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Pre-Húsnorsk: Difference between revisions

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==History==
==History==
===Name===
===Name===
''"Húsnorsk"'' is believed to originate from Pre-Húsnorsk as ''*hósanorzka'' (note the "hús" is from Old Norse, not Húsnorsk), a term for all the vernacular dialects spoken in the period (roughly 1000AD-1400AD, around the same period as Old Norwegian), eventually coming to refer to the vernacular dialect of the region specifically.
''"Húsnorsk"'' is believed to originate from Pre-Húsnorsk as ''*hōsanorzka'' (note the "hús" is from Old Norse, not Húsnorsk), a term for all the vernacular dialects spoken in the period (roughly 1000AD-1400AD, around the same period as Old Norwegian), eventually coming to refer to the vernacular dialect of the region specifically.


===Development===
===Development===
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#it's not clear if this exists or not, it may have merged with */ø/
#it's not clear if this exists or not, it may have merged with */ø/
==Orthography==
==Orthography==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=21 | Latin orthography of Pre-Húsnorsk
|- style="background:#f2f2f2"
! Phoneme
| /i/
| /iː/
| /e/
| /eː/
| /ɛ/
| /ɛː/
| /y/
| /yː/
| /ø/
| /øː/
| /u/
| /uː/
| /o/
| /oː/
| /ɔ/
| /ɔː/
| /a/
| /aː/
| /øy/
| /ɛi/
|-
! Letter
| i
| ī
| e
| ē
| æ
| ǣ
| y
| ȳ
| ø
| ø̄
| u
| ū
| o
| ō
| ǫ
| ǭ
| a
| ā
| øy
| æi
|- style="background:#f2f2f2"
! Phoneme
| /p/
| /b/
| /m/
| /f/
| /θ/
| /t/
| /d/
| /n/
| /l/
| /s/
| /r/
| /ʝ/
| /j/
| /w/
| /k/
| /ɡ/
| /x/
| [ts]
| /Cː/
|-
! Letter
| p
| b
| m
| f
| þ
| t
| d
| n
| l
| s
| r
| ʀ
| j
| w
| k
| g
| h
| z
| CC
|-
|}
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Umlaut===
===Umlaut===
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The strong/weak distinction for nouns is largely unused in Húsnorsk linguistics.
The strong/weak distinction for nouns is largely unused in Húsnorsk linguistics.


Near the end of the Pre-Húsnorsk, the vocative begins appearing, this is one of the first major cracks in the phonemic spelling system to show up (the retention of root spellings in verbs is considered inconsequential)
====Common patterns====
====Common patterns====
{{Jugsnorsk nouns c-a|avl}}
{{Pre-Húsnorsk nouns m-a|abl}}
{{Jugsnorsk nouns c-a|úv|1l=ú}}
{{Pre-Húsnorsk nouns m-a|ulf}}




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===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Húsnorsk has begun using {{term|-at}} far more often, generalizing it into the negative affix for all verbs. ''-at'' appears as ''-t'' after vowels.
Húsnorsk has begun using {{term|-at}} far more often, generalizing it into the negative affix for all verbs, though typically appearing as ''-t''.


The plural imperative is usually ''-ið'', but it's occasionally seen as ''-að'', the origin of this new suffix is unknown, but likely comes from differentiating it from the subjunctive.
The plural imperative is usually ''-ið'', but it's occasionally seen as ''-að'', the origin of this new suffix is unknown, but likely comes from differentiating it from the subjunctive.
====Strong verbs====
====Strong verbs====
Strong verbs are characterized by ablaut in the past tense forms, rather than the dental suffix of the weak verbs.
Strong verbs are characterized by ablaut in the past tense forms, rather than the dental suffix of the weak verbs. The different classes exist as each has a different characteristic ablaut pattern.




=====Class 1=====
=====Class 1=====
Class 1 is defined by ''-ī-'' in the present and ''-i-'' in the past.
Class 1 is characterized by ''-ē-'' in the present and ''-i-'' in the past.
{{Pre-Húsnorsk verbs s|lem=grīpa|type=1|grīp|grip}}
{{Pre-Húsnorsk verbs s|lem=grēpa|type=1|grēp|grip}}


=====Class 2=====
=====Class 2=====
{{Pre-Húsnorsk verbs s|lem=ljūga|type=2|ljūg|lug}}
Class 2 is characterized by ''-jō-'' in the present and ''-u-'' in the past.
{{Pre-Húsnorsk verbs s|lem=ljōga|type=2|ljōg|lug}}
=====Class 3=====
=====Class 3=====
{{Pre-Húsnorsk verbs s|lem=sykka|type=3|sykk|sukk}}
Class 3 is split into several sub-classes, as there's multiple patterns contained in it. All patterns have ''-u-'' in the indicative past and ''-y-'' in the subjunctive past.
======Class 3-e======
Characterized by ''-e-'' in the present. This ''-e-'' is cognate to Old Norse ''-i-'', the value is likely through a-umlaut, though this is debated.
{{Pre-Húsnorsk verbs s|lem=wedda|type=3-e|wedd|udd|ydd}}
======Class 3-æ======
Characterized by ''-æ-'' in the present.
{{Pre-Húsnorsk verbs s|lem=wænna|type=3-æ|wænn|unn|ynn}}
 
Old Norse ''-ja-'' is also under 3-æ, such as ''bærga'' (Old Norse ''bjarga'')
{{Pre-Húsnorsk verbs s|lem=bærga|type=3-æ|bærg|burg|byrg}}
 
======Class 3-ø======
Characterized by ''-ø-'' in the present. ''-ø-'' is cognate to Old Norse ''-ø-'' and ''-y-''.
 
This first verb is cognate to Old Norse ''þryngva''.
{{Pre-Húsnorsk verbs s|lem=þrøgga|type=3-ø|þrøgg|þrugg|þrygg}}
 
This next verb is cognate with Old Norse ''søkkva''.
{{Pre-Húsnorsk verbs s|lem=søkka|type=3-ø|søkk|sukk|sykk}}
 
=====Class 4=====
=====Class 4=====
=====Class 5=====
=====Class 5=====
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=====Class 7=====
=====Class 7=====
{{Pre-Húsnorsk verbs s|lem=gagga|type=7|gagg|gægg|1i=gægg}}
{{Pre-Húsnorsk verbs s|lem=gagga|type=7|gagg|gægg|1i=gægg}}
====Weak verbs====
====Weak verbs====
Weak verbs are defined by a ''-þ-'' in the past tense, with the forms otherwise identical to the present.
Weak verbs are defined by a ''-þ-'' in the past tense, with the forms otherwise identical to the present.
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This next verb, ''hafa'', is a plain weak.
This next verb, ''hafa'', is a plain weak.
{{Pre-Húsnorsk verbs w|lem=hafa|haf|hafþ}}
{{Pre-Húsnorsk verbs w|lem=hafa|haf|hafþ}}
In Late Pre-Húsnorsk, the conjugations begin shifting further. The most major shift is the collapse of person in the positive active plural.
{{Late Pre-Húsnorsk verbs w|lem=-a|-|-þ|2t=-t|2s=-z}}


====Suppletive verbs====
====Suppletive verbs====
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