '' | * ťebar: religion | ||
* źpůb /spub/: (internet slang) lol | |||
** źxix pkay btuŋ ('laugh immobilize explode') put into transgressive pattern | |||
* CNtg: Pasek ny meav qi ny ďanaj (animal DET cat and DET dog) 'Cats and dogs are animals) | |||
* Šinax: Meav i ďnaj kve kbaš (cat and dog that animal) | |||
== Phonology == | == Phonology == | ||
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* CNtg ''r'' /r/ becomes a uvular approximant [ʁ] | * CNtg ''r'' /r/ becomes a uvular approximant [ʁ] | ||
* ''ť ď'' /t d/ become /ʈ~ʈʂ ɖ~ɖʐ/ | * ''ť ď'' /t d/ become /ʈ~ʈʂ ɖ~ɖʐ/ | ||
* '' | * ''š ź'' /ɕ ʑ/ become non-retracted /s z/, while ''s z'' become /ʂ ʐ/ | ||
* ''ć'' /t͡ɕ/ merges with ''c'' /ts(ret)/ into /t͡ɕ/ | * ''ć'' /t͡ɕ/ merges with ''c'' /ts(ret)/ into /t͡ɕ/ | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Subject pronouns can be omitted when they are clear from context, though Netagin has lost person inflection on verbs. Object pronouns are also much less frequent than in European and Semitic languages. | Subject pronouns can be omitted when they are clear from context, though Netagin has lost person inflection on verbs. Object pronouns are also much less frequent than in European and Semitic languages. For example, 'Where are you going (walking)?' can be ''Nů mů dbe?'' (lit. "thou walk.GO.TELIC where") or ''Mů dbe?'' (which can be used for any subject). | ||
=== Nouns === | === Nouns === | ||
Like Naeng, Șinach Netagin has definite and specific articles. They're both | Like Naeng, Șinach Netagin has definite and specific articles. They're both preposed as in Naeng: | ||
* definite '' | * definite ''ku'' (< kyve 'that') | ||
* specific ''di'' (< dybin 'hither' > 'here') | * specific ''di'' (< dybin 'hither' > 'here') | ||
Plurals are always ''{{ng}}-''. | Plurals are always marked with ''{{ng}}-'', from the CNtg class C plural ''{{ng}}y-''. | ||
=== Prepositions === | === Prepositions === | ||
Šinax Netagin often uses motion verbs instead of prepositions. The CNtg oblique preposition ''my'' is analyzed as part of prepositions, resulting in many prepositions ending in ''-m''. | |||
The CNtg oblique preposition ''my'' is analyzed as part of prepositions, resulting in many prepositions ending in ''-m'' | |||
=== Motion verbs === | === Motion verbs === | ||
Šinax Netagin has inherited Classical Netagin motion verbs essentially unchanged (though some verbs have been lost); motion verbs are required to say "go", "come", "carry", "take" or "bring", as in Slavic. Šinax Netagin motion verbs use forms inherited from the Classical transgressive or ''my'' + verbal noun in some cases. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| to go by foot, to walk | | to go by foot, to walk | ||
| ''mů'' || '' | | ''mů'' || ''moćel'' || ''vaććůl'' || ''vćaćůl'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| to go with a land vehicle<small> | | to go with a land vehicle<small> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| to ride, to mount <small>(trans.)</small> | | to ride, to mount <small>(trans.)</small> | ||
| ''pacůj'' || ''mpacej'' || ''pcůj'' || '' | | ''pacůj'' || ''mpacej'' || ''pcůj'' || ''pcacůj'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| to go in | | to go in | ||
| ''xpůŋ'' || ''maxpeŋ'' || ''xappůŋ'' || ''xpapůŋ'' | | ''xpůŋ'' || ''maxpeŋ'' || ''xappůŋ'' || ''xpapůŋ'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| to go out | | to go out | ||
| '' | | ''bůť'' || ''mabeť'' || ''qabbůť'' || ''babůť'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| to | | to go up | ||
| '' | | ''pkůš'' || ''mapkeš'' || ''pakkůš'' || ''pkakůš'' | ||
|- | |||
| to go down<br/>to fall (of precipitation) | |||
| ''šbůď'' || ''mašbeď'' || ''šabbůď'' || ''šbabůď'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| to run | | to run | ||
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| ''zůr'' || ''mazůr'' || ''zarzor'' || ''zăvavor'' | | ''zůr'' || ''mazůr'' || ''zarzor'' || ''zăvavor'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| to fall | | to fall | ||
| ''nmůj'' || ''manme'' || ''nammůj'' || ''nămamůj'' | | ''nmůj'' || ''manme'' || ''nammůj'' || ''nămamůj'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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== Syntax == | == Syntax == | ||
:'''''Li jėn | wh-in-situ unlike CNtg | ||
:'''''Li jėn šnaz dav rpa{{ng}}, xambe kve lůť.''''' | |||
:1SG NEG obey people other, when that bad | :1SG NEG obey people other, when that bad | ||
:''I do not obey others when it's wrong.'' | :''I do not obey others when it's wrong.'' | ||
: '''''Ku | : '''''Ku kra psasůŋ tpej xpapůŋ ku ja{{ng}} tzy{{ng}}peš.''''' | ||
: DEF raven carry.ATEL.come light enter.ATEL.come DEF house narration | : DEF raven carry.ATEL.come light enter.ATEL.come DEF house narration | ||
: ''The raven brings light into this house of stories.'' | : ''The raven brings light into this house of stories.'' |
Latest revision as of 16:06, 25 August 2024
Šinax Netagin (ku bric Ntahi Šinax; Naeng fi brits Inthăgin Șinach) is the most phonologically conservative and the most widely spoken descendant of Classical Netagin in Tricin; it's spoken in Bjeheond and Raiđluav (especially in Andaegor). It exists in a sprachbund with Nurian, Modern Naeng, Gwnax and other Bjeheondian languages. It has many loans from Classical Netagin in its literary register.
I borrowed Șinach from Irish sionnach 'fox' because Bjeheond has a fox motif. In-universe it comes from Gwnax Si Wnax 'Gwnax town'.
Grammatical changes from Classical Netagin include:
- SAuxVO word order
- Loss of grammatical gender and construct state
- Relative clauses use the gap strategy
- As a result of Jespersen's cycle, negation uses a negative absolutive marker jėn derived from the Classical connegative determiner de.
- SEA style serial verbs
- Emphatic -mik (< miek)
- Tricons is derivational not inflectional
- Initial qo, qu, qů → vo, vu, vů
Modern Netagin people usually have Classical Netagin names
Should drop some final consonants like Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (which has qam > qa 'stand' and emar > ema 'say')
Inspiration: "What if Hebrew evolved further in Mainland Southeast Asia"
Lexicon
- ďaccerabaccera (may be stressed as ďáccera báccera) = unintelligible, 'it's all Greek to me'
- Bric ťebari moćel ďáccerabáccera votok. (speech religious come unintelligible all) --- "Religious jargon just all sounds like gobbledygook to me."
- ťebar: religion
- źpůb /spub/: (internet slang) lol
- źxix pkay btuŋ ('laugh immobilize explode') put into transgressive pattern
- CNtg: Pasek ny meav qi ny ďanaj (animal DET cat and DET dog) 'Cats and dogs are animals)
- Šinax: Meav i ďnaj kve kbaš (cat and dog that animal)
Phonology
"Classical Netagin become Modern Saigon Vietnamese"
Consonants
- CNtg r /r/ becomes a uvular approximant [ʁ]
- ť ď /t d/ become /ʈ~ʈʂ ɖ~ɖʐ/
- š ź /ɕ ʑ/ become non-retracted /s z/, while s z become /ʂ ʐ/
- ć /t͡ɕ/ merges with c /ts(ret)/ into /t͡ɕ/
Vowels
i u ů ė e ă o å a /i ɨ u e ɛ ə o ɔ a/
- unconditional: u > /ï/, ů > /u/
- ie = ė = /e/ but ie sometimes > /i/
- y > /i/, sometimes /ə/
Stress
Stress shift to penult? (to be able to pull a JBA and drop final consonants)
Parts of speech
Pronouns
Șinach Netagin has only one set of pronouns, from the Classical Netagin emphatic pronouns. They do not inflect for case.
1sg | 2sg | 3sg | 1pl | 2pl | 3pl | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
animate | inanimate | |||||
li | nů | naj | nas | ťů | nybi | nus |
Subject pronouns can be omitted when they are clear from context, though Netagin has lost person inflection on verbs. Object pronouns are also much less frequent than in European and Semitic languages. For example, 'Where are you going (walking)?' can be Nů mů dbe? (lit. "thou walk.GO.TELIC where") or Mů dbe? (which can be used for any subject).
Nouns
Like Naeng, Șinach Netagin has definite and specific articles. They're both preposed as in Naeng:
- definite ku (< kyve 'that')
- specific di (< dybin 'hither' > 'here')
Plurals are always marked with ŋ-, from the CNtg class C plural ŋy-.
Prepositions
Šinax Netagin often uses motion verbs instead of prepositions. The CNtg oblique preposition my is analyzed as part of prepositions, resulting in many prepositions ending in -m.
Motion verbs
Šinax Netagin has inherited Classical Netagin motion verbs essentially unchanged (though some verbs have been lost); motion verbs are required to say "go", "come", "carry", "take" or "bring", as in Slavic. Šinax Netagin motion verbs use forms inherited from the Classical transgressive or my + verbal noun in some cases.
Meaning | Telic, "go" | Telic, "come" | Atelic, "go" | Atelic, "come" |
---|---|---|---|---|
to go by foot, to walk | mů | moćel | vaććůl | vćaćůl |
to go with a land vehicle | dlůk | madlek | dalůk | dlalůk |
to ride, to mount (trans.) | pacůj | mpacej | pcůj | pcacůj |
to go in | xpůŋ | maxpeŋ | xappůŋ | xpapůŋ |
to go out | bůť | mabeť | qabbůť | babůť |
to go up | pkůš | mapkeš | pakkůš | pkakůš |
to go down to fall (of precipitation) |
šbůď | mašbeď | šabbůď | šbabůď |
to run | ŋůź | maŋeź | ŋavvůź | ŋvavůź |
to swim | nhůb | manheb | nahůb | nhahůb |
to fly | klůl | maklel | kallůl | kaslůl |
to float on water to go with a small boat, to row |
nvahůt | manvahet | vahůt | vhahůt |
to flow (of a fluid or current) | bhůl | mabhel | bahůl | băhahůl |
to roll | mlůl | mamlel | mallůl | maslůl |
to climb | ďxůp | maďxep | ďaxxůp | ďxaxůp |
to jump | bcůc | mabcec | baccůc | bascůc |
to crawl | zůr | mazůr | zarzor | zăvavor |
to fall | nmůj | manme | nammůj | nămamůj |
to dive, go into water | sdůj | masde | saddůj | sdadůj |
to carry, bring (on foot) | psůŋ | mapseŋ | passůŋ | psasůŋ |
to carry, bring (using a vehicle) (trans.) | dsůp | madsůp | dassůp | dsasůp |
to pull, drag (trans.) | kćůl | makćel | kaćůl | kćacůl |
to drive (an animal or a vehicle), lead | pďů | mapďe | paďďů | pďaďů |
Syntax
wh-in-situ unlike CNtg
- Li jėn šnaz dav rpaŋ, xambe kve lůť.
- 1SG NEG obey people other, when that bad
- I do not obey others when it's wrong.
- Ku kra psasůŋ tpej xpapůŋ ku jaŋ tzyŋpeš.
- DEF raven carry.ATEL.come light enter.ATEL.come DEF house narration
- The raven brings light into this house of stories.