Sukkista Isiat

Sukkista Isiat (Sukkistan Kesi/ƽɞϑϑιƽⱶoⱱ ϑ϶ƽι) [sukːistanˑkɛsi] is a language developed by Sihithe Avralte. It is spoken by over 250 million people in the southern cities across the country of Sukkistanas. The language has a limited vocabulary, however in grammar and etymologically it is closely related to Latirdo, the relation can be compared with that of French and Spanish.

Sukkista Isiat ƽɞϑϑιƽⱶoⱱ ϑ϶ƽι
Pronunciation:	sukːistan kɛsi
Spoken in:	Sukkistanas, Tehteluanasta, Leitídua, Sojkyemesten Empire
Total speakers:	273 million
Language family:	Isiat-West
Writing system:	Isialuior Script (ϑɞoⱱo ιƽιoψɞιơɥ)
Official status
Official language in:	Sukkistanas
Language codes
ISO 639-1	skt
ISO 639-2	skt
SIL	skt
See also: Language – Lists of languages

Phonology

Sukkista Isiat phonology is more limited than that of Latirdo in consonants, and uses the alphabet slightly differently (ԇ - [ʏ]; ҧ - [j])

Consonants

	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	p		t d			k
Fricative		v f ð þ	s				h
Affricate			ts
Lateral			l
Tap/flap			ɾ
Approximant	w				j
Nasal	m		n			ŋ
Trill			ʀ

Vowels

VOWELS

	Front	Central	Back
High	i iː	ʏ ʏː	u uː
Mid	ɛ ɛː	ʌ	o oː
Low	æ	a aː

-accented vowels are pronounced twice as long as non-accented

Orthography

	Front	Central	Back
High	i, í	y, ý	u, ú
Mid	e, é	ö	o, ó
Low	ä	a á

	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	p		t d			k
Fricative		v f ð þ	s				h
Affricate			ts
Lateral			l
Tap/flap			r
Approximant	u				j
Nasal	m		n			ng
Trill			rr

Morphology

Sukkista Isiat is a very agglutinative language, attaching concepts such as case, tense, aspect, mood, person, number, diminutives, definiteness, and possession onto nouns and verbs directly via prefixing and suffixing. An example of a word of significant length is ottokjóikojmuruniarkavatielankossoretiteksynýnallekylyhynovomisinarvynsirystäsi? It is a one-word question meaning "if because of us having been not wanting to have been able to crouch them down with the little deciduous forest's plan that used to be ours??"

Grammar

Sukkista Isiat grammar is VERY complicated and irregular, pluralization and conjugation in particular are difficult.

Nouns

Cases

CASE	Singular	Plural	Suffix
Nominative	Lira	Lyrä	none
Accusative	Liras	Lyräs	-s, -es
Genitive	Liran	Lyrän	-n, -en
Comitative	Liralle	Lyrälle	-lle, -alle
Vocative	Lirasses	Lyrässes	-sses, -esses
Locative	Liravu	Lyrävy	-vu, -vy, -uvu, -yvy

Pluralization

Sukkista Isiat goes from singular to plural number by a series of vowel shifts.

a →→→ ä

e →→→ ä

i →→→ y

o →→→ ö

u →→→ y

There are many exceptions however to this rule. Irregularities include the following nouns which pluralize differently...

povi, aþta, aþto, sko, tronse, diva, orumu, liákta, kuoma, hyva, pelepri, tupu, toki, alou, vou, kjou, fi, puiri, lospa, vá, má, kaliká, ilaská, klú, ámeno, hiski, auste, teala, siona, jupa, ahiliákta, juma, dveini, julla, luorenínta, laitu

their plurals are...

pyvä, äþtörä, äþtör, sköjri, äyrä/jörä, dyttä, irymy, lyéktärä, kyäntä, hyttä, päläprytä, tytty, tökrä, alyö, vyö, kyö, fyttärä, pýrtä, löspärä, värtä, märtä, kälykärtä, yläskärtä, klyrtä, ämänör, hyskyrtä, äystärtä, tyälä, syön, ýpä, ähylyéktärä, ýmä, dyväryntärtä, ýllä, lyőränýrtä, lätyä

Diminutives and Augmentatives

diminutive: -eti; lira >> lireti

augmentative: -otu; lira >> lirotu

note: final vowel changed to either e or o

note: genitive + accusative leaves possessor in gen. and possesed object in acc.

note: empowered or dimuned nouns have plurals in -nä, AFTER the suffix is added, so it becomes another word alone

"Nominaccusative"

Nominaccusative is the case used when a noun is both receiving an action and giving one, it is in the nominative and accusative simultaneously, we use the suffix -si to denote this, then conjugate the verb committed by the object with the object

Example: I have a tree that grows. - Lennoin luesi mi luara.

Articles

Sukkista Isiat has many, many articles, one on its own the indefinite is 'ne' and it goes before the noun, then the suffixes for the definite article are as follows...

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	im -ti	ym -ty
Feminine	am -ti	äm -ty
Inanimate	is -ta	ys -tä
Abstract	ikoj-tea	yköj-tä

Verbs

CONJUGATION

Sukkista Isiat has five distinct verb groups: -ava, -eva, -iva, -ova, -uva, and they all conjugate differently, mostly in the perfect and pluperfect tenses and sometimes in internal vowels.

-AVA

↓person↓	Pluperfect	Progressive	Perfect	Past	Recent	Present	Future	Imminent
1sg	mlimieksi	mlimiensa	mlimiesta	mlimienu	mlimienurta	mlimien	mlimienti	mlimientile
2sg	mlimuoksi	mlimuotsa	mlimuosta	mlimuotu	mlimuoturta	mlimuot	mlimuotti	mlimuottile
3sg	mlimaksi	mlimasa	mlimasta	mlimu	mlimarta	mlima	mlimati	mlimatile
1pl	mlimyeksi	mlimyensä	mlimyestä	mlimyeny	mlimyenyrtä	mlimyen	mlimyenti	mlimyentilä
2pl	mlimyöksi	mlimyötsä	mlimyöstä	mlimyöty	mlimyötyrtä	mlimyöt	mlimyötti	mlimyöttilä
3pl	mlimäksi	mlimäsä	mlimästä	mlimy	mlimärtä	mlimä	mlimäti	mlimätilä

regular verb in use: mlimava (to drink)

-EVA

↓person↓	Pluperfect	Progressive	Perfect	Past	Recent	Present	Future	Imminent
1sg	marútéksi	marútensa	marútéin	marúténu	marúténurta	marútén	marúténti	marúténtile
2sg	marútétsi	marútétsa	marútéit	marútétu	marútéturta	marútét	marútétti	marútéttile
3sg	marútési	marútésa	marútéi	marútú	marútérta	marúté	marútéti	marútétile
1pl	marútyeksi	marútyensa	marútyin	marútyeny	marútyenyrtä	marútyen	mlimyenti	marútyentilä
2pl	marútyetsi	marútyetsa	marútyit	marútyety	marútyetyrtä	marútyet	mlimyötti	marútyettilä
3pl	marútevytsi	marútevytsa	marútevyit	marútý	marútévytyrta	marútevyt	marútevytti	marútevyttilä

regular verb in use: marúteva (to translate)

-IVA

↓person↓	Pluperfect	Perfect	Progressive	Past	Recent	Present	Future	Imminent
1sg	kirinsi	kirista	kirinsa	kirinu	kirinurta	kirin	kirinti	kirintile
2sg	kiritsi	kiritta	kiritsa	kiritu	kiriturta	kirit	kiritti	kirittile
3sg	kirísi	kiriasta	kirísa	kirú	kirirta	kirí	kiríti	kirítile
1pl	kirynsi	kirystä	kirynsä	kiryny	kirynyrtä	kiryn	kirynti	kiryntilä
2pl	kirytsi	kiryttä	kiryttä	kiryty	kirytyrtä	kiryt	kirytti	kiryttilä
3pl	kirýsi	kiryästä	kirýsä	kirýhy	kirýrtä	kirý	kirýti	kirýtilä

regular verb in use: kiriva (to attack)

-OVA

↓person↓	Pluperfect	Progressive	Perfect	Past	Recent	Present	Future	Imminent
1sg	ruskonsi	ruskonsa	ruskosta	ruskonu	ruskonurta	ruskon	ruskonti	ruskontili
2sg	ruskotsi	ruskotsa	ruskotta	ruskotu	ruskoturta	ruskot	ruskotti	ruskottili
3sg	ruskoksi	ruskoasa	ruskoasta	ruskou	ruskoarta	ruskoa	ruskoati	ruskoatili
1pl	ruskönsi	ruskönsä	rusköstä	rusköny	ruskönyrtä	ruskön	ruskönti	rusköntili
2pl	ruskötsi	ruskötsä	rusköttä	rusköty	ruskötyrtä	rusköt	ruskötti	rusköttili
3pl	rusköjäksi	rusköjäsä	rusköjästä	rusköjy	rusköjärtä	rusköjä	rusköjäti	rusköjätili

regular verb in use: ruskova (to search, look for)

-UVA

-UVA verbs are conjugated exactly the same way as -OVA verbs, except each internal -o- is replaced with a -u- (-oasta — -uasta)

Irregular Verbs

Although they won't be conjugated here, here is a list of all irregular verbs in Sukkista Isiat:

enneva, aitiva, mieva, lennuva, fereva, vónova, nónova, jupava, hualuva, vintiva, toástava, kuluva, misenuva, noinava, ursava, jorava, luva, tiva, lainiva, novomisenuva, novenneva, lastereva, kotinuva, viniva, ulmava, tiokiva, ovonaitiva, novoaitiva, koaskava, arava

Objects

In Sukkista Isiat, if the object of the verb is direct and a pronoun, it is placed as a suffix. The object suffixes are listed in the Pronouns section. Example: I see, I see you. Ursien, Ursientút

Zero Person

it is formed by putting verb in 3rd person singular conjugation with any tense and mood needed, then adding hyphenated '-ne', meaning 'one' onto the end Example: One cannot think here. Kupivaus-ne étti.

Infinitive

it is the base form of all verbs, in which always ends in VOWEL-va, which must be removed when conjugating Example: We go, To go. Aityän, Aitiva.

Reflection

verbs can reflect their actions back onto their committers by adding the suffix -sse/-ssä Example: He ate, He ate himself. Joru, Jorusse.

Transitive verbs

Transitive verbs transfer their action to the object, with the use of the suffix -ti, which is put after the object, equivalent in english is 'to make' the object do something Example: I sleep, I make you sleep. Toisien, Toisientútti.

Subjunctive Mood

The subjunctive mood in Sukkista Isiat is used to speak of something possible but not concrete, such as 'if I were an astronaut...' and it is denoted with the circumfix ott-i/ot-i note: this mood can be applied to any tense and the circumfix must remain outside Example: You sleep, If you slept. Toisuot, ottoisuoti.

Moods

Mood	Sukkista I.	Translation
Normal indicative	ursien	I see
Interrogative	l(u)ursien	do I see?
Negative	k(u)ursien	I do not see
Willing	h(u)ursien	I want to see
Imperative	ursienurty	I must see
Possible	ursienus	I may/can see
Subjunctive	ottursieni	if I saw

-if moods are to be used together, they are to be attached in the order that they are displayed in the chart.

-moods are indicated AFTER personal and tense conjugation

Pronouns

Personal

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Comitative	Locative
1sg	tie	-tét	tien	ilte	tivu
2sg	tu	-tút	tun	ultu	tuvu
3sg	ta	-tas	táen	alla	tavu
3sg inan.	y	-yres	yren	ylle	juvu
1pl	tye	-tyes	tyen	tyelle	tyevy/tervy
2pl	työ	-tyt	tyn	tylle	tyvy
3pl	tä	-täs	täen	tällä	tävy

-there is no gender distinction in pronouns

Relative

	interrogative	conjunctive	this...	that...	none...	every/all...
PERSON	má	mami	marí	marú	sema	tulma
THING	mé	memi	täjä, täytä	töjä	seme	tulme
TIME	mó	momi	sata, jarmu	orú	semo	tulmo
PLACE	muéla	muélami	étti	ótti, orú	semuéla	tulmuéla
REASON	mirki	mirkimi	mirkí	mirkú	semirki	tulmirki
MEANS	mirika	mirikami	mirikarí	mirikarú	semirika	tulmirika

NOTE ON CONJUNCTIVE: In the conjunctive to say for example "with he who", one would use the conjunctive of person "marmu" and decline the "mar" to "malle" to get "mallemu - with he who", and this can be done with any of them by removing -r and adding -lle (mallemi, mellemi, mirkillemi, muéllemi) this also is done for accusative and other cases (mesmi, masmi, muélasmi).

CASES: Often pronouns are declined, which is done by removing the last vowel and adding -s, which is a fairly simple rule. This chart only shoes the pronouns in their NOMINATIVE form. For example, to say "what are you doing?", the "what" is in the accusative, so mé → mes (mes þuotsa?)

Possessive Pronouns

Although the normal possessive pronouns (shown above) can be used for indicating ownership, the simpler way is to add the following suffixes...

pluperfect perfect progress present future past 1 sg. liraksenín lirastanín lirasanín liranín liratinín lirapunín 2 sg liraksenón lirastanón lirasanón liranón liratinón lirapunón 3 sg liraksana lirastana lirasana lirana liratina lirapuna 1 pl liraksynýn lirastänýn lirasänýn liranýn liratinýn lirapynýn 2 pl liraksynőn lirastänőn lirasänőn liranőn liratinőn lirapynőn 3 pl liraksynä lirastänä lirasänä liranä liratinä lirapynä

Example in use - “lira”, meaning "house"

Note: the different tenses indicate the time in which the noun is possessed

Adjectives

Adjective endings are changed depending on the gender of the noun they describe. Noun classes - or genders - in Sukkista Isiat have adjectives take the following forms...

	Singular	Plural
Animate masc.	lasido	lasirs
Animate fem.	lasivo	lasirs
Inanimate	lasis	lasirs
Abstract	lasisk	lasirs

Adjectives ALWAYS come after their nouns

Nouns Derived from Adjectives

The simple suffix -te can be put on the end of any adjective in its default INANIMATE form to make it a noun possessing the quality denoted by the adjective.

koäis → red

koäiste → "the red one"

these nouns can be declined and pluralized just like any other noun.

Prepositions

Prepositions in Sukkista Isiat work the same way as they do in English. Here are some prepositions...

arvu - into

el - of

malá - away from

kjó - by

alkjó - alongside

ufu - over

novovu -n - under

oksivu -n - next to

noivu (-n) - outside

trúvu (-n) - inside

ar - to

tylä - through

yljä - across

lunta - in terms of

jaska - against

Language Examples

Article one of the Declaration of Rights...

Óm ähör nuolä holjórs ju vartars sástolavu ju kuorimiavu. Fällä malirs tihios ju tissotas, ju sáfikiorunivkualle farässärty.