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[[{{PAGENAME}}/Lexicon]]<br/>

[[{{PAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]]<br/>

[[{{PAGENAME}}/Pokédex]]

|setting = Hussmauch

|name = {{PAGENAME}}

|nativename = ''an Thíogall''

|pronunciation=  [ə ˈθiːɡ̊ɤᵝˤ]

|speakers = 125 million

|date = fT 7E0₁₂

|fam4= Tíogallic

'''{{PAGENAME}}''' ({{PAGENAME}}: ''an Tíogall'' /ə ˈtiːɡəʟ/ or ''an ŋgáth dTíogall'' /ə ŋa:θ ˈdiːɡəʟ/ 'the {{PAGENAME}} language'; English: /ˈtiːgəl/ "teagle") is a [[Talmic languages|Talmic language]] inspired by Irish and German. Tíogall is a pluricentric language with a high degree of dialect diversity (namely, it is an official language in two countries, the peninsular [[Verse:Duínidhe|Duínidhe]] with more dialect diversity and the larger [[Verse:Neoibhir|Neoibhir]] with less dialect diversity). With 125 million speakers it's the largest Talmic language in terms of number of speakers. {{PAGENAME}} began as a thought experiment posing the question "What would Irish look like with umlaut instead of palatalization?". Like most modern Talmic languages, {{PAGENAME}} is a descendant of [[Thensarian]]. It is spoken on the west coast of the continent of Cuadhlabh on Hussmauch.

*Thermodynamics vocabulary:

**hot: ''nua'' /ˈnuə/

**cold: ''srabh'' /ˈsɾav/

**temperature:  

**heat: ''nói'' /ˈnøː/ (f.)

**thermodynamics: ''nóidúbha'' /ˈnøːˌdʉːvə/ (f.) [lit. heat-teaching]

**energy: ''fáldoise'' /ˈfɑʟˌdœsə/ (f.) [lit. within-work]

**entropy:  

**waste heat: ''laidhnói'' [ˈʁɛðˌnøː] (f.) [lit. away-heat]

*Translate Haggadah (as exercise)

*Affixes:

**''-te/-the/-ta/tha''

*''-án'', ''-áin'': derives adjectives

*^B - [[{{PAGENAME}}#Addition_of_the_b-prefix|b-prefixation]]

[[File:Talmic cursive script.png|thumbnail|Talmic script, used for writing {{PAGENAME}}|750px]]

{{PAGENAME}} is written in the Talmic cursive script, which is written from left to right. The letters ''j'' /j/ and ''v'' /v/ are not used except in [[Netagin]] and other loanwords. The letter ''h'' is used for lenition as in Irish. So the {{PAGENAME}} alphabet is usually considered to have 20 letters (''r d z i a f m g t h b s o ŋ p l n e u c'') (digraphs and length diacritics are not counted).

The native orthography is extremely conservative and in part reflects Old {{PAGENAME}} pronunciation. The native spelling also uses {{angbr|''ll, nn, ŋŋ, rr''}}.

===Thensarian to Old Tíogall===

In stressed syllables: ''a e i o u á é í ó ú ae ao eá eo iú oí uí'' >

*before a syllable with no e/ē/i/ī: ''a ea io o u á éa ío ó ú ae ao eá eó iú oío uío''

===Old Tíogall to Modern Tíogall===

*/oː uː/ front to /ɵː ʉː/ except before /l/

The following describes Tíogall as spoken in ''Smeola'', the capital of Duínidhe which is often considered the "Duínidhe accent".

Primary stress usually falls on the first syllable, except for some inflected prepositions.

{{PAGENAME}} has a relatively average consonant inventory of around 25 consonants. The phonology is unusual for distinguishing lateral consonants in fricatives but not in liquids.

| m  

| n

|colspan="2"| ŋ~ɴ ||  

| p  

| t

| tʃ

|colspan="2"| k~q || (ʔ)

| b

| d

| dʒ

|colspan="2"| g~ɢ ||

| f  

| θ  

| x || ||

| v  

| ð  

| ɣ || ||

!rowspan="2"|Non-spirant

| s  

| ʃ || ||  

| h

| z || || || ||

| ɾ~ɺ~l || ||  

| ʁ~ʟ ||

| w ||  

| j ||  

*Étaoin {{PAGENAME}} has a form of Auslautverhärtung: voicing is neutralized for word-final stops.

*/w/ is a labiovelar approximant [ɰʷ] with the vocalic quality of [u].

*The coronal liquid has 3 allophones broadly:

*/ŋ, k, g/ are usually velar [ŋ, k, g], but are often labialized pharyngealized uvular [qʷ, qʷˁ, ɢʷˁ] next to /ʀ~ʟ/. /kʀ/ becomes an affricate or a trilled affricate [qχ].

*The uvular liquid /ɢ̆~ʟ/:

**The allophone occuring before vowels is a pharyngealized uvular flap [ɢ̆ᵝˤ] in careful speech which devoices to [χᵝˤ] after an aspirate or another fricative. In casual speech it tends to become an approximant [ʁᵝ] or velar [ɰᵝ].

**The allophone occuring before consonants is phonetically a pharyngealized uvular approximant with compressed rounding [ʁ̞ᵝˤ~ʁ̠̞ᵝ]; the vocalic quality resembles [ɤ]. It is similar to the Philadelphia English vocalized L. This allophone will be transcribed as /ʟ/ for convenience.

*After a vowel, /ɣ/ disappears with compensatory lengthening of the vowel if the vowel is short. (Unless the /ɣ/ begins a stressed syllable.)

Certain accents and dialects preserve to varying degrees the Old {{PAGENAME}} distinction between fortis and lenis resonants: /l L n N r R/. In fact, the Tumacaimh dialect has:

!''m''!!''p''!!''b''!!''f''!!''n''!!''t''!!''d''!!''s''^*!!''z''!!''r''!!''ŋ''!!''c''!!''g''!!''l''!!''h''!!''0''

|/w/||/f/||/v/||/h/

^*The clusters ''sp'', ''st'', ''sc'' do not mutate.

{{PAGENAME}} has a vowel system with a complexity comparable to that of German, with 7 basic vowel qualities, vowel length, and the effects of L-vocalization.

! colspan="2" |Back

! style=" " |<small>rounded</small>

|

| [ə]

Diphthongs: /iə yə uə aw ɛj ɛw œj œw eːj eːw øːj øːw iəw yəw uəj/

A hiatus between a root vowel and a schwa is written '''h''' in this article's orthography (Note /h/ is not allowed word-medially).

Accents that are ''lambdic'' may realize the /ʟ/ in one of several ways (pharyngealization, nasalization, [ɴ], [ʀ]). ''Non-lambdic'' accents are those in which vocalization of ''l'' after vowels is complete; the L-colored vowels display no secondary articulation.

*/aː/ is central unrounded [äː] ([[Media:Tigall_á.ogg|listen]]).

*/ɐ/ is near-open central unrounded [ɐ] ([[Media:Tigall_a.ogg|listen]]).

Allowed initial clusters in roots:

*''bl br cl cn cr dl dr fl fr gl gn gr ml mn mr ŋl ŋr (pl) (pr) sc (sp) st sgl sgr sl sm sn sŋ sr tn tl tr''

*unstressed ''-ewe-'' > ''-ú-'' /ʉː/

Tíogall is subject to a fair amount of accentual and dialectal variation due to the number of speakers.

This dialect is most prominent in and around the Óc Eo (/ɵːk ɵː/, English: /ˈoʊkoʊ/) metropolitan area in Neoibhir.

*''r'' = [l̆] before a vowel, [l] before a consonant or word-finally

*/θ, ð/ = [tθʰ, dð] when not before a plosive

Spoken in the largely rural areas of Cnólta (/ˈknɔːˁtə/, English: /kəˈnɔːltə/ or /kəˈnoʊltə/) in southeastern Duínidhe.

Stereotypically associated with backwardness and boorishness.

*/aː/ = [ɛa]

**/ʊʟ/ = [uː]

**/ɔʟ/ = [oː]

*''r'' = [l] in all positions

Spoken in the mountainous regions of Tumaca /tʊməkə/ in Duínidhe. (Influenced by "hyper-Old Tíogall")

*/b d dʒ g/ are devoiced to [p t c k] in all positions.

*/n, ʟ, ɾ/ distinguish between "fortis" or unlenited [n̪, ɫ, r] and "lenis" or lenited [ð̞̃, ʀ, ɻ].

*/ʉ, ɵ/ are fully back [uː, oː].

===Teacadh an bhFuŋŋ accent===

Éise (/ˈiːsə/) - Neoibhir

*/ɐ a/

Nouns are classed into two genders (''reistir'' /ˈɾɪstəl/) and are inflected in two numbers (singular and plural) and three states (indefinite, definite, construct).

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"

|+ ''scaine'' 'friend' (masculine)

|''an scain''||''scaininn''

|''scain''?||''scainidh''?

!|1sg possessor

|''ðoiron''||''ðoirinnən''

!|2sg.m possessor

|''ðoirossi''||''ðoirinnəssi''

!|2sg.f possessor

|''ðoirossiu''||''ðoirinnəssiu''

!|3sg.m possessor

|''ðoirotiu''||''ðoirinniu''

!|3sg.f possessor

|''ðoirotī''||''ðoirinnī''

!|3sg.n possessor

|''ðoirota''||''ðoirinna''

!|1exc possessor

|''ðoirosmə''||''ðoirinnəsmə''

!|1inc possessor

|''ðoiroswi''||''ðoirinnəswi''

!|2pl possessor

|''ðoiroka''||''ðoirinnəka''

!|3pl possessor

|''ðoirotōr''||''ðoirinnətōr''

The comparative form of adjectives is formed with the suffix ''-anna'' /-ənə/. The comparandum is marked with the particle ''rá'' /ɾaː/ 'than'.

The superlative is formed with the suffix ''-acht'' /-əxt/.

|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} personal pronouns'''

!1sg!!2sg!!3sg.m!!3sg.f!!1pl.ex!!1pl.in!!2pl!!3pl

!|Independent

|''ná''||''fiar''||''hú''||''hí''||''gámh''||''géid''||''séid''||''hár''

!|Dependent

|''dhá''||''iar''||''ú''||''í''||''ámh''||''céir''||''héir''||''ár''

====Other====

*''tuabh'' = who?

Prepositions are inflected, as in the ancestor [[Thensarian]].

''mo^L, m''' comes from a word meaning "next to". It is also the direct object marker for definite persons (like Romanian ''pe'').

The sequence ''le'' + ''an'' contracts to ''lean'' /ʟən/.

!|''dri-N'' 'on'

|''drion''||''dris''||''drú''||''drí''||''drim''||''drid''||''dric''||''drir''

|''geilin''||''geilis''||''gealu''||''geili''||''geilim''||''geilid''||''geilic''||''geilir''

!|''go-L'' 'with'

!|''le'' 'to'

!|''na'' 'with (instrumental)'

|''nain''||''nais''||''naoi''||''naí''||''naim''||''naid''||''naic''||''naer''

|''rúinn''||''rúis''||''rú''||''rúi''||''rúm''||''rúd''||''rúc''||''rúr''

''Dli'' can be used to indicate obligation, as in Irish and Hebrew:

:'''''Dlien k:chéseredh a k:chésen.'''''

:on-1SG eat-VN-CONST MO DEF.SG.M food

[[Old {{PAGENAME}}]] had a verb system with complex alternations, almost comparable to that of Old Irish.<!-- for example:

--> Modern {{PAGENAME}} simplified this system substantially, leaving behind a mixture of synthetic forms (used without a subject pronoun) and analytic forms (used with a subject noun or pronoun), similar to the Modern Irish system. Due to their different origins - namely, synthetic forms come from Thensarian conjugated verbs while analytic forms come from Thensarian participles or verbal nouns - they often morphologically behave differently.

 

Certain verb forms undergo the morphophonological process of ''b-prefixation'', which stems from the [[Thensarian]] 3rd person singular object prefix ''bi-''. The b-prefix is ''not'' added to analytic forms (since those come from participles), impersonal forms, or imperatives.

 

For unprefixed verbs, the b-prefix is added by lenition of the stem's initial consonant. If the result of lenition begins with a vowel, then ''b'-'' is added.

 

For prefixed verbs, the addition of the b-prefix works as follows:

 

*For other prefixes, the mutation that would otherwise be induced by the prefix is blocked.

The present tense is conjugated as follows. For some verbs, umlaut occurs with certain affixes. The participle affix ''-adh'' is deleted after verb stems ending in ''-th'' or ''-dh'': ''míodh hú'' < {{recon|''míodadh hú''}} 'he gives'.  

{{col-3}}

|''^BSTEM-an''

|''^BSTEM-ú''

|''STEM-adh géid''<br/>''^BSTEM-ad'' (''poetic'')

|''^BSTEM-ar''

|''STEM-adh séid''<br/>''^BSTEM-as'' (''poetic'')

|''STEM-adh hú/hí''

|''STEM-adh hár''

|colspan="2"|''STEM-(a)¹ra''

!colspan="3" | Present tense of the verb ''moladh'' 'thank'

| ''mholan''

| ''mholú''

| ''moladh géid''<br/>''mholad'' (''poetic'')

| ''mholar''

| ''moladh séid''<br/>''mholas'' (''poetic'')

|''moladh hú/hí''

|''moladh hár''

|colspan="2"|''molra''

!colspan="3" | Present tense of the verb {{abbtip|idadh|''ididh''}} 'lie in a place'

| {{abbtip|b'idan|''b'idin''}}

| {{abbtip|b'idú|''b'idú''}}

| {{abbtip|idadh éid|''ididh éid''}}<br/>{{abbtip|b'idad|''b'idid''}} (''poetic'')

| {{abbtip|b'idar|''b'idel''}}

| {{abbtip|idadh zéid|''ididh zéid''}}<br/>{{abbtip|b'idasg|''b'ideasc''}} (''poetic'')

|{{abbtip|idadh ŋú|''ididh hú''}}<br/>{{abbtip|idadh hí|''ididh hí''}}

|{{abbtip|idadh hár|''ididh hár''}}

|colspan="2"|{{abbtip|idara|''idire''}}

¹ The buffer ''-e-'' is added when the previous consonant is a coronal.

To form the imperfect tense, the particle {{abbtip|[qʷˁeː]|''gré''}} is used before the verb, ''-e'' is added to the stem, and the verb undergoes eclipsis.

*''gré more ná'' 'I used to thank'

*''gré :ngide hí'' 'she used to lie'

The suffix ''ⁱ-ín'' is added to the stem to form the past participle. The subject is preceded by an ergative marker ''lu''. For the impersonal the subject is simply omitted. This is the standard way of forming the preterite in Étaoin {{PAGENAME}}.

:'''''Késín ruk lýn.'''''

''gró'' + past participle. This tense uses ergative alignment like the preterite.

*''gró mørín ná'' 'I had thanked'

*''gró idín hí'' 'she had lain'

!colspan="3" | Future tense

|''STEM-tedh ná''<br/>''^BSTEM-ten'' (''poetic'')

!colspan="3" | Future tense of the verb ''moredh'' 'thank'

!colspan="3" | Future tense of the verb {{abbtip|[ˈʔɪd̥əθ]|''idedh''}} 'lie in a place'

| ''-''

| ''idetedh géid''<br/>''b'ideted'' (''poetic'')

|-

| ''idetedh zéid''<br/>''b'idetesk'' (''poetic'')

!|3.m

The future marker ''t'' is lenited to ''th'' after ''c'' and ''p''.

{{col-3}}

|''STEM-ed!''

|''STEM-esk!''

!colspan="3" | Imperative of the verb ''moredh'' 'thank'

|{{abbtip|molad!|''mored!''}}

|{{abbtip|mol!|''moł!''}}

|{{abbtip|molasg!|''moresk!''}}

!colspan="3" | Imperative of the verb {{abbtip|idadh|''idedh''}} 'lie in a place'

| {{abbtip|idad!|''ided!''}}

| {{abbtip|id!|''id!''}}

| {{abbtip|idasg!|''idesk!''}}

*''-ill''

*''-as/-is''?

*''-ach/-ich''

*''-ta/-te''?

*2: ''tioth'' /tiθ/

*10: ''heor'' /hɵːl/

*11: ''eáichimh'' /eːʃəw/

Numbers must be used with singular nouns. The numbers ''kiew'' and ''stáw'' come after the noun, while other numbers come before it.

Below are some common {{PAGENAME}} derivational affixes:

*''-e'' (f): nominalizer

*''-abh/-ibh'': diminutive

*''-ach/-each'': verbal noun (the most common suffix)

*''-all/-eall'': adjectivizer

*''-ill'' (m.): nominalizer

:''Main article: [[Tíogall/Syntax]]''

*{{abbtip|/ə ˈsɛxtə ʟɪs/|''An Saichte leis!''}} (to one person)/{{abbtip|/ə ˈsɛxtə ʟɛk/|''An Saichte leac!''}} (to ≥2 people) = Hello! (lit. "the gods [give blessing] to you")