Tsimulh languages/Lexicon: Difference between revisions

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==Phonology==
==Swadesh==
===Consonants===
take words from Wiobic, must reconstruct from Swuntsim
{{PAGENAME}} changes the voiced series of Proto-Quihum into the aspirated series and loses the velar-uvular distinction in dorsal stops (the latter is like [[Proto-Pfeunic]]).


{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
add some more glottal stops
! colspan="10" | Consonants
{{User:Ceige/Template:Swadesh_list_207_plain|language = Proto-Tsimulh
|-
|wrd001=Sw: ''co'', ''ce-''
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 136px; "|
|wrd002=Sw: ''fo'', ''fe-''
! rowspan="2" style="width: 68px; " |Labial
|wrd003=Sw: ''e-''
! colspan="2" style="width: 136px; " |Coronal
|wrd004=Sw: ''ot'', ''gwe-''
! rowspan="2" style="width: 68px; " |Palatal
|wrd005=Sw: ''tsüσ'', ''tsü-''
! colspan="2" style="width: 136px; " |Velar
|wrd006=Sw: ''tse-'' (animate)
! colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " |Glottal
|wrd007=Sw: ''ba-''
|-
|wrd008=Sw: ''i-''
! style="width:68px;" |<small>central</small>
|wrd009=Sw: ''pe''
! style="width:68px;" |<small>lateral</small>
|wrd010=Sw: ''ife''
! style="width:68px;" |<small>plain</small>
|wrd011=Sw: ''yo''
! style="width:68px;" |<small>labialized</small>
|wrd012=Sw: ''yast''
! style="width:68px;" |<small>plain</small>
|wrd013=Sw: ''yefe''
! style="width:68px;" |<small>labialized</small>
|wrd014=Sw: ''yets''
|-
|wrd015=Sw: ''yeyʔa''
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
|wrd016=Sw: ''σe-''
| m
|wrd017=Sw: ''-cwach''
| n
|wrd018=Sw: ''-zab''
|  
|wrd019=Sw: ''-ʔem''
|  
|wrd020=Sw: ''-nudh''
|  
|wrd021=Sw: ''-chasj''
|  
|wrd022=Sw: ''adh''
|  
|wrd023=Sw: ''fisj''
|  
|wrd024=Sw: ''iyev''
|-
|wrd025=Sw: ''uzon''
! rowspan="3" style=""  |Plosive
|wrd026=Sw: ''tu''
! |<small>tenuis</small>
|wrd027=Sw: ''hoξ''
| p
|wrd028=Sw: ''tayev''
| t
|wrd029=Sw: ''aσun''
|  
|wrd030=Sw: ''oüs''
|  
|wrd031=Sw: ''tjütaσ''
| k
|wrd032=Sw: ''sjedh''
| kʷ
|wrd033=Sw: ''zof''
| ʔ
|wrd034=Sw: ''scwad''
| ʔʷ
|wrd035=Sw: ''veʔidh''
|-
|wrd036=Sw: ''eσü''
! |<small>breathy voiced</small>
|wrd037=Sw: ''etotj''
| bʰ
|wrd038=Sw: ''hüʔe''
| dʰ
|wrd039=Sw: ''ebechw''
|  
|wrd040=Sw: ''esjeσcha''
|  
|wrd041=Sw: ''eyep''
| (gʰ)
|wrd042=Sw: ''emam''
| gʷʰ
|wrd043=Sw: ''epap''
|  
|wrd044=Sw: ''eswed''
|  
|wrd045=Sw: ''büsav''
|-
|wrd046=Sw: ''büfed''
! |<small>ejective</small>
|wrd047=Sw: ''bütsee'' 'dog'
| pʼ
|wrd048=Sw: ''boʔusj''
| tʼ
|wrd049=Sw: ''bücuʔeσ''
|  
|wrd050=Sw: ''büheeʔa''
|  
|wrd051=Sw: ''pewayts''
| kʼ
|wrd052=Sw: ''stsaσ''
| kʷʼ
|wrd053=Sw: ''pevisiσ''
|  
|wrd054=Sw: ''psüy''
|  
|wrd055=Sw: ''ξepi''
|-
|wrd056=Sw: ''yoec''
! colspan="2" style="" |Fricative
|wrd057=Sw: ''peʔesj''
|  
|wrd058=Sw: ''eyve''
| s
|wrd059=Sw: ''pσev''
| ł
|wrd060=Sw: ''pchwit''
| ś
|wrd061=Sw: ''pʔetj''
|  
|wrd062=*gu-σeyem
|  
|wrd063=*-ʔiσ
|<span style="color:gray;">[h~ɦ]</span>
|wrd064=*qwc'ęp'
|
|wrd065=*waξ
|-
|wrd066=*ξ'eyu
! rowspan="3" style="" |Affricate
|wrd067=*qw'e
! |<small>tenuis</small>
|wrd068=*xwįx
|  
|wrd069=*σuʔę
| c
|wrd070=*gwępic
| ƛ
|wrd071=*huχ
| ć
|wrd072=*xwedąχw
|  
|wrd073=*peσa
|  
|wrd074=*guσ
|  
|wrd075=*c'aξi
|  
|wrd076=*pųχ
|-
|wrd077=*siʔqį
! |<small>breathy voiced</small>
|wrd078=*gwaσ
|  
|wrd079=*ʔawem
| ʒʰ
|wrd080=*kec
| λʰ
|wrd081=*caʔekw
| ʒ́ʰ
|wrd082=*-heʔuŋ
|  
|wrd083=*-paʔed
|  
|wrd084=*-gma
|
|wrd085=*-k'ųɢ
|  
|wrd086=*-pxan
|-
|wrd087=*-ktitʼ
! |<small>ejective</small>
|wrd088=*-gęt
|  
|wrd089=*-xineσ
| cʼ
|wrd090=*-nyeʔ
| ƛʼ
|wrd091=*-ʔąt
| ćʼ
|wrd092=*-weʔk
|  
|wrd093=*-ξʼub
|  
|wrd094=*-qʼep
|  
|wrd095=*-pξak
|  
|wrd096=*-paχ
|-
|wrd097=*-xwey
! colspan="2" style="" |Approximant
|wrd098=*-cʼiʔex
|  
|wrd099=*-tmąŋ
|  
|wrd100=*-hibəʔ
| l
|wrd101=*-tuxk
| y
|wrd102=*-σiχ
|  
|wrd103=*-xiy
| w
|wrd104=*-gdəz
|  
|wrd105=*-tęχ
|  
|wrd106=*-tməs
|}
|wrd107=*-bday
 
|wrd108=*-yęd
===Vowels===
|wrd109=*-σeb
{{PAGENAME}} has five short and long monophthongs. There are no diphthongs.
|wrd110=*-qwʼat
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
|wrd111=*-qwʼem
! style="width: 90px; "|
|wrd112=''dionge'', ''djunga''
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
|wrd113=''kʔaz'', ''hak''
! style="width: 90px; " |Central
|wrd114=''hiz'', ''hetj''
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
|wrd115=''kʔiob'', ''dʔaen''
|-
|wrd116=''kaz'', ''tnjok''
! style="" |Close
|wrd117=''-ʔazəʔ''
| '''i''' /i/ '''ī''' /iː/
|wrd118=''-pnąs''
|  
|wrd119=''nkiud'', ''gju''
| '''u''' /u/ '''ū''' /uː/
|wrd120=''nkoup''
|-
|wrd121=*-mʔəσ
! style="" |Mid
|wrd122=*-χwįtʼ
| '''e''' /e/ '''ē''' /eː/
|wrd123=*-kwęσ
|  
|wrd124=*-ciyęʔ
| '''o''' /o/ '''ō''' /oː/
|wrd125=''hwähl''
|-
|wrd126=''hüöz''
! style="" |Open
|wrd127=''þomp''
|  
|wrd128=''ʔieng''
| '''a''' /a/ '''ā''' /aː/
|wrd129=''pʔönj''
|  
|wrd130=''sehf''
|}
|wrd131=*-cʼecʼa
 
|wrd132=''hweil''
===Stress===
|wrd133=''tpahg''
{{PAGENAME}} has penultimate stress like Classical Nahuatl.
|wrd134=''spehm''
 
|wrd135=''pliek''
[[Category:Quihum languages|N]][[Category:Naquic languages|*]]
|wrd136=''luoz''
|wrd137=''nzähm''
|wrd138=''mpuok''
|wrd139=''pthähß''
|wrd140=*-χwap
|wrd141=''wehnt'', ''vjed''
|wrd142=*-txwąp
|wrd143=''þwihl''
|wrd144=''njühnj''
|wrd145=''mpüöleß''
|wrd146=*-qwąk
|wrd147=*-peyec
|wrd148=*-σųt
|wrd149=*-xem
|wrd150=*-tugę
|wrd151=*-kaʔn
|wrd152=*-beʔix
|wrd153=*-mesų
|wrd154=*-ʔącem
|wrd155=*-cwin
|wrd156=*-paʔeʔ
|wrd157=*-cʼiw
|wrd158=*-ξeb
|wrd159=*-ʔęm
|wrd160=*-baneσ
|wrd161=*-są
|wrd162=*-xəŋ
|wrd163=*-cąχw
|wrd164=*-cayʔ
|wrd165=*σi-yum, Sw: ''σipe''
|wrd166=*-tʼam
|wrd167=*-cσəg
|wrd168=*-pʼkʼut
|wrd169=*-mįʔ
|wrd170=*-kęc
|wrd171=*-ʔąg
|wrd172=*-yəkw
|wrd173=*-tʼup
|wrd174=*-sσiχw
|wrd175=*-yagem
|wrd176=''peig''
|wrd177=''Dienz''
|wrd178=''Mohs''
|wrd179=*-mteg
|wrd180=*-zeʔeʔ
|wrd181=-taŋ
|wrd182=''ßiemp''
|wrd183=''honz''
|wrd184=-xweʔ
|wrd185=*-σa
|wrd186=*-muq
|wrd187=''eniedj''
|wrd188=*-pʼiqw
|wrd189=*-psiʔ
|wrd190=''tuonk''
|wrd191=''ähp''
|wrd192=''wihf''
|wrd193=-qwaʔepʼ
|wrd194=*-yemeσ
|wrd195=''üöf''
|wrd196=''hweik''
|wrd197=*-wid
|wrd198=''-ξʼixwę''
|wrd199=*-bdex
|wrd200=*-zix
|wrd201=Sw: ''chwet''
|wrd202=Sw: ''ef''
|wrd203=Sw: ''hedj''
|wrd204=Sw: ''bo''
|wrd205=Sw: ''dhi''
|wrd206=Sw: ''vatev''
|wrd207=Sw: ''tjway''
}}

Latest revision as of 19:46, 11 September 2018

Swadesh

take words from Wiobic, must reconstruct from Swuntsim

add some more glottal stops

No. English Proto-Tsimulh
1 I Sw: co, ce-
2 you (singular) Sw: fo, fe-
3 he Sw: e-
4 we Sw: ot, gwe-
5 you (plural) Sw: tsüσ, tsü-
6 they Sw: tse- (animate)
7 this Sw: ba-
8 that Sw: i-
9 here Sw: pe
10 there Sw: ife
11 who Sw: yo
12 what Sw: yast
13 where Sw: yefe
14 when Sw: yets
15 how Sw: yeyʔa
16 not Sw: σe-
17 all Sw: -cwach
18 many Sw: -zab
19 some Sw: -ʔem
20 few Sw: -nudh
21 other Sw: -chasj
22 one Sw: adh
23 two Sw: fisj
24 three Sw: iyev
25 four Sw: uzon
26 five Sw: tu
27 big Sw: hoξ
28 long Sw: tayev
29 wide Sw: aσun
30 thick Sw: oüs
31 heavy Sw: tjütaσ
32 small Sw: sjedh
33 short Sw: zof
34 narrow Sw: scwad
35 thin Sw: veʔidh
36 woman Sw: eσü
37 man (adult male) Sw: etotj
38 man (human being) Sw: hüʔe
39 child Sw: ebechw
40 wife Sw: esjeσcha
41 husband Sw: eyep
42 mother Sw: emam
43 father Sw: epap
44 animal Sw: eswed
45 fish Sw: büsav
46 bird Sw: büfed
47 dog Sw: bütsee 'dog'
48 louse Sw: boʔusj
49 snake Sw: bücuʔeσ
50 worm Sw: büheeʔa
51 tree Sw: pewayts
52 forest Sw: stsaσ
53 stick Sw: pevisiσ
54 fruit Sw: psüy
55 seed Sw: ξepi
56 leaf Sw: yoec
57 root Sw: peʔesj
58 bark (of a tree) Sw: eyve
59 flower Sw: pσev
60 grass Sw: pchwit
61 rope Sw: pʔetj
62 skin *gu-σeyem
63 meat *-ʔiσ
64 blood *qwc'ęp'
65 bone *waξ
66 fat (noun) *ξ'eyu
67 egg *qw'e
68 horn *xwįx
69 tail *σuʔę
70 feather *gwępic
71 hair *huχ
72 head *xwedąχw
73 ear *peσa
74 eye *guσ
75 nose *c'aξi
76 mouth *pųχ
77 tooth *siʔqį
78 tongue (organ) *gwaσ
79 fingernail *ʔawem
80 foot *kec
81 leg *caʔekw
82 knee *-heʔuŋ
83 hand *-paʔed
84 wing *-gma
85 belly *-k'ųɢ
86 guts *-pxan
87 neck *-ktitʼ
88 back *-gęt
89 breast *-xineσ
90 heart *-nyeʔ
91 liver *-ʔąt
92 to drink *-weʔk
93 to eat *-ξʼub
94 to bite *-qʼep
95 to suck *-pξak
96 to spit *-paχ
97 to vomit *-xwey
98 to blow *-cʼiʔex
99 to breathe *-tmąŋ
100 to laugh *-hibəʔ
101 to see *-tuxk
102 to hear *-σiχ
103 to know *-xiy
104 to think *-gdəz
105 to smell *-tęχ
106 to fear *-tməs
107 to sleep *-bday
108 to live *-yęd
109 to die *-σeb
110 to kill *-qwʼat
111 to fight *-qwʼem
112 to hunt dionge, djunga
113 to hit kʔaz, hak
114 to cut hiz, hetj
115 to split kʔiob, dʔaen
116 to stab kaz, tnjok
117 to scratch -ʔazəʔ
118 to dig -pnąs
119 to swim nkiud, gju
120 to fly nkoup
121 to walk *-mʔəσ
122 to come *-χwįtʼ
123 to lie (as in a bed) *-kwęσ
124 to sit *-ciyęʔ
125 to stand hwähl
126 to turn (intransitive) hüöz
127 to fall þomp
128 to give ʔieng
129 to hold pʔönj
130 to squeeze sehf
131 to rub *-cʼecʼa
132 to wash hweil
133 to wipe tpahg
134 to pull spehm
135 to push pliek
136 to throw luoz
137 to tie nzähm
138 to sew mpuok
139 to count pthähß
140 to say *-χwap
141 to sing wehnt, vjed
142 to play *-txwąp
143 to float þwihl
144 to flow njühnj
145 to freeze mpüöleß
146 to swell *-qwąk
147 sun *-peyec
148 moon *-σųt
149 star *-xem
150 water *-tugę
151 rain *-kaʔn
152 river *-beʔix
153 lake *-mesų
154 sea *-ʔącem
155 salt *-cwin
156 stone *-paʔeʔ
157 sand *-cʼiw
158 dust *-ξeb
159 earth *-ʔęm
160 cloud *-baneσ
161 fog *-są
162 sky *-xəŋ
163 wind *-cąχw
164 snow *-cayʔ
165 ice *σi-yum, Sw: σipe
166 smoke *-tʼam
167 fire *-cσəg
168 ash *-pʼkʼut
169 to burn *-mįʔ
170 road *-kęc
171 mountain *-ʔąg
172 red *-yəkw
173 green *-tʼup
174 yellow *-sσiχw
175 white *-yagem
176 black peig
177 night Dienz
178 day Mohs
179 year *-mteg
180 warm *-zeʔeʔ
181 cold -taŋ
182 full ßiemp
183 new honz
184 old -xweʔ
185 good *-σa
186 bad *-muq
187 rotten eniedj
188 dirty *-pʼiqw
189 straight *-psiʔ
190 round tuonk
191 sharp (as a knife) ähp
192 dull (as a knife) wihf
193 smooth -qwaʔepʼ
194 wet *-yemeσ
195 dry üöf
196 correct hweik
197 near *-wid
198 far -ξʼixwę
199 right *-bdex
200 left *-zix
201 at Sw: chwet
202 in Sw: ef
203 with Sw: hedj
204 and Sw: bo
205 if Sw: dhi
206 because Sw: vatev
207 name Sw: tjway
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