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'''Adamic''' (''Ādamya'', pronounced [aːˈdami̯a ]) is a [[Philosophical language|philosophical]] [[ab interiori language]] that consists on naming roots and applying patterns to make them act as a full fledged language. Its name was chosen by the creator, Veno, due the similarity with the narrative of Genesis, where Adam was tasked to name the animals of Eden.
{{Construction}}
 
'''Adamic''' (''Ādamya'', pronounced [aːˈdami̯a ]) is a [[Philosophical language|philosophical]] [[ab interiori language]] that consists on naming roots and applying patterns to make them act as a full fledged means of communication. Its name was chosen due the similarity with the narrative of Genesis, where Adam was tasked to name the animals of Eden<ref>[[De Eloquentia Vulgari]]</ref>.


{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
Line 5: Line 7:
|nativename        = ādamya
|nativename        = ādamya
|pronunciation    = aːˈdami̯a  
|pronunciation    = aːˈdami̯a  
|setting          = Africa
|setting          = Africa (?)
|speakers          = -
|speakers          = -
|date              = 2024
|date              = 2024
|created          = 25000-12000 BC
|created          = 25000-12000 BP
|familycolor      = Pangaean Code
|familycolor      = Pangaean Code
|fam2              = Diluvian Code
|fam2              = Diluvian Code
Line 18: Line 20:


==Introduction==
==Introduction==
The Adamic Code was created to simulate the hypothesis of an [[Afroasiatic]] [[Paleolithic Code]]. Chronologically, the language would be a creole of the [[Pangaean Code]] and the [[Diluvian Code]].
The Adamic Code was created to simulate the hypothesis of an [[Afroasiatic]] [[Paleolithic Code]]. Chronologically, the language would be a creole of the [[Pangaean Code]]<ref>[[Os Códigos]]</ref> and the [[Diluvian Code]]<ref>[[Grammaire Diluvienne]]</ref>.
 


<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
Line 31: Line 34:
-->
-->


<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
==Formulae==
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
The formulae of Adamic are equivalent to acategorics of Pangaean or the syllabaries of Diluvian.
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:


[UNDER CONS...


Syllable structure
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 660px; "
Stress
! colspan="5" style=" text-align: center; "|1. ''testar'': to test
Intonation
|-
! style="text-align: center; width: 132px;"|<u>'''Participles'''</u>
! style="width: 132px; text-align: center;"|Present
| style="width: 132px; background-color: white;"|''X''
! style="width: 132px; text-align: center;"|Past
| style="width: 132px; background-color: white;"|''X''
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Singular</u>
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|Gender →
! style="text-align: center;"|Masculine
! style="text-align: center;"|Feminine
! style="text-align: center;"|Neuter
|-
! rowspan="9" style="text-align: center;"|<u>'''Indicative'''</u>
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Present
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Simple
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Past
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Imperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Perfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Pluperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Future
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Imperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Perfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Conditional</u>
! style="text-align: center;"|Present
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Past
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Imperative</u>
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Plural</u>
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|Gender →
! style="text-align: center;"|Masculine
! style="text-align: center;"|Feminine
! style="text-align: center;"|Neuter
|-
! rowspan="9" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Indicative</u>
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Present
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Simple
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Past
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Imperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Perfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Pluperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Future
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Imperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Perfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Conditional</u>
! style="text-align: center;"|Present
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Past
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Imperative</u>
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
| style="background-color: white;"|''X''
|}


-->
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Sounds===


{| class="wikitable"
====Consonants====
|+ Caption text
 
Adamic has 18 consonants. Slightly less than the 24 consonants of the Diluvian Code.
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 396px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 66px; " |
! style="width: 66px; " |Guttural
! style="width: 66px; " |Coronal
! style="width: 66px; " |Labial
|-
|-
! i iː !! a aː !! u uː
! Sonorant
| {{ref|1|1}}h {{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}ɦ
| l̥ r
| n̥ m
|-
|-
| h H || l r || n m
! Turbulent
| s z
| t͡s {{ref|1|1}}ʔ
| f v
|-
|-
| s z || t͡s ʔ || f v
! Occlusive
| k g
| t d
| p b
|}
 
:{{note|1|1}}Due the arrangement required from the tables, the sounds /h/ and /ɦ/, as well as the sound /ʔ/, are grouped as sonorants and coronal respectively without showing the proper phonetic qualities.
:{{note|2|2}}The sound /ɦ/ ranges from [ɦ], [ʕ], and [ʁ] to [ɣ].
 
The characters used in the orthography are given below.
*/k/ is written ''k''
*/g/ is written ''g''
*/t/ is written ''t''
*/d/ is written ''d''
*/t/ is written ''t''
*/p/ is written ''p''
*/b/ is written ''b''
*/h/ is written ''h''
*/ɦ/ is written ''q''
*/l̥/ is written ''l''
*/r/ is written ''r''
*/s/ is written ''s''
*/z/ is written ''z''
*/t͡s/ is written ''c''
*/ʔ/ is written ''’''
*/f/ is written ''f''
*/v/ is written ''v''
 
====Vowels====
 
Standard Adamic has 6 vowels and 8 possible diphthongs, but optionally, most diphthongs may be forced into monophthongs, resulting in 12 vowels as a whole. In comparison, the Diluvian Code has 10 vowels.
 
{|
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 198px; text-align:center;"
|+Monophthongs
! style="width: 66px; " |
! style="width: 66px; " |Front
! style="width: 66px; " |Center
! style="width: 66px; " |Back
|-
|-
| k g || t d || p b
! Short
| i
| a
| u
|-
! Long
|
| aː
| uː
|}
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 198px; text-align:center;"
|+Diphthongs
! style="width: 66px; " |
! style="width: 66px; " |Front
! style="width: 66px; " |Center
! style="width: 66px; " |Back
|-
! Short
| {{ref|3|3}}<span style="color:red">u̯i</span>
| i̯a u̯a
| {{ref|3|3}}<span style="color:blue">i̯u</span>
|-
! Long
| {{ref|3|3}}<span style="color:red">iu̯</span>
| ai̯ au̯
| {{ref|3|3}}<span style="color:blue">ui̯</span>
|}
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 198px; text-align:center;"
|+Monophtongized Diphthongs
! style="width: 66px; " |
! style="width: 66px; " |Front
! style="width: 66px; " |Center
! style="width: 66px; " |Back
|-
! Short
| e
| <span style="color:blue">ɨ</span> ~ <span style="color:red">ʉ</span>
| o
|-
! Long
| eː
| <span style="color:blue">ɨː</span> ~ <span style="color:red">ʉː</span>
| oː
|}
|}
|}
:{{note|3|3}}In Standard Adamic, the diphthongs /u̯i/ and /ui̯/ together with /i̯u/ and /iu̯/ are allophones, but in the poetic register (Babelic) a difference is made between i-dependent and u-dependent dialects, which choose one of each pair in order to arrive at /ɨ/~/ɨː/ or /ʉ/~/ʉː/.
The characters used in the orthography are given below.
*/i/ without relevant stress is written ''i''
*/a/ without relevant stress is written ''a''
*/u/ without relevant stress is written ''u''
*/i/ with relevant stress is written ''í''
*/a/ with relevant stress is written ''á''
*/u/ with relevant stress is written ''ú''
*/iː/ without relevant stress is written ''ī''
*/aː/ without relevant stress is written ''ā''
*/uː/ without relevant stress is written ''ū''
*/iː/ with relevant stress is written ''î''
*/aː/ with relevant stress is written ''â''
*/uː/ with relevant stress is written ''û''
*/e/ without relevant stress is written ''e''
*/ɨ/~/ʉ/ without relevant stress is written ''y''
*/o/ without relevant stress is written ''o''
*/e/ with relevant stress is written ''é''
*/ɨ/~/ʉ/ with relevant stress is written ''ý''
*/o/ with relevant stress is written ''ó''
*/eː/ without relevant stress is written ''ē''
*/ɨː/~/ʉː/ without relevant stress is written ''ȳ''
*/oː/ without relevant stress is written ''ō''
*/eː/ with relevant stress is written ''ê''
*/ɨː/~/ʉː/ with relevant stress is written ''ŷ''
*/oː/ with relevant stress is written ''ô''
====Pitch Accent====
Although non-morphemic, long vowels tend to carry a rising pitch when stressed, and a falling pitch when unstressed, in order to further distinguish them from plain vowels.
===Meta-Segmentals===
====X====
====X====
====X====
===Supra-Segmentals===
====X====
====X====
====X====
==Taxology==
===Desinencies===
====Affixes====
====Roots====
====Clitics====
===X===
====X====
====X====
====X====
===X===
====X====
====X====
====X====
==Semantics==
===Phememes===
====Phones====


====Morphemes====


====Phonemes====


===Tagmemes===


===Orthography===
====Semes====
===Consonants===


===Vowels===
====Taxemes====
===Prosody===
 
====Stress====
====Sememes====
====Intonation====
 
===Prosodemes===
 
====Glossemes====
 
====Noemes====
 
====Oidemes====


===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
Adamic grammar consists on a reutilization of the primordial and diluvian systems. When the relevant grammatical terms ('''X''') are expressed the same way they are in the Pangaean Code (but within the morphophonological boundaries of Adamic) it is applied the formula '''[[X]=P]A'''; whereas with Diluvian, it is '''[[X]=D]A'''. Furthermore, the identification of the particle ('''Y''') in the configuration of the Adamic Code responsible for the equivalence is represented by '''Y⇒(...Y...)'''.
 
 
 
===Lesson 1===
[[§1.1.1.1]=P]A ∃ C<sub>2</sub>⇒(<X>C<sub>1</sub>V<sub>1</sub>C<sub>2</sub>V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>3</sub><X>).
 
:{|
|-
| colspan="5" | avâla a<span style="color:blue">k</span>u
|-
| -v-'-l->a/a/a/a || a-k-u
|-
| person>∅ || a-<small>DEITIC</small>-<small>NOMINATIVE</small>
|-
| "person" || "that"
|-
| colspan="4" | ''<span style="color:blue">that</span> person''
|}
 
===Lesson 2===
[[§1.1.1.2]=P]A ∃ C<sub>3</sub>⇒(C<sub>1</sub>V<sub>1</sub>C<sub>2</sub>V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>3</sub>).
 
:{|
|-
| colspan="5" | avâla aru<span style="color:blue">k</span>
|-
| -v-'-l->a/a/a/a || a-r-u-k
|-
| person>∅ || a-<small>GENERIC</small>-<small>NOMINATIVE</small>-<small>COMITATIVE</small>
|-
| "person" || "with a"
|-
| colspan="4" | ''<span style="color:blue">with</span> a person''
|}
 
===Lesson 3===
[[§1.1.1.3]=P]A ∃ C<sub>2</sub>∨C<sub>3</sub>⇒(C<sub>1</sub>V<sub>1</sub>C<sub>2</sub>V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>3</sub>).
 
:{|
|-
| colspan="5" | avâla a<span style="color:blue">lk</span>u
|-
| -v-'-l->a/a/a/a || a-lk-u
|-
| person>∅ || a-<small>ALIENATIVE</small>.<small>DEITIC</small>-<small>NOMINATIVE</small>
|-
| "person" || "other next"
|-
| colspan="4" | ''<span style="color:blue">other</span> person <span style="color:blue">next</span> ''
|}
 
===Lesson 4===
[[§1.1.2.1]=P]A ∃ V<sub>1</sub>⇒(C<sub>1</sub>V<sub>1</sub>C<sub>2</sub>V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>3</sub>).
 
:{|
|-
| colspan="5" | avâla <span style="color:blue">i</span>ru
|-
| -v-'-l->a/a/a/a || i-r-u
|-
| person>∅ || the-<small>GENERIC</small>-<small>NOMINATIVE</small>
|-
| "person" || "the"
|-
| colspan="4" | ''<span style="color:blue">the</span> person''
|}
 
===Lesson 5===
[[§1.1.2.2]=D]A ∃ V⇒(V-...-V)
 
:{|
|-
| colspan="5" | avâla iruc<span style="color:blue">ai</span>
|-
| -v-'-l->a/a/a/a || i-r-u(c)-ai
|-
| person>∅ || the-<small>GENERIC</small>-<small>NOMINATIVE</small>-group
|-
| "person" || "the group of"
|-
| colspan="4" | ''the <span style="color:blue">group of</span> people''
|}
 
===Lesson 6===
[[§1.1.2.3]=P]A ∃ V<sub>2</sub>⇒(C<sub>1</sub>VV<sub>1</sub>C<sub>2</sub>VV<sub>2</sub>C<sub>3</sub>)
 
:{|
|-
| colspan="5" | avâla ir<span style="color:blue">a</span>
|-
| -v-'-l->a/a/a/a || i-r-a
|-
| person>∅ || the-<small>GENERIC</small>-<small>ACCUSATIVE</small>
|-
| "person" || "the"
|-
| colspan="4" | ''the person <span style="color:blue">(accusative)</span>''
|}
 
===Lesson 7===
[[§1.1.3.1]=D]A ∃ cV⇒(cV-...-cV)
reduplication?
 
===Lesson 8===
[[''Concentração'']=P]A
 
===Lesson 9===
[[''Distribuição'']=P]A
 
===Lesson 10===
 
===Lesson 11===
 
===Lesson 12===
 
===Lesson 13===
 
===Lesson 14===
 
===Lesson 15===
 
===Lesson 16===
 
===Lesson 17===
 
===Lesson 18===
 
===Lesson 19===
 
===Lesson 20===
 
===Lesson 21===
 
===Lesson 22===
 
===Lesson 23===
 
===Lesson 24===
 
===Lesson 25===
 
===Lesson 26===
 
===Lesson 27===
 
===Lesson 28===
 
===Lesson 29===
 
===Lesson 30===
 
===Lesson 31===
 
===Lesson 32===
 
===Lesson 33===
 
===Lesson 34===
 
===Lesson 35===


===Lesson 36===





Latest revision as of 03:18, 10 November 2024


Adamic (Ādamya, pronounced [aːˈdami̯a ]) is a philosophical ab interiori language that consists on naming roots and applying patterns to make them act as a full fledged means of communication. Its name was chosen due the similarity with the narrative of Genesis, where Adam was tasked to name the animals of Eden[1].

Adamic Code
ādamya
Pronunciation[aːˈdami̯a]
Created byVeno
Date25000-12000 BP
SettingAfrica (?)
Native speakers- (2024)
Pangaean Code
  • Diluvian Code
    • Adamic Code
Early form
Paleolithic Creole
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Introduction

The Adamic Code was created to simulate the hypothesis of an Afroasiatic Paleolithic Code. Chronologically, the language would be a creole of the Pangaean Code[2] and the Diluvian Code[3].



Formulae

The formulae of Adamic are equivalent to acategorics of Pangaean or the syllabaries of Diluvian.

[UNDER CONS...

1. testar: to test
Participles Present X Past X
Singular
Gender → Masculine Feminine Neuter
Indicative Present
Simple X X X
Past
Imperfect X X X
Perfect X X X
Pluperfect X X X
Future
Imperfect X X X
Perfect X X X
Conditional Present X X X
Past X X X
Imperative X X X
Plural
Gender → Masculine Feminine Neuter
Indicative Present
Simple X X X
Past
Imperfect X X X
Perfect X X X
Pluperfect X X X
Future
Imperfect X X X
Perfect X X X
Conditional Present X X X
Past X X X
Imperative X X X

Phonology

Sounds

Consonants

Adamic has 18 consonants. Slightly less than the 24 consonants of the Diluvian Code.

Guttural Coronal Labial
Sonorant [1]h [1][2]ɦ l̥ r n̥ m
Turbulent s z t͡s [1]ʔ f v
Occlusive k g t d p b
^1Due the arrangement required from the tables, the sounds /h/ and /ɦ/, as well as the sound /ʔ/, are grouped as sonorants and coronal respectively without showing the proper phonetic qualities.
^2The sound /ɦ/ ranges from [ɦ], [ʕ], and [ʁ] to [ɣ].

The characters used in the orthography are given below.

  • /k/ is written k
  • /g/ is written g
  • /t/ is written t
  • /d/ is written d
  • /t/ is written t
  • /p/ is written p
  • /b/ is written b
  • /h/ is written h
  • /ɦ/ is written q
  • /l̥/ is written l
  • /r/ is written r
  • /s/ is written s
  • /z/ is written z
  • /t͡s/ is written c
  • /ʔ/ is written
  • /f/ is written f
  • /v/ is written v

Vowels

Standard Adamic has 6 vowels and 8 possible diphthongs, but optionally, most diphthongs may be forced into monophthongs, resulting in 12 vowels as a whole. In comparison, the Diluvian Code has 10 vowels.

Monophthongs
Front Center Back
Short i a u
Long
   
Diphthongs
Front Center Back
Short [3]u̯i i̯a u̯a [3]i̯u
Long [3]iu̯ ai̯ au̯ [3]ui̯
   
Monophtongized Diphthongs
Front Center Back
Short e ɨ ~ ʉ o
Long ɨː ~ ʉː
^3In Standard Adamic, the diphthongs /u̯i/ and /ui̯/ together with /i̯u/ and /iu̯/ are allophones, but in the poetic register (Babelic) a difference is made between i-dependent and u-dependent dialects, which choose one of each pair in order to arrive at /ɨ/~/ɨː/ or /ʉ/~/ʉː/.

The characters used in the orthography are given below.

  • /i/ without relevant stress is written i
  • /a/ without relevant stress is written a
  • /u/ without relevant stress is written u
  • /i/ with relevant stress is written í
  • /a/ with relevant stress is written á
  • /u/ with relevant stress is written ú
  • /iː/ without relevant stress is written ī
  • /aː/ without relevant stress is written ā
  • /uː/ without relevant stress is written ū
  • /iː/ with relevant stress is written î
  • /aː/ with relevant stress is written â
  • /uː/ with relevant stress is written û
  • /e/ without relevant stress is written e
  • /ɨ/~/ʉ/ without relevant stress is written y
  • /o/ without relevant stress is written o
  • /e/ with relevant stress is written é
  • /ɨ/~/ʉ/ with relevant stress is written ý
  • /o/ with relevant stress is written ó
  • /eː/ without relevant stress is written ē
  • /ɨː/~/ʉː/ without relevant stress is written ȳ
  • /oː/ without relevant stress is written ō
  • /eː/ with relevant stress is written ê
  • /ɨː/~/ʉː/ with relevant stress is written ŷ
  • /oː/ with relevant stress is written ô

Pitch Accent

Although non-morphemic, long vowels tend to carry a rising pitch when stressed, and a falling pitch when unstressed, in order to further distinguish them from plain vowels.

Meta-Segmentals

X

X

X

Supra-Segmentals

X

X

X

Taxology

Desinencies

Affixes

Roots

Clitics

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Semantics

Phememes

Phones

Morphemes

Phonemes

Tagmemes

Semes

Taxemes

Sememes

Prosodemes

Glossemes

Noemes

Oidemes

Morphology

Adamic grammar consists on a reutilization of the primordial and diluvian systems. When the relevant grammatical terms (X) are expressed the same way they are in the Pangaean Code (but within the morphophonological boundaries of Adamic) it is applied the formula [[X]=P]A; whereas with Diluvian, it is [[X]=D]A. Furthermore, the identification of the particle (Y) in the configuration of the Adamic Code responsible for the equivalence is represented by Y⇒(...Y...).


Lesson 1

[[§1.1.1.1]=P]A ∃ C2⇒(<X>C1V1C2V2C3<X>).

avâla aku
-v-'-l->a/a/a/a a-k-u
person>∅ a-DEITIC-NOMINATIVE
"person" "that"
that person

Lesson 2

[[§1.1.1.2]=P]A ∃ C3⇒(C1V1C2V2C3).

avâla aruk
-v-'-l->a/a/a/a a-r-u-k
person>∅ a-GENERIC-NOMINATIVE-COMITATIVE
"person" "with a"
with a person

Lesson 3

[[§1.1.1.3]=P]A ∃ C2∨C3⇒(C1V1C2V2C3).

avâla alku
-v-'-l->a/a/a/a a-lk-u
person>∅ a-ALIENATIVE.DEITIC-NOMINATIVE
"person" "other next"
other person next

Lesson 4

[[§1.1.2.1]=P]A ∃ V1⇒(C1V1C2V2C3).

avâla iru
-v-'-l->a/a/a/a i-r-u
person>∅ the-GENERIC-NOMINATIVE
"person" "the"
the person

Lesson 5

[[§1.1.2.2]=D]A ∃ V⇒(V-...-V)

avâla irucai
-v-'-l->a/a/a/a i-r-u(c)-ai
person>∅ the-GENERIC-NOMINATIVE-group
"person" "the group of"
the group of people

Lesson 6

[[§1.1.2.3]=P]A ∃ V2⇒(C1VV1C2VV2C3)

avâla ira
-v-'-l->a/a/a/a i-r-a
person>∅ the-GENERIC-ACCUSATIVE
"person" "the"
the person (accusative)

Lesson 7

[[§1.1.3.1]=D]A ∃ cV⇒(cV-...-cV) reduplication?

Lesson 8

[[Concentração]=P]A

Lesson 9

[[Distribuição]=P]A

Lesson 10

Lesson 11

Lesson 12

Lesson 13

Lesson 14

Lesson 15

Lesson 16

Lesson 17

Lesson 18

Lesson 19

Lesson 20

Lesson 21

Lesson 22

Lesson 23

Lesson 24

Lesson 25

Lesson 26

Lesson 27

Lesson 28

Lesson 29

Lesson 30

Lesson 31

Lesson 32

Lesson 33

Lesson 34

Lesson 35

Lesson 36

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources