User:Chrysophylax/Phaselic: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(39 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 5: Line 5:
In the end, I can imagine the Ugaritic Phaselis ending up under the influence of the Dorian hexapolis and having the language die out as Rhodians take-over ~ 700 BCE. This would give me ~ 690 years to develop the colony, of which ~200 years would be shared with Ugarit at its golden age.|sign=[[User:Chrysophylax|Chrysophylax]]|source=Constructed Languages @ Facebook}}
In the end, I can imagine the Ugaritic Phaselis ending up under the influence of the Dorian hexapolis and having the language die out as Rhodians take-over ~ 700 BCE. This would give me ~ 690 years to develop the colony, of which ~200 years would be shared with Ugarit at its golden age.|sign=[[User:Chrysophylax|Chrysophylax]]|source=Constructed Languages @ Facebook}}
===The foundation of the city===
===The foundation of the city===
The location of the future city was traditionally scouted by three captain-sailors who in 1628 BCE took refuge from a particularly fierce storm. They named the peninsula ''šskn.bʔl'' /šaskana baʕlu/ “Ba‘al has prepared” for the natural harbours providing shelter. The area became a favourite rest stop for many sailors and ultimately a refuge for pirates. An expedition from Ugarit in 1397 BCE destroyed the piratical base and construction of some sort appears to have taken place. Seven years later, the ''qrt rḥbt'' /qarîtu raḥabāti/ “City of Amphorae” is mentioned as being founded on the ''šskn.bʕl''.
The location of the future city was traditionally scouted by three captain-sailors who in 1628 BCE took refuge from a particularly fierce storm. They named the peninsula {{ugaritic|𐎌𐎒𐎋𐎐𐎁𐎓𐎍}} ''šskn.bʔl'' /šaskana baʕlu/ “Ba‘al has prepared” for the natural harbours providing shelter. The area became a favourite rest stop for many sailors and ultimately a refuge for pirates. An expedition from Ugarit in 1397 BCE destroyed the pirate base and construction of some sort appears to have taken place. No permanent settlement is recorded until seven years later when the {{ugaritic|𐎖𐎗𐎚 𐎗𐎈𐎁𐎚}} ''qrt rḥbt'' /qarītu raḥabāti/ “City of Amphorae” is mentioned as having been founded on the ''šskn.bʕl'' to “prevent disruption, to provide rest, to prosper trade”.
 
 
===culture===
 
====festival of 𐎓𐎐𐎚 (‘Anatu)====
Competitions in archery, running, axe-throwing. Only young women can compete.


==Writing system==
==Writing system==
The Phaselic native script is a cuneiform abjad derived from the [[wikipedia:Ugaritic alphabet|Ugaritic alphabet]]. Although at first probably the exact same, various changes in the letter forms have occurred throughout the evolution of Phaselic. One major difference is that several of the more exotic graphemes of Ugaritic such as {{ugaritic|𐎝}} {{sc|SU}} do not occur at all.
Note however that the Phaselic writing system is for reasons of convenience represented electronically as being exactly the same as the Ugaritic cuneiform abjad. Thus any typeface supporting Ugaritic will serve to display Phaselic.
Phaselic is written left-to-right and traditionally only has three letters for vowels, whose use is rather restricted {{ugaritic|𐎀 𐎛 𐎜}} a͗ i͗ u͗. Additionally, the letter {{ugaritic|𐎊}} is sometimes used as a mater lectionis for ''i'' and ''ī''.
Vowel and consonant length is not indicated in the native orthography (thus {{ugaritic|𐎁𐎚}} ''bt'' /bittu/ ‘daughter’) but will be represented by macrons for the vowels and repetition of the consonant in the Latin transcription.
{{ugaritic|𐎀}} a͗ {{ugaritic|𐎁}} b {{ugaritic|𐎂}} g  {{ugaritic|𐎃}} ḫ  {{ugaritic|𐎄}} d {{ugaritic|𐎅}} h {{ugaritic|𐎆}} w {{ugaritic|𐎇}} z
{{ugaritic|𐎈}} ḥ {{ugaritic|𐎉}} ṭ {{ugaritic|𐎊}} y {{ugaritic|𐎋}} k {{ugaritic|𐎌}} š {{ugaritic|𐎍}} l
{{ugaritic|𐎎}} m {{ugaritic|𐎏}} ḏ {{ugaritic|𐎐}} n {{ugaritic|𐎑}} ẓ {{ugaritic|𐎒}} s {{ugaritic|𐎓}} ‘
{{ugaritic|𐎔}} p {{ugaritic|𐎕}} ṣ {{ugaritic|𐎖}} q {{ugaritic|𐎗}} r {{ugaritic|𐎘}} ṯ {{ugaritic|𐎙}} ǵ
{{ugaritic|𐎚}} t {{ugaritic|𐎛}} i͗ {{ugaritic|𐎜}} u͗
Although the sound for which {{ugaritic|𐎓}} ‘ stands for (/ʕ/) has disappeared, it is still written. Occasionally where etymologically false.
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Havings its origins as a dialect of Ugaritic, Phaselic broadly shares the same phonological system throughout  most of its early history as Ugaritic proper.
{| class= "wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonants
!colspan="3"| ||Bilabial||Interdental||Dental/alveolar||Sibilant||Palatal||Velar||Pharyngeal||Laryngeal
|-
!colspan="3"|Nasal
|m || n || || || || || ||
|-
!colspan="3" |Plosive
|| p b ||  ||t d tˤ ('''ṭ''') || || || k g kˤ ('''q''') || ||
|-
!colspan="3"|Fricative
| || θ ('''ṯ''') ð ('''ḏ''') ðˤ ('''ẓ''')||  || s̱ ('''s''') z sˤ ('''ṣ''') || || x ('''ḫ''') ɣ ('''ǵ''') || ħ ('''ḥ''') ʕ ('''‘''')|| h ʔ ('''’''')
|-
!colspan="3"|Lateral fricative
|| || || ɬ ('''š''')|| || || || ||
|-
!colspan="3"|Tap
|| || || ɾ || || || || ||
|-
!colspan="3"|Approximant
|| w || || || || j ('''y''') || || ||
|-
!colspan="3"|Lateral approximant
|| || || l || ||  || || ||
|}
The alveolar nasal ''n'' wholly assimilates to the following consonant. E.g. *ʔanta → /ʔatta/, *gintu → /gittu/. This does however not occur across the boundary of verb + suffix, e.g. ytnt /jatanta/ ‘thou hast given (m.)’ not *yatatta.
-later stage-
* ʕ is lost V_C with compensatory lengthening, baʕlu → bālu, e.g. Šaskanabaʕlu → Šaskanabāl(u)
* ʕ merges into ʔ word initially
* ʕ merges into ɤ intervocalically
* ɤ → w / a_
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{{quote|text=“Phaselic” inherited the Ugaritic vowel system of the Proto-Semitic three short vowels a, i, u, and their long counterparts, augmented with ē and ō derived from the diphthongs *ay and *aw. |sign=[[User:Chrysophylax|Chrysophylax]]}}
{{quote|text=“Phaselic” inherited the Ugaritic vowel system of the three short vowels a, i, u, and their long counterparts, augmented with ē and ō derived from the PSem. diphthongs *ay and *aw. |sign=[[User:Chrysophylax|Chrysophylax]]}}
 
 
{| class="nounderlines" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding=0 style="text-align:center; background:transparent;"
|- style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller;"
||
| style="width:60px;" | '''Front'''
| style="width:60px;" | '''Near-front'''
| style="width:60px;" | '''Central'''
| style="width:60px;" | '''Near-back'''
| style="width:60px;" | '''Back'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Close'''
| style="height:210px;" colspan=5 rowspan=7 | <div style="position:relative;width:300px;height:210px;">[[Image:Blank vowel trapezoid.svg|300px]]<div style="background:transparent; position:absolute; top:0px; left:0px;">
{| style="position:relative; width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;"
|-
| style="width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;" |
<!-- CLOSE VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:5%; width:2.33em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
i iː</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:82%; width:3em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">u uː</div>
<!-- NEAR-CLOSE VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:73%; width:2.33em; top:16%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
</div>
<!-- CLOSE-MID VOWELS -->
<!-- MID VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:24.4%; width:2.33em; top:42%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
eː</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:83%; width:2.66em; top:42%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">oː</div>
<!-- OPEN-MID VOWELS -->
<!-- NEAR-OPEN VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:60%; width:2.66em; top:73%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
</div>
<!-- OPEN VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:43%; width:2.66em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
a aː</div>
|}
</div></div>
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Near‑close'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Close‑mid'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Mid'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open‑mid'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Near‑open'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open'''
|}
 
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Pronouns===
====Independent personal pronouns====
{| class=wikitable
|+ Nominative
|-
!colspan=2| Person || singular || dual || plural
|-
|colspan=2|{{sc|1st}}|| ʔanā, ʔanākuna || ʔakkā || ʔanaḥnū
|-
|rowspan=2,colspan=1|{{sc|2nd}}
|{{sc|masculine}}|| ʔatta || ʔattumā || ʔattumu
|-
|{{sc|feminine}}|| ʔatti || ʔattimā || ʔattimu
|-
|rowspan=2,colspan=1|{{sc|3rd}}
|{{sc|masculine}}|| huwa || humā || humū
|-
|{{sc|feminine}}|| hiya || himā || hinnā
|}
{| class=wikitable
|+ Nominative
|-
!colspan=2| Person || singular || dual || plural
|-
|colspan=2|{{sc|1st}}|| {{ugaritic|𐎀𐎐}}, {{ugaritic|𐎀𐎐𐎋𐎐}} ||  {{ugaritic|𐎀𐎋}} || {{ugaritic|𐎀𐎐𐎈𐎐}}
|-
|rowspan=2,colspan=1|{{sc|2nd}}
|{{sc|masculine}}|| {{ugaritic|𐎀𐎚}} || {{ugaritic|𐎀𐎚𐎎}} || {{ugaritic|𐎀𐎚𐎎}}
|-
|{{sc|feminine}}|| {{ugaritic|𐎀𐎚}} || {{ugaritic|𐎀𐎚𐎎}} || {{ugaritic|𐎀𐎚𐎎}}
|-
|rowspan=2,colspan=1|{{sc|3rd}}
|{{sc|masculine}}|| {{ugaritic|𐎅𐎆}} || {{ugaritic|𐎅𐎎}} || {{ugaritic|𐎅𐎎}}
|-
|{{sc|feminine}}|| {{ugaritic|𐎅𐎊}} || {{ugaritic|𐎅𐎎}} || {{ugaritic|𐎅𐎐}}
|}
The oblique/accusative is marked with the suffix -ti, thus {{ugaritic|𐎀𐎐𐎚}} ''a͗nt'' /ʔana:ti/  ‘me’, {{ugaritic|𐎅𐎆𐎚}} ''hwt'' /hiwati/  ‘him’ and so on.
====Dependent personal pronouns====
==Syntax==
==Syntax==
==Lexicon==
Loanwords from Lycian, hulloooo!
Source: Melchert.
* 𐎚𐎊 ty /tay.yi/ [taj.ji] 'thanks'

Latest revision as of 16:55, 14 November 2018

Background

Quote.png
I'm thinking of making the origin story of my consemites as colonialists from Ugarit who settled in what is historically the city of Phaselis in Lycia, Southeastern Anatolia. From NUWP, I gather that Phaselis was founded by colonists from Rhodes in 700 BCE. I was thinking of Ugarit colonising the area by Phaselis ca 1390 BCE, building a harbour town to facilitate maritime trade between Ugarit, Crete, Alashiya.

By mixing in some Lycians and Hittites I could add some fun loans. It would also open up for some of the ships which Ammurapi, the last king of Ugarit, mentions having sent to Lycia to fight of the Sea People invasion, reinforcing my con-Phaselis with people from Ugarit either by defection or by retreat once news of the collapse of Ugarit had spread.

In the end, I can imagine the Ugaritic Phaselis ending up under the influence of the Dorian hexapolis and having the language die out as Rhodians take-over ~ 700 BCE. This would give me ~ 690 years to develop the colony, of which ~200 years would be shared with Ugarit at its golden age.
—Chrysophylax, Constructed Languages @ Facebook

The foundation of the city

The location of the future city was traditionally scouted by three captain-sailors who in 1628 BCE took refuge from a particularly fierce storm. They named the peninsula 𐎌𐎒𐎋𐎐𐎁𐎓𐎍 šskn.bʔl /šaskana baʕlu/ “Ba‘al has prepared” for the natural harbours providing shelter. The area became a favourite rest stop for many sailors and ultimately a refuge for pirates. An expedition from Ugarit in 1397 BCE destroyed the pirate base and construction of some sort appears to have taken place. No permanent settlement is recorded until seven years later when the 𐎖𐎗𐎚 𐎗𐎈𐎁𐎚 qrt rḥbt /qarītu raḥabāti/ “City of Amphorae” is mentioned as having been founded on the šskn.bʕl to “prevent disruption, to provide rest, to prosper trade”.


culture

festival of 𐎓𐎐𐎚 (‘Anatu)

Competitions in archery, running, axe-throwing. Only young women can compete.

Writing system

The Phaselic native script is a cuneiform abjad derived from the Ugaritic alphabet. Although at first probably the exact same, various changes in the letter forms have occurred throughout the evolution of Phaselic. One major difference is that several of the more exotic graphemes of Ugaritic such as 𐎝 SU do not occur at all.

Note however that the Phaselic writing system is for reasons of convenience represented electronically as being exactly the same as the Ugaritic cuneiform abjad. Thus any typeface supporting Ugaritic will serve to display Phaselic.

Phaselic is written left-to-right and traditionally only has three letters for vowels, whose use is rather restricted 𐎀 𐎛 𐎜 a͗ i͗ u͗. Additionally, the letter 𐎊 is sometimes used as a mater lectionis for i and ī.

Vowel and consonant length is not indicated in the native orthography (thus 𐎁𐎚 bt /bittu/ ‘daughter’) but will be represented by macrons for the vowels and repetition of the consonant in the Latin transcription.

𐎀 a͗ 𐎁 b 𐎂 g 𐎃 ḫ 𐎄 d 𐎅 h 𐎆 w 𐎇 z

𐎈 ḥ 𐎉 ṭ 𐎊 y 𐎋 k 𐎌 š 𐎍 l

𐎎 m 𐎏 ḏ 𐎐 n 𐎑 ẓ 𐎒 s 𐎓 ‘

𐎔 p 𐎕 ṣ 𐎖 q 𐎗 r 𐎘 ṯ 𐎙 ǵ

𐎚 t 𐎛 i͗ 𐎜 u͗


Although the sound for which 𐎓 ‘ stands for (/ʕ/) has disappeared, it is still written. Occasionally where etymologically false.

Phonology

Consonants

Havings its origins as a dialect of Ugaritic, Phaselic broadly shares the same phonological system throughout most of its early history as Ugaritic proper.

Consonants
Bilabial Interdental Dental/alveolar Sibilant Palatal Velar Pharyngeal Laryngeal
Nasal m n
Plosive p b t d tˤ (ṭ) k g kˤ (q)
Fricative θ (ṯ) ð (ḏ) ðˤ (ẓ) s̱ (s) z sˤ (ṣ) x (ḫ) ɣ (ǵ) ħ (ḥ) ʕ (‘) h ʔ (’)
Lateral fricative ɬ (š)
Tap ɾ
Approximant w j (y)
Lateral approximant l

The alveolar nasal n wholly assimilates to the following consonant. E.g. *ʔanta → /ʔatta/, *gintu → /gittu/. This does however not occur across the boundary of verb + suffix, e.g. ytnt /jatanta/ ‘thou hast given (m.)’ not *yatatta.

-later stage-

  • ʕ is lost V_C with compensatory lengthening, baʕlu → bālu, e.g. Šaskanabaʕlu → Šaskanabāl(u)
  • ʕ merges into ʔ word initially
  • ʕ merges into ɤ intervocalically
  • ɤ → w / a_

Vowels

Quote.png
“Phaselic” inherited the Ugaritic vowel system of the three short vowels a, i, u, and their long counterparts, augmented with ē and ō derived from the PSem. diphthongs *ay and *aw.
—Chrysophylax


Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
Close
Blank vowel trapezoid.svg
i iː
u uː
eː
oː
a aː
Near‑close
Close‑mid
Mid
Open‑mid
Near‑open
Open

Morphology

Pronouns

Independent personal pronouns

Nominative
Person singular dual plural
1st ʔanā, ʔanākuna ʔakkā ʔanaḥnū
2nd masculine ʔatta ʔattumā ʔattumu
feminine ʔatti ʔattimā ʔattimu
3rd masculine huwa humā humū
feminine hiya himā hinnā
Nominative
Person singular dual plural
1st 𐎀𐎐, 𐎀𐎐𐎋𐎐 𐎀𐎋 𐎀𐎐𐎈𐎐
2nd masculine 𐎀𐎚 𐎀𐎚𐎎 𐎀𐎚𐎎
feminine 𐎀𐎚 𐎀𐎚𐎎 𐎀𐎚𐎎
3rd masculine 𐎅𐎆 𐎅𐎎 𐎅𐎎
feminine 𐎅𐎊 𐎅𐎎 𐎅𐎐


The oblique/accusative is marked with the suffix -ti, thus 𐎀𐎐𐎚 a͗nt /ʔana:ti/ ‘me’, 𐎅𐎆𐎚 hwt /hiwati/ ‘him’ and so on.

Dependent personal pronouns

Syntax

Lexicon

Loanwords from Lycian, hulloooo! Source: Melchert.



  • 𐎚𐎊 ty /tay.yi/ [taj.ji] 'thanks'
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=User:Chrysophylax/Phaselic&oldid=135421"