Primorskian: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|name = Primorskian
|name = Primorskian
|nativename = jãrúmkai lazbu<br>йãру́мкаи лазбу<br>ᛃᚨᚱᚢᛗᚲᚨᛁ ᛚᚨᛉᛒᚢ
|nativename = jãrúmkai lazbu<br />йãру́мкаи лазбу<br />ᛃᚨᚱᚢᛗᚲᚨᛁ ᛚᚨᛉᛒᚢ
|pronunciation =
|setting = [[w:Baltic region|Baltic]], [[w:Northern Europe|Northern Europe]]
|region = [[w:Baltic region|Baltic]], [[w:Northern Europe|Northern Europe]]
|states = Primorskia<br>Kalingrad Oblast, [[w:Russian Federation|Russia]]<br>[[w:Latvia|Latvia]]
|states = Primorskia<br>Kalingrad Oblast, [[w:Russian Federation|Russia]]<br>[[w:Latvia|Latvia]]
|speakers =
|date =
|familycolor = Indo-European  
|familycolor = Indo-European  
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European language family|Indo-European]]
|fam2 = [[w:Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]]
|fam2 = [[w:Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Baltic languages|Baltic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Baltic languages|Baltic]]
|fam4 = Southern Baltic
|fam4 = Southern Baltic
|fam5 =
|ancestor1 = [[w:Proto-Balto-Slavic language|Proto-Balto-Slavic]]
|ancestor = [[w:Proto-Balto-Slavic language|Proto-Balto-Slavic]]<br>[[w:Proto-Balto-Slavic language|Proto-Baltic]]<br>Old Primorskain<br>Middle Primorskian
|ancestor2 = [[w:Proto-Balto-Slavic language|Proto-Baltic]]
|dia1 =  
|ancestor3 = Old Primorskain
|dia2 =  
|ancestor4 = Middle Primorskian
|dia3 =  
|script1        = Latn
|map =
|script2       = Cyrl
|mapcaption    =
|script3       = Runr
|iso1 =
|iso2 =
|iso3 =
|script       = [[w:Latin script|Latin]], [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[w:Runes|Runic]]
|agency       =  
|notice = IPA
|notice = IPA
|creator = User:Chei99
}}
}}
-->


==Introduction==
==Introduction==
Line 77: Line 61:
}}
}}


===Histroy===
===History===
The origin of the language being with the splitting of the [[w:Proto-Balto-Slavic language|Proto-Balto-Slavic]] languages that then branched into Proto-Baltic and Proto-Slavic which the other branched into Proto-West Baltic, Proto-East Baltic and Proto-South Baltic. Like [[w:Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] it is highly conservative but a little bit more than the other, retaning many archaic features only found in classical languages like [[w:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]]. It also shares with Lithuanian the most conservative phonology and morpohlogy in Indo-European languages. However, unlike it's forefathers, Primorskian was actually the first Baltic language to be ever attested, with it's earliest writings go back as far as the mid-10th century, where it was inscribed on Viking runes. The earliest documentation is an manuscript in Old Norse, honoring the peace between Viking lord Arni and Primorskian cheiftain Usarada.
The origin of the language being with the splitting of the [[w:Proto-Balto-Slavic language|Proto-Balto-Slavic]] languages that then branched into Proto-Baltic and Proto-Slavic which the other branched into Proto-West Baltic, Proto-East Baltic and Proto-South Baltic. Like [[w:Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] it is highly conservative but a little bit more than the other, retaning many archaic features only found in classical languages like [[w:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]]. It also shares with Lithuanian the most conservative phonology and morpohlogy in Indo-European languages. However, unlike it's forefathers, Primorskian was actually the first Baltic language to be ever attested, with it's earliest writings go back as far as the mid-10th century, where it was inscribed on Viking runes. The earliest documentation is an manuscript in Old Norse, honoring the peace between Viking lord Arni and Primorskian cheiftain Usarada.


Line 84: Line 68:


In the Middle Ages, it was influenced by Middle Low German, the lingua franca of the Hanseatic Leauge at that time, and by such many loanwords from MLG were common such as "atal" (from MLG ''adel''), "amej" (MLG ''amme'') & "farštu" (MLG ''vorste'') .
In the Middle Ages, it was influenced by Middle Low German, the lingua franca of the Hanseatic Leauge at that time, and by such many loanwords from MLG were common such as "atal" (from MLG ''adel''), "amej" (MLG ''amme'') & "farštu" (MLG ''vorste'') .
Some Finnic influence is present like in the other Baltic languages, both in phonology and grammar. Here is an comparison of the Baltic words for "this","that", "what" and "why" showing that the Finno-Estonians were significant in the development of the Primorskian language.
'''This'''
* Lit. ''tai''
* Lat. ''tas''
* Pri. ''ti''
'''That'''
* Lit. ''kad''
* Lat. ''ka''
* Pri. ''kej''
'''What'''
* Lit. ''ką''
* Lat. ''ko''
* Pri. ''ku''
'''Why'''
* Lit. ''kodėl''
* Lat. ''kādēļ''
* Pri. ''tojka''


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
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[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Indo-European languages]]
[[Category:Indo-European languages]]
[[Category:Balto-Slavic languages]]
[[Category:Baltic languages]]

Latest revision as of 14:06, 14 March 2024

Primorskian
jãrúmkai lazbu
йãру́мкаи лазбу
ᛃᚨᚱᚢᛗᚲᚨᛁ ᛚᚨᛉᛒᚢ
Created byChei99
SettingBaltic, Northern Europe
Native toPrimorskia
Kalingrad Oblast, Russia
Latvia
Indo-European
Early forms
Proto-Balto-Slavic
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Introduction

Primorskian is an Balto-Slavic langauge and part of the Indo-European language family. It is the oldest known Baltic language ever known due to attestations from the 10 century on Viking runes. It is also a bit more conservative than Lithuanian. It had some surviving words and grammar from Proto-Balto-Slavic. It is also the only surviving Southern Baltic language.


Background

Family

Balto-Slavic

Baltic

Primorskian



Latvian



Lithuanian



Prussian †




Slavic
Eastern Slavic

Belarussian



Russian



Ukrainian



Western Slavic

Polish



Czech



Slovak



Kashubian



Upper Sorbian



Lower Sorbian






History

The origin of the language being with the splitting of the Proto-Balto-Slavic languages that then branched into Proto-Baltic and Proto-Slavic which the other branched into Proto-West Baltic, Proto-East Baltic and Proto-South Baltic. Like Lithuanian it is highly conservative but a little bit more than the other, retaning many archaic features only found in classical languages like Sanskrit. It also shares with Lithuanian the most conservative phonology and morpohlogy in Indo-European languages. However, unlike it's forefathers, Primorskian was actually the first Baltic language to be ever attested, with it's earliest writings go back as far as the mid-10th century, where it was inscribed on Viking runes. The earliest documentation is an manuscript in Old Norse, honoring the peace between Viking lord Arni and Primorskian cheiftain Usarada.

The last two lines of this manuscript, however, is in Early Primorskian: ᛬ᚺᚫᛊ᛫ᚢᛉáᚱᚫᛞᚫ᛫ᚲᛟᚱ᛫ᛗᛁᛊᚺ᛫ᚷᛁᛞᚫᚱᚾᚫᚲᛁ "Has Uzārada kor mish gidarnaki" which translates to "For Usarada whom we worship!" and ᛬ᚹᚢᚲ᛫ᚾᛃᚫ᛫ᛁᚹᚫᛊᛏᚫ᛫ᛈᛚᚫᚲᚫᛊᚫ᛫ᛖ᛫ᛗᛖᚱᚫᛞᚫ᛬ "Vuk nja iwasta plakasa e merada" which translates to "May he bring order and peace!" In modern spelling both are: "Hás Uzárada kor miš gídarnaki, Vuk ña iwasta plakasa e měrada!".

In the Middle Ages, it was influenced by Middle Low German, the lingua franca of the Hanseatic Leauge at that time, and by such many loanwords from MLG were common such as "atal" (from MLG adel), "amej" (MLG amme) & "farštu" (MLG vorste) .

Some Finnic influence is present like in the other Baltic languages, both in phonology and grammar. Here is an comparison of the Baltic words for "this","that", "what" and "why" showing that the Finno-Estonians were significant in the development of the Primorskian language.

This

  • Lit. tai
  • Lat. tas
  • Pri. ti

That

  • Lit. kad
  • Lat. ka
  • Pri. kej

What

  • Lit. ką
  • Lat. ko
  • Pri. ku

Why

  • Lit. kodėl
  • Lat. kādēļ
  • Pri. tojka

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

Vowels

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Vocabulary

Indo-European vocabulary

Primorskian, like Lithuanian, retains many loanwords found only in classical languages like Sanskrit and Latin. These words are descended from Proto-Indo-European.

  • Pri. súña, Lith. and Skt. sūnus (son)
  • Pri. ave, Lith. and Skt. avis and Latin ovis (sheep)
  • Pri. túme, Lith. dūmas, Skt. dhūmas and Lat. fumus (fumes, smoke)
  • Pri wilga, Lith. vilkas and Skt. vṛkas (wolf)
  • Pri. nokta, Lith. naktis, Lat. noctes and Skt. naktis (night)
  • Pri. egnu, Lith. ugnis, Lat. ignis and Skt. agni (fire)
  • Pri. věri, Lith. vyras, Lat. vir (a man) and Skt. vīras (man)

Example texts

Other resources

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