Meraner: Difference between revisions

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===Orthography===
===Orthography===
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{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Meraner fidel orthography
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! Fidel !! Roman. !! IPA
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====Fidel====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!IPA (Roman.)!!{{IPA|ɐ}} (ä)!!{{IPA|u}} (u)!!{{IPA|i}} (i)!!{{IPA|a}} (a)!!{{IPA|e}} (e)!!{{IPA|ɨ/-}} (ï/-)!!{{IPA|o}} (o)!!{{IPA|ʷɐ}} (wä)!!{{IPA|ʷi}} (wi)!!{{IPA|ʷa}} (wa)!!{{IPA|ʷe}} (we)!!{{IPA|ʷɨ/ʷ-}} (wï/w-)
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|h}} (h)
|ሀ||ሁ||ሂ||ሃ||ሄ||ህ||ሆ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|l}} (l)
|ለ||ሉ||ሊ||ላ||ሌ||ል||ሎ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ሏ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp; 
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|h}} (h)
|ሐ||ሑ||ሒ||ሓ||ሔ||ሕ||ሖ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ሗ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|m}} (m)
|መ||ሙ||ሚ||ማ||ሜ||ም||ሞ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ሟ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|s}} (s)
|ሠ||ሡ||ሢ||ሣ||ሤ||ሥ||ሦ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ሧ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|r}} (r)
|ረ||ሩ||ሪ||ራ||ሬ||ር||ሮ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ሯ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|s}} (s)
|ሰ||ሱ||ሲ||ሳ||ሴ||ስ||ሶ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ሷ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʃ}} (sh)
|ሸ||ሹ||ሺ||ሻ||ሼ||ሽ||ሾ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ሿ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
<!--
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʂ}}
|ⶠ||ⶡ||ⶢ||ⶣ||ⶤ||ⶥ||ⶦ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ⶣ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
-->
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|kʼ}} (q)
|ቀ||ቁ||ቂ||ቃ||ቄ||ቅ||ቆ||ቈ||ቊ||ቋ||ቌ||ቍ
|- style="font-size:120%"
<!--
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʁ}}
|ቐ||ቑ||ቒ||ቓ||ቔ||ቕ||ቖ||ቘ||ቚ||ቛ||ቜ||ቝ
|- style="font-size:120%"
-->
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|b}} (b)
|በ||ቡ||ቢ||ባ||ቤ||ብ||ቦ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ቧ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|v}} (v)
|ቨ||ቩ||ቪ||ቫ||ቬ||ቭ||ቮ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ቯ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|t}} (t)
|ተ||ቱ||ቲ||ታ||ቴ||ት||ቶ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ቷ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} (c)
|ቸ||ቹ||ቺ||ቻ||ቼ||ች||ቾ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ቿ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
<!--
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʈʰ}}
|ⶨ||ⶩ||ⶪ||ⶫ||ⶬ||ⶭ||ⶮ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ⶨ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
-->
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|h}} (h)
|ኀ||ኁ||ኂ||ኃ||ኄ||ኅ||ኆ||ኈ||ኊ||ኋ||ኌ||ኍ
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|n}} (n)
|ነ||ኑ||ኒ||ና||ኔ||ን||ኖ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ኗ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ɲ}} (ny)
|ኘ||ኙ||ኚ||ኛ||ኜ||ኝ||ኞ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ኟ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʔ}} (')
|አ<!--(ኧ)-->||ኡ||ኢ||ኣ||ኤ||እ||ኦ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|k}} (k)
|ከ||ኩ||ኪ||ካ||ኬ||ክ||ኮ||ኰ||ኲ||ኳ||ኴ||ኵ
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|x}} (kh)
|ኸ||ኹ||ኺ||ኻ||ኼ||ኽ||ኾ||ዀ||ዂ||ዃ||ዄ||ዅ
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|w}} (w)
|ወ||ዉ||ዊ||ዋ||ዌ||ው||ዎ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʔ}} (')
|ዐ||ዑ||ዒ||ዓ||ዔ||ዕ||ዖ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|z}} (z)
|ዘ||ዙ||ዚ||ዛ||ዜ||ዝ||ዞ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ዟ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʒ}} (zh)
|ዠ||ዡ||ዢ||ዣ||ዤ||ዥ||ዦ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ዧ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
<!--
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʒ}}
|ⶰ||ⶱ||ⶲ||ⶳ||ⶴ||ⶵ||ⶶ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ⶳ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
-->
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|j}} (y)
|የ||ዩ||ዪ||ያ||ዬ||ይ||ዮ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|d}} (d)
|ደ||ዱ||ዲ||ዳ||ዴ||ድ||ዶ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ዷ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|d͡ʒ}} (j)
|ጀ||ጁ||ጂ||ጃ||ጄ||ጅ||ጆ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ጇ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
<!--
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ɖ}}
|ዸ||ዹ||ዺ||ዻ||ዼ||ዽ||ዾ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ዿ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
-->
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ɡ}} (g)
|ገ||ጉ||ጊ||ጋ||ጌ||ግ||ጎ||ጐ||ጒ||ጓ||ጔ||ጕ
|- style="font-size:120%"
<!--
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ŋ}}
|ጘ||ጙ||ጚ||ጛ||ጜ||ጝ||ጞ||ⶓ||ⶔ||ጟ||ⶕ||ⶖ
|- style="font-size:120%"
-->
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|tʼ}} (th)
|ጠ||ጡ||ጢ||ጣ||ጤ||ጥ||ጦ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ጧ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|t͡ʃʼ}} (ch)
|ጨ||ጩ||ጪ||ጫ||ጬ||ጭ||ጮ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ጯ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
<!--
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|ʈʼ}}
|ⶸ||ⶹ||ⶺ||ⶻ||ⶼ||ⶽ||ⶾ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ጯ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
-->
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|pʼ}} (ph)
|ጰ||ጱ||ጲ||ጳ||ጴ||ጵ||ጶ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ጷ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|t͡sʼ}} (ts)
|ጸ||ጹ||ጺ||ጻ||ጼ||ጽ||ጾ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ጿ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|t͡sʼ}} (ts)
|ፀ||ፁ||ፂ||ፃ||ፄ||ፅ||ፆ||colspan="6" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style="font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|f}} (f)
|ፈ||ፉ||ፊ||ፋ||ፌ||ፍ||ፎ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ፏ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|- style= "font-size:120%"
! style="font-size:90%"| {{IPA|p}} (p)
|ፐ||ፑ||ፒ||ፓ||ፔ||ፕ||ፖ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;||ፗ||colspan="2" style="background:#cccccc"|&nbsp;
|-
!IPA (Roman.)!!{{IPA|ɐ}} (ä)!!{{IPA|u}} (u)!!{{IPA|i}} (i)!!{{IPA|a}} (a)!!{{IPA|e}} (e)!!{{IPA|ɨ/-}} (ï/-)!!{{IPA|o}} (o)!!{{IPA|ʷɐ}} (wä)!!{{IPA|ʷi}} (wi)!!{{IPA|ʷa}} (wa)!!{{IPA|ʷe}} (we)!!{{IPA|ʷɨ/ʷ-}} (wï/w-)
|}
===Consonants===
===Consonants===


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==Morphology==
==Morphology==
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
Nouns
Nouns
Adjectives
Adjectives
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Particles
Particles
Derivational morphology
Derivational morphology
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===Nouns===
The plural of nouns is formed with the suffix ''-(ï)s''.
<!--
The marked accusative is formed with the ending ''-(ï)n''.-->
Definiteness is marked with the suffix ''-to'' (masculine) or ''-ta'' (feminine).
===Pronouns===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Meraner personal pronouns
! !! Independent !! Clitic object !! Clitic possessive !! Reflexive
|-
! 1S
| እሜ ''ïme''
| -ም ''-m''
| -ሜ ''-me''
| ሜልሜ ''melme''
|-
! 2S
| እሴ ''ïse''
| -ስ ''-s''
| -ሴ ''-se''
| ሜልሴ ''melse''
|-
! 3SM
| ሁቱ ''hutu''
| -ቶ ''-to''
| -ቱ ''-tu''
| ሜልቱ ''meltu''
|-
! 3SF
| ሁቴ ''hute''
| -ታ ''-ta''
| -ቴ ''-te''
| ሜልቴ ''melte''
|-
! 1P
| እሚን ''ïmin''
| -ማስ ''-mas''
| -ሚን ''-min''
| ሜልሚን ''melmin''
|-
! 2P
| እሲን ''ïsin''
| -ሳስ ''-sas''
| -ሲን ''-sin''
| ሜልሲን ''melsin''
|-
! 3P
| ሁቶን ''huton''
| -ታን ''-tas''
| -ቶን ''-ton''
| ሜልቶን ''melton''
|-
|}
===Numerals===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Meraner numerals
! # !! Cardinal
|-
! 0
| ዜሮ ''zero''
|-
! 1
| ህን ''hïn''
|-
! 2
| ጆ ''jo''
|-
! 3
| ትሪ ''tri''
|-
! 4
| ጠስር ''thässïr''
|-
! 5
| ፐንጥ ''pänth''
|-
! 6
| ህግስ ''hïgs''
|-
! 7
| ህብጣ ''hïbtha''
|-
! 8
| ኦግጦ ''ogtho''
|-
! 9
| እኛ ''ïnya''
|-
! 10
| ደቃ ''däqa''
|-
|}
* Ordinal numbers are formed with the suffix ''-to''.


-->
===Verbs===


==Syntax==
==Syntax==

Latest revision as of 05:13, 2 November 2023

Meraner (/məˈɹɑːnɚ/, native: መራነርኬ märanärke /mɐranɐrke/) is a Hellenic language spoken in East Africa.

Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Fidel

IPA (Roman.) ɐ (ä) u (u) i (i) a (a) e (e) ɨ/- (ï/-) o (o) ʷɐ (wä) ʷi (wi) ʷa (wa) ʷe (we) ʷɨ/ʷ- (wï/w-)
h (h) ሀ ሁ ሂ ሃ ሄ ህ ሆ  
l (l) ለ ሉ ሊ ላ ሌ ል ሎ   ሏ  
h (h) ሐ ሑ ሒ ሓ ሔ ሕ ሖ   ሗ  
m (m) መ ሙ ሚ ማ ሜ ም ሞ   ሟ  
s (s) ሠ ሡ ሢ ሣ ሤ ሥ ሦ   ሧ  
r (r) ረ ሩ ሪ ራ ሬ ር ሮ   ሯ  
s (s) ሰ ሱ ሲ ሳ ሴ ስ ሶ   ሷ  
ʃ (sh) ሸ ሹ ሺ ሻ ሼ ሽ ሾ   ሿ  
kʼ (q) ቀ ቁ ቂ ቃ ቄ ቅ ቆ ቈ ቊ ቋ ቌ ቍ
b (b) በ ቡ ቢ ባ ቤ ብ ቦ   ቧ  
v (v) ቨ ቩ ቪ ቫ ቬ ቭ ቮ   ቯ  
t (t) ተ ቱ ቲ ታ ቴ ት ቶ   ቷ  
t͡ʃ (c) ቸ ቹ ቺ ቻ ቼ ች ቾ   ቿ  
h (h) ኀ ኁ ኂ ኃ ኄ ኅ ኆ ኈ ኊ ኋ ኌ ኍ
n (n) ነ ኑ ኒ ና ኔ ን ኖ   ኗ  
ɲ (ny) ኘ ኙ ኚ ኛ ኜ ኝ ኞ   ኟ  
ʔ (') አ ኡ ኢ ኣ ኤ እ ኦ  
k (k) ከ ኩ ኪ ካ ኬ ክ ኮ ኰ ኲ ኳ ኴ ኵ
x (kh) ኸ ኹ ኺ ኻ ኼ ኽ ኾ ዀ ዂ ዃ ዄ ዅ
w (w) ወ ዉ ዊ ዋ ዌ ው ዎ  
ʔ (') ዐ ዑ ዒ ዓ ዔ ዕ ዖ  
z (z) ዘ ዙ ዚ ዛ ዜ ዝ ዞ   ዟ  
ʒ (zh) ዠ ዡ ዢ ዣ ዤ ዥ ዦ   ዧ  
j (y) የ ዩ ዪ ያ ዬ ይ ዮ  
d (d) ደ ዱ ዲ ዳ ዴ ድ ዶ   ዷ  
d͡ʒ (j) ጀ ጁ ጂ ጃ ጄ ጅ ጆ   ጇ  
ɡ (g) ገ ጉ ጊ ጋ ጌ ግ ጎ ጐ ጒ ጓ ጔ ጕ
tʼ (th) ጠ ጡ ጢ ጣ ጤ ጥ ጦ   ጧ  
t͡ʃʼ (ch) ጨ ጩ ጪ ጫ ጬ ጭ ጮ   ጯ  
pʼ (ph) ጰ ጱ ጲ ጳ ጴ ጵ ጶ   ጷ  
t͡sʼ (ts) ጸ ጹ ጺ ጻ ጼ ጽ ጾ   ጿ  
t͡sʼ (ts) ፀ ፁ ፂ ፃ ፄ ፅ ፆ  
f (f) ፈ ፉ ፊ ፋ ፌ ፍ ፎ   ፏ  
p (p) ፐ ፑ ፒ ፓ ፔ ፕ ፖ   ፗ  
IPA (Roman.) ɐ (ä) u (u) i (i) a (a) e (e) ɨ/- (ï/-) o (o) ʷɐ (wä) ʷi (wi) ʷa (wa) ʷe (we) ʷɨ/ʷ- (wï/w-)

Consonants

Vowels

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Nouns

The plural of nouns is formed with the suffix -(ï)s.

Definiteness is marked with the suffix -to (masculine) or -ta (feminine).

Pronouns

Meraner personal pronouns
Independent Clitic object Clitic possessive Reflexive
1S እሜ ïme -ም -m -ሜ -me ሜልሜ melme
2S እሴ ïse -ስ -s -ሴ -se ሜልሴ melse
3SM ሁቱ hutu -ቶ -to -ቱ -tu ሜልቱ meltu
3SF ሁቴ hute -ታ -ta -ቴ -te ሜልቴ melte
1P እሚን ïmin -ማስ -mas -ሚን -min ሜልሚን melmin
2P እሲን ïsin -ሳስ -sas -ሲን -sin ሜልሲን melsin
3P ሁቶን huton -ታን -tas -ቶን -ton ሜልቶን melton

Numerals

Meraner numerals
# Cardinal
0 ዜሮ zero
1 ህን hïn
2 ጆ jo
3 ትሪ tri
4 ጠስር thässïr
5 ፐንጥ pänth
6 ህግስ hïgs
7 ህብጣ hïbtha
8 ኦግጦ ogtho
9 እኛ ïnya
10 ደቃ däqa
  • Ordinal numbers are formed with the suffix -to.

Verbs

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

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