Contionary:hava

Jugsnorsk

Etymology

Inherited from Varhúsnorsk hava, from Old Norse hafa, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną

Pronunciation

• (Jugsnorsk) IPA^(key): /ˈxa.ʋɐ/; [x-, (h)-], [-ˈɑ.ʋɐ]

("hav-" without vowel) [-ˈɑu̯, -ˈɒu̯]

Verb

hava (present hav- or 'v-, past havð- or 'vð-)

1. (transitive) to have

   k'vý (< ak havý) fǿðu

   I have food

   1. (transitive) to hold, keep
      1. (transitive) to withhold
2. (transitive, copulative, with temporary qualities) to be

   k'vý sý!

   I'm happy!

3. (auxiliary, with supine, as 'va) used to form the perfect

   k'átt'vý

   I've eaten

Usage notes

When used with an adjective, vasa expresses permanent qualities, whereas hava expresses temporary qualities. Both vasa and hava take a nominative object when used as a copula.

hava is rarely seen in its full form, you will most often encounter it without the initial ha-, in this form, the -v- is pronounced as [u] before consonants, as in 'vt [ut].

When used in its auxiliary meaning (sense #3), it is placed after another verb in its supine form. It is always shortened here, thus átt'vý, not átt havý nor (ha)vý átt.

Inflection

Conjugation of hava — positive (weak)

	present				past				future
infinitive	hava				havða				havt'sa
participle	havaddi				havðj				havt'saddi
supine	—				havt				—
active	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive	imperative¹		indicative	subjunctive	imperative
singular	havý	haví	hav		havðý	havðí	havð		havt'sý	havt'sí	havt's
plural	havuð	havið	havað		havðuð	havðið	havðað		havt'suð	havt'sið	havt'sað
mediopassive	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive	imperative¹		indicative	subjunctive	imperative
singular	havýsk	havísk	havsk		havðýsk	havðísk	havðsk		havt'sýsk	havt'sísk	havt'ssk
plural	havutsk	havitsk	havatsk		havðutsk	havðitsk	havðatsk		havt'sutsk	havt'sitsk	havt'satsk

1: past imperative is rare

Conjugation of hava — negative (weak)

	present				past				future
infinitive	havat				havðat				havt'sat
participle	havaddit				havðjat				havt'saddit
supine	—				havtat				—
active	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive	imperative¹		indicative	subjunctive	imperative
singular	havýt	havít	havat		havðýt	havðít	havðat		havt'sýt	havt'sít	havt'sat
plural	havuðt	haviðt	havaðat		havðuðt	havðiðt	havðaðat		havt'suðt	havt'siðt	havt'saðat
mediopassive	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive	imperative¹		indicative	subjunctive	imperative
singular	havýska	havíska	havska		havðýska	havðíska	havðska		havt'sýska	havt'síska	havt'sska
plural	havutska	havitska	havatska		havðutska	havðitska	havðatska		havt'sutska	havt'sitska	havt'satska

1: past imperative is rare