Dazurian Creole: Difference between revisions

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| speakers2 = '''L2 speakers:''' 210
| speakers2 = '''L2 speakers:''' 210
| minority = [[File:Poccasin.svg|24px]] [[Poccasin Federation]]<br>(as cultural heritage language)
| minority = [[File:Poccasin.svg|24px]] [[Poccasin Federation]]<br>(as cultural heritage language)
| dia1 = Toulanip
| dia2 = Nôr
| dia3 = Pôrsensiran
| notice = ipa
| notice = ipa
}}
}}
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Dazurian Creole emerged from the French colonisation of the island of Saint-Cyran-d'Azur, known to the native [[Kabao]] people of the area as ''Twlanipw'' (eventually lending its name to the town of Toulanipe), in 1745. The island was seized by Britain in 1810 during the Revolutionary Wars, but was returned to France in the Treaty of Paris of 1814. However, financially destitute, France would eventually sell the island back to the British in 1820; the island would remain part of British territory until the independence of the Poccasin Federation in 1961, where it would remain in the new Federation. However, in this period, the growth of the English-based creole language [[Bemé]] both during and after British rule would gradually displace Dazurian Creole as the most widely spoken language on the island; the creole language was designated as endangered in 1988, though linguists estimate that its serious decline probably began at the beginning of the 20th century.
Dazurian Creole emerged from the French colonisation of the island of Saint-Cyran-d'Azur, known to the native [[Kabao]] people of the area as ''Twlanipw'' (eventually lending its name to the town of Toulanipe), in 1745. The island was seized by Britain in 1810 during the Revolutionary Wars, but was returned to France in the Treaty of Paris of 1814. However, financially destitute, France would eventually sell the island back to the British in 1820; the island would remain part of British territory until the independence of the Poccasin Federation in 1961, where it would remain in the new Federation. However, in this period, the growth of the English-based creole language [[Bemé]] both during and after British rule would gradually displace Dazurian Creole as the most widely spoken language on the island; the creole language was designated as endangered in 1988, though linguists estimate that its serious decline probably began at the beginning of the 20th century.


Today, Dazurian Creole is designated as a cultural heritage language by the Poccasin Federation, and is still used in cultural events such as in ''bolôpé'', a coming-of-age ceremony at age 20, as well as in the Papkouron religion, that worships a mythological French "father" (''granpapa'' or ''granpap'''); adherents use Dazurian Creole as a liturgical language to this day.
Today, Dazurian Creole is designated as a cultural heritage language by the Poccasin Federation, and is still used in cultural events such as in ''bolôpé'', a coming-of-age ceremony at age 20, as well as in the Papkouron religion, that worships a mythological French "father" (''granpapa'' or ''granpap'''); adherents use Dazurian Creole as a liturgical language to this day. However, most inhabitants of Saint-Cyran-d'Azur only speak Bemé or [[Poccasin English]] today.
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Line 35: Line 38:
|-
|-
! Fricative
! Fricative
| || '''f''' /f/ || '''s''' /s/ '''z''' /z/ || '''ch''' /ʃ/ '''j''' /ʒ/ || ||
| || '''f''' /f/ || '''s, ç''' /s/ '''z''' /z/ || '''ch''' /ʃ/ '''j''' /ʒ/ || ||
|-
|-
! Trill
! Trill
Line 51: Line 54:
|-
|-
! Close-mid
! Close-mid
| '''é''' /e/ || || '''o''' /o/
| '''é''' /e/ || rowspan=2 | '''e, ë''' /ə/ || '''o''' /o/
|-
|-
! Open-mid
! Open-mid
| '''ê''' /ɛ/ || '''e, ë''' /ə/ || '''ô''' /ɔ/
| '''ê''' /ɛ/ || '''ô''' /ɔ/
|-
|-
! Open
! Open
Line 72: Line 75:
| || || '''an''' /ɑ̃/
| || || '''an''' /ɑ̃/
|}
|}
==Use in Papkouron==
 
Although Dazurian Creole is losing out in favour of [[Bemé]] in everyday use, the language is still regularly used in the context of the religion (sometimes considered a [[w:Cargo cult|cargo cult]]) '''Papkouron'''. In the religion, adherents believe in a Christ-like saviour called the Granpap Kouron (Dazurian Creole: ''Granpap' Kourôn'' [[Help:IPA|[grɑ̃pap kurɔn]]], <small>lit.</small> "Grandfather Crown"), reflecting the now-absent French colonial administration that ruled the island prior to 1820. The religion probably stemmed from collective trauma under British colonial rule, which then conversely lended the French colonial period a nostalgic air; with no Dazurians who lived through the French colonial period left to say otherwise, this colonial nostalgic fever came to a head and formed the Papkouron religion that worshipped what anthropologists seem to believe was a headless Jesus statue, left behind in the remnants of a French Catholic church.
==Grammar==
===Personal pronouns===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
!rowspan=2 | !! colspan=2 | Singular !! colspan=2 | Plural
|-
! Nominative !! Possessive !! Nominative !! Possessive
|-
! First person
| ''mô'' || ''ma'' || ''nou'' || ''nôt'', ''nô''
|-
! Second person
| ''ti'', ''tu'' || ''ta'' || ''ou'' || ''ouôt'', '''ôt''
|-
! Third person
| ''li'' || ''sa'', ''sê'' || ''yé'' || ''lê''', ''lêr''
|}
Most native Dazurian Creole speakers show possession with noun-noun possessum-possessor constructions, so "my grandfather's house" would be ''lamêz ma granpapa'', with a particle such as ''a'' or ''dé'' between ''lamêz'' and ''ma granpapa'' for optional emphasis. Papkouron ''chanté-yé'' always use ''dé'' constructions, as in "''Fis-yé '''dé''' nô Granpapa, dançé dançé ek plêzi''" [[Help:IPA|[fis je de nɔ grɑ̃.pa.pa | dɑ̃.se dɑ̃.se ək plɛ.zi]]] "The children of our ''Granpapa'', dance and dance happily".
===Articles===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Definite
| ''-la'', ''-a'' || ''-yé''
|-
! Indefinite
| ''yan'' || ''yé''
|}
Definite articles work as suffixes of the noun, so ''bo'' "boy" becomes ''bo-la'' "the boy" or ''bo-yé'' "the boys". ''-la'' drops the /l/ after a consonant excluding /j/, so ''bêl'' "girl" becomes ''bêl-a'' "the girl" and ''bêl-yé'' "the girls". Indefinite articles are prepositional, so ''pom'' "apple" becomes ''yan pom'' "an apple" or ''yé pom'' "some apples".
==Vocabulary==
===Swadesh===
{{Swadesh
|nativename=kréyôl
|I=mô
|you (singular)=ti
|he=li
|we=nou
|you (plural)=ou
|they=yé
|this=si
|that=si la
|here=si an
|there=si an la
|who=ki
|what=kô
|where=ouyé
|when=kan
|how=kouman
|not=pa
|all=tou
|many=boukou
|some=kêl
|few=pa boukou
|other=ot
|one=en
|two=dé
|three=tô
|four=kat
|five=sênk
|big=gran
|long=lon
|wide=laj
|thick=êp
|heavy=lou
|small=piti
|short=kou
|narrow=étô
|thin=mêns
|woman=fam
|man (adult male)=om
|man (human being)=om
|child=fis
|wife=bêl
|husband=bo
|mother=maman
|father=papa
|animal=agnimô
|fish=pwasoun
|bird=ouazou
|dog=chyên
|louse=pou
|snake=sêpan
|worm=vê
|tree=lab
|forest=forê
|stick=batoun
|fruit=fouy
|seed=grên
|leaf=fêy
|root=rasin
|bark=ékôr
|flower=flê
|grass=lêb
|rope=kôrd
|skin=po
|meat=vyan
|blood=san
|bone=los
|fat=grês
|egg=lêf
|horn=lakôn
|tail=lakë
|feather=plum
|hair=chebé
|head=krân
|ear=ôréy
|eye=ouy
|nose=lené
|mouth=bouch
|tooth=lédan
|tongue=lang
|fingernail=ong
|foot=pyé
|leg=granpyé
|knee=têt pyé
|hand=man
|wing=zêl
|belly=bant
|guts=trip
|neck=lekou
|back=ledo
|breast=pôtrin
|heart=leker
|liver=fô
|drink=bôré
|eat=manjé
|bite=môrdé
|suck=suçé
|spit=kraché
|vomit=omiré
|blow=souflé
|breathe=souflé
|laugh=riré
|see=vôré
|hear=antandé
|know=sabôé
|think=pansé
|smell=santiyé
|fear=perdé
|sleep=dormé
|live=bibé
|die=mouré
|kill=sasiné
|fight=baté
|hunt=chasé
|hit=baté
|cut=koupé
|split=paré
|stab=gnardé
|scratch=graté
|dig=crezé
|swim=najé
|fly=volé
|walk=maché
|come=vyensié
|lie=mantiyé
|sit=asiyé
|stand=doubouyé
|turn=tourné
|fall=tounbé
|give=priyé
|hold=aoué
|squeeze=tégné
|rub=froté
|wash=labé
|wipe=êsiyé
|pull=tiré
|push=pousé
|throw=jété
|tie=taché
|sew=koudré
|count=konté
|say=diyé
|sing=chanté
|play=jouyé
|float=floté
|flow=koulé
|freeze=jélé
|swell=granjé
|sun=solêy
|moon=lalun
|star=létôl
|water=do
|rain=pli
|river=ribyê
|lake=lelak
|sea=lamê
|salt=lesêl
|stone=kayou
|sand=lesab
|dust=pousyê
|earth=latê
|cloud=gnaj
|fog=brouya
|sky=lésyé
|wind=leban
|snow=lanêj
|ice=glas
|smoke=fumé
|fire=fê
|ashes=sand
|burn=brulé
|road=rout
|mountain=mountagn
|red=rouj
|green=levê
|yellow=jôn
|white=blan
|black=nôr
|night=lagni
|day=jou
|year=lané
|warm=cho
|cold=fô
|full=plên
|new=noubo
|old=vyé
|good=bon
|bad=pa bon
|rotten=pouri
|dirty=sal
|straight=toudô
|round=baloun
|sharp=piké
|dull=pa piké
|smooth=toudou
|wet=mouyé
|dry=tousêk
|correct=zakman
|near=proch
|far=louên
|right=drôt
|left=gôch
|at=ché
|in=dan
|with=êk
|and=êk
|if=êk si
|because=kar
|name=non
}}
===Use in Papkouron===
Although Dazurian Creole is losing out in favour of [[Bemé]] in everyday use, the language is still regularly used in the context of the religion (sometimes considered a [[w:Cargo cult|cargo cult]]) '''Papkouron'''. In the religion, adherents believe in a Christ-like saviour called the Granpap Kouron (Dazurian Creole: ''Granpap' Kourôn'' [[Help:IPA|[grɑ̃pap kurɔn]]], <small>lit.</small> "Grandfather [[w:Kingdom of France|Crown]]"), reflecting the now-absent French colonial administration that ruled the island prior to 1820. The religion probably stemmed from collective trauma under British colonial rule, which then conversely lended the French colonial period a nostalgic air; with no Dazurians who lived through the French colonial period left to say otherwise, this colonial nostalgic fever came to a head and formed the Papkouron religion that worshipped what anthropologists seem to believe was a headless Jesus statue, left behind in the remnants of a French Catholic church.


Papkouron adherents consider Dazurian Creole a [[w:Sacred language|sacred language]]. Various otherwise fairly common words in Dazurian Creole also have specific meanings in Papkouron:
Papkouron adherents consider Dazurian Creole a [[w:Sacred language|sacred language]]. Various otherwise fairly common words in Dazurian Creole also have specific meanings in Papkouron:
Line 101: Line 345:
| ''bolôpé'' || - || a coming-of-age ceremony at age 20 originating in Kabao culture. Can also still be seen on the island of Kabao itself,<br>though it is called {{l|beme|bulopeh}} in Bemé and ''bwlope'' in [[Kabao]]. Most ''bolôpé'' on Saint-Cyran-d'Azur are performed by Papkouron officials.
| ''bolôpé'' || - || a coming-of-age ceremony at age 20 originating in Kabao culture. Can also still be seen on the island of Kabao itself,<br>though it is called {{l|beme|bulopeh}} in Bemé and ''bwlope'' in [[Kabao]]. Most ''bolôpé'' on Saint-Cyran-d'Azur are performed by Papkouron officials.
|-
|-
| ''igliz'' "Papkouron temple, Catholic church" || {{l|fr|église}} "church" || a Papkouron temple, run by a special ''papa'' called a ''bôpapa'' (lit. "godfather")
| ''igliz'' "Papkouron temple, Catholic church" || {{l|fr|église}} "church" || a Papkouron temple, run by a special ''papa'' called a ''bopapa'' (lit. "godfather")
|-
|-
| ''bôpapa'' "godfather" || {{com|fr|nocat=1|beau|papa}} || a ''papa'' that is the head of a Papkouron temple.
| ''bopapa'' "godfather" || {{com|fr|nocat=1|beau|papa}} || a ''papa'' that is the head of a Papkouron temple.
|-
|-
| ''sêmtyêr'' / ''andoua môr'' || {{l|fr|cemetière}} / {{com|fr|nocat=1|endroit|mort}} || a cemetary run by a Papkouron ''igliz''. Due to pre-existing taboos in Dazurian culture to explicitly mention anything related to the dead, these places are often referred to as ''andoua môr'' (lit. place of the dead)
| ''sêmtyêr'' / ''andoua môr'' || {{l|fr|cemetière}} / {{com|fr|nocat=1|endroit|mort}} || a cemetary run by a Papkouron ''igliz''. Due to pre-existing taboos in Dazurian culture to explicitly mention anything related to the dead, these places are often referred to as ''andoua môr'' (lit. place of the dead)
|}
|}
[[Category:Dazurian Creole]] [[Category:Creole languages]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Dazurian Creole]] [[Category:Creole languages]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]]

Latest revision as of 18:12, 21 February 2026

Dazurian Creole
kréyôl dazuryen
Pronunciation[krejɔl dazyrjə̃]
Created byJukethatbox
Date2026
Native toSaint-Cyran-d'Azur
EthnicityDazurians
Native speakers~50 (2026)
L2 speakers: 210
Creole
Dialects
  • Toulanip
  • Nôr
  • Pôrsensiran
Official status
Recognised minority
language in
Poccasin Federation
(as cultural heritage language)
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Dazurian Creole (kréyôl dazuryen, [krejɔl dazyrjə̃]; French: créole de Saint-Cyran-d'Azur [kʁeɔl də sɛ̃ siʁɑ̃ d ͜ azyʁ]), also called Dazurien Creole, Dazur Creole or Saint-Cyran-d'Azur Creole, is an endangered French-based creole language spoken on the island of Saint-Cyran-d'Azur in the Poccasin Federation. It is spoken by only around 50 native speakers, though there have been efforts to revive the language, with a sizeable population of 210 L2 speakers as of 2026.

Dazurian Creole emerged from the French colonisation of the island of Saint-Cyran-d'Azur, known to the native Kabao people of the area as Twlanipw (eventually lending its name to the town of Toulanipe), in 1745. The island was seized by Britain in 1810 during the Revolutionary Wars, but was returned to France in the Treaty of Paris of 1814. However, financially destitute, France would eventually sell the island back to the British in 1820; the island would remain part of British territory until the independence of the Poccasin Federation in 1961, where it would remain in the new Federation. However, in this period, the growth of the English-based creole language Bemé both during and after British rule would gradually displace Dazurian Creole as the most widely spoken language on the island; the creole language was designated as endangered in 1988, though linguists estimate that its serious decline probably began at the beginning of the 20th century.

Today, Dazurian Creole is designated as a cultural heritage language by the Poccasin Federation, and is still used in cultural events such as in bolôpé, a coming-of-age ceremony at age 20, as well as in the Papkouron religion, that worships a mythological French "father" (granpapa or granpap'); adherents use Dazurian Creole as a liturgical language to this day. However, most inhabitants of Saint-Cyran-d'Azur only speak Bemé or Poccasin English today.

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Labiodental Alveolar Postalveolar Velar Palatal
Stop p /p/ b /b/ t /t/ d /d/ k /k/ g /g/
Nasal m /m/ (ɱ) n /n/ (ŋ) gn /ɲ/
Fricative f /f/ s, ç /s/ z /z/ ch /ʃ/ j /ʒ/
Trill r /r/
Approximant ou /w/ l /l/ y /j/

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i /i/ u /y/ ou /u/
Close-mid é /e/ e, ë /ə/ o /o/
Open-mid ê /ɛ/ ô /ɔ/
Open a /a/

Nasal vowels

Front Central Back
Close oun /ũ/
Mid ên /ɛ̃/ en /ə̃/ on /õ/
Open an /ɑ̃/

Grammar

Personal pronouns

Singular Plural
Nominative Possessive Nominative Possessive
First person mô ma nou nôt, nô
Second person ti, tu ta ou ouôt, 'ôt
Third person li sa, sê yé lê', lêr

Most native Dazurian Creole speakers show possession with noun-noun possessum-possessor constructions, so "my grandfather's house" would be lamêz ma granpapa, with a particle such as a or dé between lamêz and ma granpapa for optional emphasis. Papkouron chanté-yé always use dé constructions, as in "Fis-yé dé nô Granpapa, dançé dançé ek plêzi" [fis je de nɔ grɑ̃.pa.pa | dɑ̃.se dɑ̃.se ək plɛ.zi] "The children of our Granpapa, dance and dance happily".

Articles

Singular Plural
Definite -la, -a -yé
Indefinite yan yé

Definite articles work as suffixes of the noun, so bo "boy" becomes bo-la "the boy" or bo-yé "the boys". -la drops the /l/ after a consonant excluding /j/, so bêl "girl" becomes bêl-a "the girl" and bêl-yé "the girls". Indefinite articles are prepositional, so pom "apple" becomes yan pom "an apple" or yé pom "some apples".

Vocabulary

Swadesh



No. English Dazurian Creole
0Dazurian Creolekréyôl
1Imô
2you (singular)ti
3heli
4wenou
5you (plural)ou
6theyyé
7thissi
8thatsi la
9heresi an
10theresi an la
11whoki
12whatkô
13whereouyé
14whenkan
15howkouman
16notpa
17alltou
18manyboukou
19somekêl
20fewpa boukou
21otherot
22oneen
23twodé
24threetô
25fourkat
26fivesênk
27biggran
28longlon
29widelaj
30thickêp
31heavylou
32smallpiti
33shortkou
34narrowétô
35thinmêns
36womanfam
37man (adult male)om
38human beingom
39childfis
40wifebêl
41husbandbo
42mothermaman
43fatherpapa
44animalagnimô
45fishpwasoun
46birdouazou
47dogchyên
48lousepou
49snakesêpan
50wormvê
51treelab
52forestforê
53stickbatoun
54fruitfouy
55seedgrên
56leaffêy
57rootrasin
58barkékôr
59flowerflê
60grasslêb
61ropekôrd
62skinpo
63meatvyan
64bloodsan
65bonelos
66fatgrês
67egglêf
68hornlakôn
69taillakë
70featherplum
71hairchebé
72headkrân
73earôréy
74eyeouy
75noselené
76mouthbouch
77toothlédan
78tonguelang
79fingernailong
80footpyé
81leggranpyé
82kneetêt pyé
83handman
84wingzêl
85bellybant
86gutstrip
87necklekou
88backledo
89breastpôtrin
90heartleker
91liverfô
92drinkbôré
93eatmanjé
94bitemôrdé
95sucksuçé
96spitkraché
97vomitomiré
98blowsouflé
99breathesouflé
100laughriré
101seevôré
102hearantandé
103knowsabôé
104thinkpansé
105smellsantiyé
106fearperdé
107sleepdormé
108livebibé
109diemouré
110killsasiné
111fightbaté
112huntchasé
113hitbaté
114cutkoupé
115splitparé
116stabgnardé
117scratchgraté
118digcrezé
119swimnajé
120flyvolé
121walkmaché
122comevyensié
123liemantiyé
124sitasiyé
125standdoubouyé
126turntourné
127falltounbé
128givepriyé
129holdaoué
130squeezetégné
131rubfroté
132washlabé
133wipeêsiyé
134pulltiré
135pushpousé
136throwjété
137tietaché
138sewkoudré
139countkonté
140saydiyé
141singchanté
142playjouyé
143floatfloté
144flowkoulé
145freezejélé
146swellgranjé
147sunsolêy
148moonlalun
149starlétôl
150waterdo
151rainpli
152riverribyê
153lakelelak
154sealamê
155saltlesêl
156stonekayou
157sandlesab
158dustpousyê
159earthlatê
160cloudgnaj
161fogbrouya
162skylésyé
163windleban
164snowlanêj
165iceglas
166smokefumé
167firefê
168ash
169burnbrulé
170roadrout
171mountainmountagn
172redrouj
173greenlevê
174yellowjôn
175whiteblan
176blacknôr
177nightlagni
178dayjou
179yearlané
180warmcho
181coldfô
182fullplên
183newnoubo
184oldvyé
185goodbon
186badpa bon
187rottenpouri
188dirtysal
189straighttoudô
190roundbaloun
191sharppiké
192dullpa piké
193smoothtoudou
194wetmouyé
195drytousêk
196correctzakman
197nearproch
198farlouên
199rightdrôt
200leftgôch
201atché
202indan
203withêk
204andêk
205ifêk si
206becausekar
207namenon

Use in Papkouron

Although Dazurian Creole is losing out in favour of Bemé in everyday use, the language is still regularly used in the context of the religion (sometimes considered a cargo cult) Papkouron. In the religion, adherents believe in a Christ-like saviour called the Granpap Kouron (Dazurian Creole: Granpap' Kourôn [grɑ̃pap kurɔn], lit. "Grandfather Crown"), reflecting the now-absent French colonial administration that ruled the island prior to 1820. The religion probably stemmed from collective trauma under British colonial rule, which then conversely lended the French colonial period a nostalgic air; with no Dazurians who lived through the French colonial period left to say otherwise, this colonial nostalgic fever came to a head and formed the Papkouron religion that worshipped what anthropologists seem to believe was a headless Jesus statue, left behind in the remnants of a French Catholic church.

Papkouron adherents consider Dazurian Creole a sacred language. Various otherwise fairly common words in Dazurian Creole also have specific meanings in Papkouron:

Dazurian Creole word French term(s) of origin Papkouron meaning
fis "child" fils "son" layman/laywoman
êné "older sibling" aîné "eldest" an apprentice granfis.
granfis "grandchild, elder sibling" grand +‎ fils re-analysed as "great son"; refers to a low-ranking priest
papa "father" papa "dad" an ordained Papkouron priest.
pap' "dad" honorific term for a papa or granfis.
granpap' or granpapa "grandfather" grand +‎ papa shorthand for Granpap' Kourôn
priyê, préyê "house-warming gift" prière "prayer" an offering to the Granpap'. An offering given to a papa as a proxy, although frowned upon,
is allowed and is instead called a demipriyê or demipréyê.
konbêr "prayer" converser "to converse" a prayer to the Granpap'; literally, a conversation with God
chanté "song" chanter "to sing" a religious chant, or mantra; the most basic and common is
Pa-kou-ra or Pô-kou-rô, which functions as the equivalent of "Amen".
Sênsiran "Saint-Cyran-d'Azur" Saint-Cyran-d'Azur name for the guardian deity of the island of Saint-Cyran-d'Azur. Also considered a more "proper" name for the island
than the more common Dazur seen in more colloquial Dazurian Creole and Bemé.
bolôpé - a coming-of-age ceremony at age 20 originating in Kabao culture. Can also still be seen on the island of Kabao itself,
though it is called bulopeh in Bemé and bwlope in Kabao. Most bolôpé on Saint-Cyran-d'Azur are performed by Papkouron officials.
igliz "Papkouron temple, Catholic church" église "church" a Papkouron temple, run by a special papa called a bopapa (lit. "godfather")
bopapa "godfather" beau +‎ papa a papa that is the head of a Papkouron temple.
sêmtyêr / andoua môr cemetière / endroit +‎ mort a cemetary run by a Papkouron igliz. Due to pre-existing taboos in Dazurian culture to explicitly mention anything related to the dead, these places are often referred to as andoua môr (lit. place of the dead)
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