Contionary:hava: Difference between revisions

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{{head|jugs|verb|present '''hav-''' or ''''v-''', past '''havð-''' or ''''vð-'''}}
{{head|jugs|verb|present '''hav-''' or ''''v-''', past '''havð-''' or ''''vð-'''}}
#{{lb|jugs|transitive}} to have
#{{lb|jugs|transitive}} to have
#:{{ux|jugs|k''''vu''' <small>(< ęk havu)</small> {{term|fǿða|fǿðu}}|I '''have''' food}}
#:{{ux|jugs|k''''vý''' <small>(< ak havý)</small> {{term|fǿða|fǿðu}}|I '''have''' food}}
##{{lb|jugs|transitive}} to hold, keep
##{{lb|jugs|transitive}} to hold, keep
###{{lb|jugs|transitive}} to withhold
###{{lb|jugs|transitive}} to withhold
#{{lb|jugs|transitive|copulative|with temporary qualities}} to be
#{{lb|jugs|transitive|copulative|with temporary qualities}} to be
#:{{ux|jugs|k''''vu''' {{term|sý|sélā}}!|I''''m''' happy!}}
#:{{ux|jugs|k''''vý''' {{term|sý}}!|I''''m''' happy!}}
#{{lb|jugs|auxiliary|with supine|as -'va}} ''used to form the perfect''
#{{lb|jugs|auxiliary|with supine|as 'va}} ''used to form the perfect''
#:{{ux|jugs|k'átt''''vu'''|I''''ve''' eaten}}
#:{{ux|jugs|k'átt''''vý'''|I''''ve''' eaten}}
=====Usage notes=====
=====Usage notes=====
When used with an adjective, ''{{term|vaja}}'' expresses permanent qualities, whereas ''{{term|hava}}'' expresses temporary qualities.
When used with an adjective, ''{{term|vasa}}'' expresses permanent qualities, whereas ''{{term|hava}}'' expresses temporary qualities. Both ''vasa'' and ''hava'' take a nominative object when used as a copula.


Both ''vaja'' and ''hava'' take a nominative object when used as a copula.
''hava'' is rarely seen in its full form, you will most often encounter it without the initial ''ha-'', in this form, the ''-v-'' is pronounced as [u] before consonants, as in '' 'vt'' [ut].


''hava'' is rarely seen in its full form, especially after vowels, you will most often encounter it without the initial ''ha-'', in this form, the ''-v-'' is pronounced as [u] before consonants, as in '' 'vt'' [ut].
When used in its auxiliary meaning (sense #3), it is placed after another verb in its supine form. It is always shortened here, thus ''átt'vý'', not ''átt havý'' nor ''(ha)vý átt''.
 
When used in its auxiliary meaning (sense #3), it is placed after another verb in its supine form. It is always shortened here, thus ''átt'vu'', ''not'' ''átt havu'' nor ''(ha)vu átt''.
=====Inflection=====
=====Inflection=====
{{Jugsnorsk verbs w|lem=hava|hav|havð}}
{{Jugsnorsk verbs w|lem=hava|hav|havð}}
{{Jugsnorsk verbs w|neg=y|lem=hava|hav|havð}}
{{Jugsnorsk verbs w|neg=y|lem=hava|hav|havð}}
[[category:Contionary]]
[[category:Contionary]]

Latest revision as of 15:05, 31 March 2026

Jugsnorsk

Etymology

Inherited from Varhúsnorsk hava, from Old Norse hafa, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną

Pronunciation

  • (Jugsnorsk) IPA(key): /ˈxa.ʋɐ/; [x-, (h)-], [-ˈɑ.ʋɐ]
("hav-" without vowel) [-ˈɑu̯, -ˈɒu̯]

Verb

hava (present hav- or 'v-, past havð- or 'vð-)

  1. (transitive) to have
    k'vý (< ak havý) fǿðu
    I have food
    1. (transitive) to hold, keep
      1. (transitive) to withhold
  2. (transitive, copulative, with temporary qualities) to be
    k'vý sý!
    I'm happy!
  3. (auxiliary, with supine, as 'va) used to form the perfect
    k'átt'vý
    I've eaten
Usage notes

When used with an adjective, vasa expresses permanent qualities, whereas hava expresses temporary qualities. Both vasa and hava take a nominative object when used as a copula.

hava is rarely seen in its full form, you will most often encounter it without the initial ha-, in this form, the -v- is pronounced as [u] before consonants, as in 'vt [ut].

When used in its auxiliary meaning (sense #3), it is placed after another verb in its supine form. It is always shortened here, thus átt'vý, not átt havý nor (ha)vý átt.

Inflection
Conjugation of hava — positive (weak)
present past future
infinitive hava havða havt'sa
participle havaddi havðj havt'saddi
supine — havt —
active indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive imperative¹ indicative subjunctive imperative
singular havý haví hav havðý havðí havð havt'sý havt'sí havt's
plural havuð havið havað havðuð havðið havðað havt'suð havt'sið havt'sað
mediopassive indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive imperative¹ indicative subjunctive imperative
singular havýsk havísk havsk havðýsk havðísk havðsk havt'sýsk havt'sísk havt'ssk
plural havutsk havitsk havatsk havðutsk havðitsk havðatsk havt'sutsk havt'sitsk havt'satsk

1: past imperative is rare

Conjugation of hava — negative (weak)
present past future
infinitive havat havðat havt'sat
participle havaddit havðjat havt'saddit
supine — havtat —
active indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive imperative¹ indicative subjunctive imperative
singular havýt havít havat havðýt havðít havðat havt'sýt havt'sít havt'sat
plural havuðt haviðt havaðat havðuðt havðiðt havðaðat havt'suðt havt'siðt havt'saðat
mediopassive indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive imperative¹ indicative subjunctive imperative
singular havýska havíska havska havðýska havðíska havðska havt'sýska havt'síska havt'sska
plural havutska havitska havatska havðutska havðitska havðatska havt'sutska havt'sitska havt'satska

1: past imperative is rare

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