Linguifex

Fén Ghír: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
VisualWikitext
Fauxlosophe (talk | contribs)
682 edits
m Text replacement - "Category:Conlangs" to "Category:Languages"
 
(26 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
''"An bhé chuc cún dhér dó gil me dí. Och tel lé gérul del ténan me dí, lú chí lú ba lú lé bhoc del lór me dí cór tol. En gar dí me gon."''-Lúdhí Fén Ógil Níradh.
{{Featured
|featured banner= Bhé bhél bér cór ghír ítá. Bhé fhémoc bér me ló cór ít pon éloc té bér dhén na bélim na lú dhír cór ghír ítá.}}
 
 
''"An bhé chuc cún dhér dó gil me dí. Och tel lé gérul del ténan me dí, lú chím lú ba lú lé bhoc del lór me dí cór tol. En gar dí me gon."''-Lúdhí Fén Ógil Níradh.


"We take from Iron it's rightful prize. And if we sail to the wide world's end, all know that we'll return from the depths a thousand times. Death cannot keep us."-Old Fén War Song.     
"We take from Iron it's rightful prize. And if we sail to the wide world's end, all know that we'll return from the depths a thousand times. Death cannot keep us."-Old Fén War Song.     
Line 56: Line 60:
"Language is always expanding to meet the needs of an expanding language."
"Language is always expanding to meet the needs of an expanding language."


Current Issue: What purpose does accusative serve directly? Having been influenced heavily by Irish, Fén uses "cór", "del", "ce" and "dó" in the same way many languages use accusative. Currently in a lot of cases, it either emulates English or could be made into an adjective in many ways. The Accusative is redundant, it may be wise to elimate another case for the sake of shortening or make Fén into a VSO order.
Current Issues:  
 
*What purpose does accusative serve directly? Having been influenced heavily by Irish, Fén uses "cór", "del", "ce" and "dó" in the same way many languages use accusative. Currently in a lot of cases, it either emulates English or could be made into an adjective in many ways. It may be necessary to expand the case or else examine what uses remain for it.
 
*Could there be issues if Perfective is lost?
 
*Can Nér be removed in favour of Del? Hit against you v. Hit to you. Counter Example: "Race to the store against me", could this be worked around [or just the ambiguity of "Run to him" v. "Run against him"]
 
Also, vocabularly. Always more vocabularly.


Also, vocabularly. Always more vocabularly. 
       
==Phonology==
==Phonology==


Line 563: Line 573:
Sight->''''Cím''''
Sight->''''Cím''''


Dark Sight (A Foreboding Vision)->''''Pél '''ch'''ím.''''
Dark Sight (A Foreboding Vision)->"''Pél '''ch'''ím.''"


Very dark sight-> ''''Bér pél '''ch'''ím''"
Very dark sight-> ''''Bér pél '''ch'''ím''"
Line 709: Line 719:
|Must
|Must
|Mood
|Mood
|-
|Passive
|Dén
|Made to [Verb]
|Voice
|}
|}


Line 772: Line 777:
|colspan="6"|"''I had wanted to love you until then.''"
|colspan="6"|"''I had wanted to love you until then.''"
|}
|}
====Vocative noun phrase====
The person who is being addressed usually precedes the rest of the sentence. This is particularly used when addressing to get their attention someone;


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="2"| "''Cún lé dén rún di me lo!''"
| colspan="8"| "''Dóthan, bhoc íc.''"
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="2"| /kun le den run rɛ mɛ dɪ/
| colspan="8"| /do'han, wɑk ic /
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Cún-</small>
|<small>Dóthan.VOC</small>
|<small>-lé-</small>
|<small>bhoc</small>
|<small>-dén-</small>
|<small>íc</small>
|<small>-rún</small>
|<small>re</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-di</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Aux.Obl-</small>
|Joan
|<small>-Aux.Ftr-</small>
|Come
|<small>-Love</small>
|Here
|<small>you</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-1S</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''He shall be made to love me.''"
| colspan="8"| "''Joan, come here.''"
|}
|}
It may also be worked into the sentence, preceding the subject, re [thou], ré [you] or dé [we]. This is used to clarify or single out a subject;
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="2"| "''En tel bhé dén rún di me re!''"
| colspan="8"| "''Bhoc íc me Dóthan re?''"
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="2"| /ɛn tɛl ve den run dɪ mɛ re/
| colspan="8"| /Wɑk ic mɛ do'han rɛ/
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>En</small>
|<small>Bhoc</small>
|<small>tel-</small>
|<small>íc</small>
|<small>-bhé-</small>
|<small>-dén-</small>
|<small>-rún</small>
|<small>di</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-Dóthan-</small>
|<small>-re</small>
|<small>-re</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Neg</small>
|<small>Come</small>
|<small>Aux.Subj-</small>
|<small>Here</small>
|<small>-Aux.PST-</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Aux."Made"-</small>
|<small>-Joan.VOC-</small>
|<small>-Love</small>
|<small>-2S</small>
|<small>I</small>
|<small>Aux.SBJ-</small>
|<small>-you</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="2"| "''You couldn't have made me love [you!].''"
| colspan="8"| "''Come here, Joan.''"
|}
|}
===Nomative noun phrase===
This is the subject or actor in a sentence. It usually comes around the end of a sentence, unless the location or time of the action is being framed.
Nomative nouns are marked with "me".
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="2"| "''En tel bhé dhén ét rún lo me di me re!''"
| colspan="8"| "Bhé chím lírod me Dim."
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="2"| /ɛn tɛl ve ʒen et run lɑ mɛ dɪ mɛ re/
| colspan="8"| /ve xim lir'ɑd mɛ dɪm/
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>En</small>
|<small>-chím</small>
|<small>tel-</small>
|<small>lírod</small>
|<small>-bhé-</small>
|<small>-dén</small>
|<small>ét</small>
|<small>rún</small>
|<small>lo</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-di</small>
|<small>-Dim</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-re</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
<!-- Gloss-->
|{{sc|neg}}
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|{{sc|aux.subj}}
|<small>-V\See</small>
|{{sc|aux.pst}}
|<small>Here</small>
|make
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|{{sc|this.rel}}
|<small>-Jim.VOC</small>
|love
|{{sc|3s}}
|{{sc|aux.subj}}
|{{sc|1s}}
|{{sc|aux.subj}}
|{{sc|2s}}
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''You couldn't have made me love her.''" (Lit. You could not have made it so that I loved her)
| colspan="8"| "Jim saw the ball."
|}
|}


====Vocative noun phrase====
It should be noted that in "to be" sentences [which use té as the principle verb] there is usually no agent or actor. This is covered in the "té" section.


The person who is being addressed usually precedes the rest of the sentence. This is particularly used when addressing to get their attention someone;
====Accusative noun phrase====


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
Accusative nouns are the direct objects of the sentence, which follow the verbs immediately. They are identified largely by syntax as they follow the verb immediately. There is a vestigal "ag" but this is not used except in rare cases of ambiguity.
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Dóthan, bhoc íc.''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /do'han, wɑk ic /
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Dóthan.VOC</small>
|<small>bhoc</small>
|<small>íc</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|Joan
|Come
|Here
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''Joan, come here.''"
|}


It may also be worked into the sentence, preceding the subject, re [thou], ré [you] or dé [we]. This is used to clarify or single out a subject;
====Indirect noun phrases====


This refers to most cases of indirect objects which usually immediately follow Accusative nouns. In this category are both dative and instrumental. The difference between the two being order alone; Dative follows after Accusative, while Instrumental and Relative will follow after Dative or the relevant noun.


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
====Framing noun phrases====
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Bhoc íc me Dóthan re?''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /Wɑk ic mɛ do'han rɛ/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhoc</small>
|<small>íc</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-Dóthan-</small>
|<small>-re</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Come</small>
|<small>Here</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Joan.VOC-</small>
|<small>-2S</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''Come here, Joan.''"
|}


==Nomative noun phrase==
These are similar to a dependant clauses in English, though necessarily not conditional; these frame the place, time and reason why an action happened as well as an original source. It should be noted that if a place is part of the action or only partial, then that place should be either a Accusative/Dative [I went to the field] or relative [I went to the person who was at the field].


This is the subject or actor in a sentence. It usually comes around the end of a sentence, unless the location or time of the action is being framed.
*Instrumental phrase; Objects which are used as instruments in order to perform an action.
*Locative phrase; Objects which indicate where the action is taking place.
*Temporal phrase; Objects which indicate when the action is taking place. Closely related to Locative.
*Causal phrase; Objects which indicate for what reason an action is taking place.
*Perspective phrase; Object which is the source of the information.
 
The above four are markers for dependant clauses which frame the action and thus typically come after the noun. For poetic reasons or reasons of suspence, these may be shifted about just as in English.  
 
====Prepositional relations in Fén====


Nomative nouns are marked with "me".


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:350px;"
|+
|+Prespositions
<!-- Sentence -->
! width="30%"|Fén
| colspan="8"| "Bhé chím lírod me Dim."
! width="30%"|English
! width="40%"|Type
|-
|Me
|
|Nomative
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
|Ag
| colspan="8"| /ve xim lir'ɑd mɛ dɪm/
|
|Accusative
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|Nér
|<small>bhé-</small>
|Against
|<small>-chím</small>
|Accusative/Dative
|<small>lírod</small>
|-
|<small>me-</small>
|Dó
|<small>-Dim</small>
|From
|Accusative/Dative
|-
|Del
|To
|Accusative/Dative
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|Debh
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|Towards
|<small>-V\See</small>
|Accusative/Dative
|<small>Here</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Jim.VOC</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
|Rel
| colspan="8"| "Jim saw the ball."
|Than
|}
|Accusative/Dative
 
It should be noted that in "to be" sentences [which use té as the principle verb] there is usually no agent or actor. This is covered in the "té" section.
 
====Accusative noun phrase====
 
Accusative nouns are the direct objects of the sentence, which follow the verbs immediately. They are identified largely by syntax as they follow the verb immediately. There is a vestigal "ag" but this is not used except in rare cases of ambiguity.
 
====Indirect noun phrases====
 
This refers to most cases of indirect objects which usually immediately follow Accusative nouns. In this category are both dative and instrumental. The difference between the two being order alone; Dative follows after Accusative, while Instrumental and Relative will follow after Dative or the relevant noun.
 
====Framing noun phrases====
 
These are similar to a dependant clauses in English, though necessarily not conditional; these frame the place, time and reason why an action happened as well as an original source. It should be noted that if a place is part of the action or only partial, then that place should be either a Accusative/Dative [I went to the field] or relative [I went to the person who was at the field].
 
*Instrumental phrase; Objects which are used as instruments in order to perform an action.
*Locative phrase; Objects which indicate where the action is taking place.
*Temporal phrase; Objects which indicate when the action is taking place. Closely related to Locative.
*Causal phrase; Objects which indicate for what reason an action is taking place.
*Perspective phrase; Object which is the source of the information.
 
The above four are markers for dependant clauses which frame the action and thus typically come after the noun. For poetic reasons or reasons of suspence, these may be shifted about just as in English.
 
====Prepositional relations in Fén====
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:350px;"
|+Prespositions
! width="30%"|Fén
! width="30%"|English
! width="40%"|Type
|-
|-
|Me
|Cun
|
|Nomative
|-
|Ag
|
|Accusative
|-
|Nér
|Against
|Accusative/Dative
|-
|Dó
|From
|Accusative/Dative
|-
|Del
|To
|Accusative/Dative
|-
|Debh
|Towards
|Accusative/Dative
|-
|Rel
|Than
|Accusative/Dative
|-
|Cun
|Like
|Like
|Accusative/Dative
|Accusative/Dative
Line 1,356: Line 1,263:
=====Rel & Cun=====
=====Rel & Cun=====


Rel and Cun are comparatives, roughly analogous to "than" and "like". These prepositions follow after the thing they thing they compare;
Rel and Cun are comparatives, roughly analogous to "than" and "like". These prepositions follow after the thing they thing they compare.
 
An example of this might be gleamed from a conversation between Paruc & Donil meeting their friend after his first day of work as a stable hand;


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
Line 1,372: Line 1,281:
|<small>balin</small>
|<small>balin</small>
|<small>lúdhí</small>
|<small>lúdhí</small>
<small>líren</small>
|<small>líren</small>
|<small>ba</small>
|<small>ba</small>
|<small>gér</small>
|<small>gér</small>
Line 1,382: Line 1,291:
|<small>weak</small>
|<small>weak</small>
|<small>old</small>
|<small>old</small>
<small>horse</small>
|<small>horse</small>
|<small>POSS</small>
|<small>POSS</small>
|<small>spit</small>
|<small>spit</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''He looks like an old horse's spit."
| colspan="8"| "''He looks like a tired old horse's spit."
|}
|}


Line 1,393: Line 1,302:
|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Ra fabhen cím ígel cun ne lo cu íc cébh ghal ba góbhar.'"
| colspan="8"| "''Ra fabhen cím ígel cun ne lo cu ícá cébh ghal ba góbhar.'"
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ra favɛn sim igɛl kʊn nɛ lɑ sev ɣal ba govar/
| colspan="8"| /ra favɛn sim igɛl kʊn nɛ lɑ kʊ ika sev ɣal ba govar/
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
Line 1,406: Line 1,315:
|<small>ne</small>
|<small>ne</small>
|<small>lo</small>
|<small>lo</small>
<small>cébh</small>
|<small>cu</small>
|<small>ícá</small>
|<small>cébh</small>
|<small>ghal-</small>
|<small>ghal-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
Line 1,419: Line 1,330:
|<small>not</small>
|<small>not</small>
|<small>him</small>
|<small>him</small>
<small>after</small>
|<small>in</small>
|<small>there</small>
|<small>after</small>
|<small>day-</small>
|<small>day-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
Line 1,425: Line 1,338:
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''Rarely is one seen here unlike him after a day's work."
| colspan="8"| "''It's rare that one doesn't look like him after a day's work there."
|}
|}


Line 1,453: Line 1,366:
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "Better him than me"
| colspan="8"| "''Better him than me.''"
|}
|}
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
Line 1,484: Line 1,397:
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "I could not have said it better (than you)"
| colspan="8"| "''I could not have said it better (than you)''"
|}
|}


=====Rú & Núr=====
=====Rú & Núr=====


Instrumental By vs. Nearby. An important distinction. Will be expanded.
Rú indicates a method or tool used to accomplish a task was done with [not "bhe"] rather than person who did it or what one is near.  


=====Tonúr, Núr & Cu=====
Núr meanwhile fills the purpose of "near" or when one is "by" something else.


Surrounding, Nearby and actually inside/amongst. Will be expanded, but is mostly self evident


Inside v. amongst for ''cu'' is marked by whether the thing is plural as it is difficult to be inside multiple things. Some ambiguity certainly, but not much more than you would get if someone said "He is inside them" or "He's in the lions".


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''bhé dhél rú ad me re cur ébhéci bhé dénelé me re cu tílan lodénen?''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve ʒel ru ad rɛ cʊr evesi ve denɛle mɛ rɛ cʊ tilan lɑdenɛn/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>bhé</small>
|<small>dhél</small>
|<small>rú</small>
|<small>ad</small>
|<small>me</small>
|<small>re</small>
|<small>cur</small>
|<small>ébhéci</small>
|<small>bhé</small>
|<small>dhénelé</small>
|<small>me</small>
|<small>re</small>
|<small>cu</small>
|<small>tílan</small>
|<small>-lodénen</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST</small>
|<small>V\Live</small>
|<small>by</small>
|<small>way.inq</small>
|<small>aux.SBJ</small>
|<small>2S</small>
|<small>during</small>
|<small>time.rel</small>
|<small>PST</small>
|<small>V\trapped</small>
|<small>aux.SBJ</small>
|<small>2S</small>
|<small>in</small>
|<small>book</small>
|<small>store</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "How did you survive when you were trapped in the book store?"
|}


=====Nédén & Nér=====
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
 
|+
Fairly different but have an similar inherent contrast to them.
<!-- Sentence -->
 
| colspan="8"| "''bhé dhél rú éd teg gír ba tílana núr íca me di.''"
''Nér'' is used in the sense of something which resists the action; You fight against someone or hit a book against a table. "Del'' is an alternative, at least dialectically; "Fight to him" or "Hit book to table" but it's a weaker contrast and can lead to ambiguity; "I raced north against you" using "del" rather than "nér" could also mean "I raced northwards to you".
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve ʒel ru ed tɛg gir ba te tilana nur ica mɛ dɪ/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>bhé</small>
|<small>dhél</small>
|<small>rú</small>
|<small>éd</small>
|<small>teg</small>
|<small>gír-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-tílan-</small>
|<small>-a</small>
|<small>núr</small>
|<small>ícá</small>
|<small>me</small>
|<small>di</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST</small>
|<small>V\Live</small>
|<small>By</small>
|<small>Way.Rel</small>
|<small>Eat</small>
|<small>Langauge-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-Book-</small>
|<small>-PL</small>
|<small>Near</small>
|<small>There</small>
|<small>Aux.SBJ</small>
|<small>1S</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "I survived by eating nearby language textbooks."
|}


Nédén is something facing another thing, especially from opposite a threshold. It's more complex in terms of when it is used, but is also rare.
=====Tonúr, Núr & Cu=====
Tonúr, Núr and Cu can at times serve similar but distinct roles. This section serves to clarify both the different between them and the general use of all of them.


====Cóbh, Cébh & Cur====
An important distinction between English and Fén is that ''tonúr'' refers more specifically towards "fencing" or setting up a barrier around something, encircling might be a slightly closer term in this sense. Meanwhile less strict sense of "surround" is filled by ''cu''.


Relatively self-explanitory. May expand on the difference [of lack there of] between time/place but it seems pretty well congruent to English.
Thus, a Fén Comic Book villain who's been ambushed by heroes might shout to his henchmen during battle;


''Cóbh'' may be used to mean before or until, which one it is depends entirely on whether the verb is progressive. A non-progressive verb simples means "I did it before", progressive means "I was doing it until...".
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
 
|+
The difference for the others is less noticable, with cur it simply implies a process that began before and will end after. Cébh implies that one will have already been doing the thing at this point, "I will have a drink after you left" vs. "I will be drinking after you're old and grey" [usually used to imply "still" in this sense, but not necessarily].
<!-- Sentence -->
 
| colspan="8"| "''Té di tonúr léníma ítibh.'"
=====Pon & Tén=====
|-
 
<!-- Pronunciation-->
Not overly complicated but give a reason and a point of view.
| colspan="8"| /te dɪ nur le'nim'a/
 
|-
First to note is that pon is followed with ''éloc'' when the reason is a subclause [which is most of the time] an example would be, "I did this because of what you said before". It isn't when it is followed by a single word or noun-phrase, thus "I did this for you" or "You should have done it for that reason" would omit ''éloc''
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>té</small>
|<small>di</small>
|<small>tonúr</small>
|<small>léním-</small>
|<small>-a</small>
|<small>ítá</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Is</small>
|<small>1S</small>
|<small>surrounded.by</small>
|<small>idiot-</small>
|<small>-pl</small>
|<small>these</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''I'm encircled by these idiots!"
|}


Tén is something that would be translated as "According to" or something along those lines, it makes the sentance subjective to a degree.
While after defeat, he might bemoan the incompetance of his henchmen by shouting
 
*1S: Used to subjectify, "I think".
*1P: Used to clarify or expound on rhetoric, "We say that..."
*2S/P: Used to clarify "You're saying?", "You said" [ie. "You said X previously!"].
*3S/P: Used to subjectify, "According to him..."
*4S/P (Ígel/ibh): Used to generalize, "Its said that..."
 
====Other prepositions====
=====Ba=====
Ba is a possessive Marker, which until any other preposition in Fén is preceded the genative case that it creates and further is unique in that it may appear at any point in the syntax relative to other prepositions without altering the meaning of it


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|''Bhé thal del '''re''' ba <u>bélém</u> me lo.''
| colspan="8"| "''Té di cu léníma.'"
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve hal dɛl rɛ ba belem mɛ lo/
| colspan="8"| /te dɪ kʊ le'nim'a/
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>té</small>
|<small>-thal</small>
|<small>di</small>
|<small>del-</small>
|<small>cu</small>
|<small>-re-</small>
|<small>léním-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-a</small>
|<small>-bélém</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-lo</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>Is</small>
|<small>-V\Walk</small>
|<small>1S</small>
|<small>To-</small>
|<small>in</small>
|<small>-2S-</small>
|<small>idiot-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-pl</small>
|<small>-House</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-3S</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"''She went to your house.''"
| colspan="8"| "''I'm surrounded by idiots!"
|}
|}


=====Nédén & Nér=====
Fairly different but have an similar inherent contrast to them.
''Nér'' is used in the sense of something which resists the action; You fight against someone or hit a book against a table. "Del'' is an alternative, at least dialectically; "Fight to him" or "Hit book to table" but it's a weaker contrast and can lead to ambiguity; "I raced north against you" using "del" rather than "nér" could also mean "I raced northwards to you".


=====Bhe (ne)=====
Nédén is something facing another thing, especially from opposite a threshold. It's more complex in terms of when it is used, but is also rare.


Bhe is like "Ba" remarkable in that it can occur anywhere in syntax. However, the word it marks, unlike Ba, follows it.
====Cóbh, Cébh & Cur====


Relatively self-explanitory. May expand on the difference [of lack there of] between time/place but it seems pretty well congruent to English.


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
''Cóbh'' may be used to mean before or until, which one it is depends entirely on whether the verb is progressive. A non-progressive verb simples means "I did it before", progressive means "I was doing it until...".
|+
 
<!-- Sentence -->
The difference for the others is less noticable, with cur it simply implies a process that began before and will end after. Cébh implies that one will have already been doing the thing at this point, "I will have a drink after you left" vs. "I will be drinking after you're old and grey" [usually used to imply "still" in this sense, but not necessarily].
| colspan="8"|''Bhé chím lo ébéci lé me lo me '''ún''' <u>bhe ginebh</u>''.
 
=====Pon & Tén=====
 
Not overly complicated but give a reason and a point of view.
 
First to note is that pon is followed with ''éloc'' when the reason is a subclause [which is most of the time] an example would be, "I did this because of what you said before". It isn't when it is followed by a single word or noun-phrase, thus "I did this for you" or "You should have done it for that reason" would omit ''éloc''
 
Tén is something that would be translated as "According to" or something along those lines, it makes the sentance subjective to a degree.
 
*1S: Used to subjectify, "I think".
*1P: Used to clarify or expound on rhetoric, "We say that..."
*2S/P: Used to clarify "You're saying?", "You said" [ie. "You said X previously!"].
*3S/P: Used to subjectify, "According to him..."
*4S/P (Ígel/ibh): Used to generalize, "Its said that..."
 
====Other prepositions====
=====Ba=====
Ba is a possessive Marker, which until any other preposition in Fén is preceded the genative case that it creates and further is unique in that it may appear at any point in the syntax relative to other prepositions without altering the meaning of it
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|''Bhé thal del '''re''' ba <u>bélém</u> me lo.''
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve xim lɑ ebesi le mɛ un vɛ gɪnev/
| colspan="8"| /ve hal dɛl rɛ ba belem mɛ lo/
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>-chím</small>
|<small>-thal</small>
|<small>lo-</small>
|<small>del-</small>
|<small>-ébéci-</small>
|<small>-re-</small>
|<small>-lé-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-bélém</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-lo</small>
|<small>-lo</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-ún</small>
|<small>bhe-</small>
|<small>-ginebh</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\See</small>
|<small>-V\Walk</small>
|<small>3S-</small>
|<small>To-</small>
|<small>-When.Rel-</small>
|<small>-2S-</small>
|<small>-Go-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-House</small>
|<small>-He</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Girl</small>
|<small>-3S</small>
|<small>With-</small>
|<small>-Flowers</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"The '''girl''' <u>with flowers</u> when he left.''
| colspan="8"|"''She went to your house.''"
|}
|}


A "ne" preceding the bhe marks it as a negative, and thus should be translated as "without".
 
=====Bhe (ne)=====
 
Bhe is like "Ba" remarkable in that it can occur anywhere in syntax. However, the word it marks, unlike Ba, follows it.




Line 1,614: Line 1,634:
|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Bhé chím lo ba lé me ún <u>bhe ne</u> ban ghinebh.''"
| colspan="8"|''Bhé chím lo ébéci lé me lo me '''ún''' <u>bhe ginebh</u>''.
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve xim lɑ e'bes'i le mɛ un vɛ nɛ ban ɣɪn'ev/
| colspan="8"| /ve xim lɑ ebesi le mɛ un vɛ gɪnev/
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
Line 1,630: Line 1,650:
|<small>-ún</small>
|<small>-ún</small>
|<small>bhe-</small>
|<small>bhe-</small>
|<small>-ne-</small>
|<small>-ginebh</small>
|<small>-ban-</small>
|<small>-ghinebh</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
<!-- Gloss-->
Line 1,645: Line 1,663:
|<small>-Girl</small>
|<small>-Girl</small>
|<small>With-</small>
|<small>With-</small>
|<small>-NEG-</small>
|<small>-Flowers</small>
|<small>-Red-</small>
|<small>-N\Flowers</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"'''''The girl''' <u>without</u> red flowers saw when he left.''"
| colspan="8"|"The '''girl''' <u>with flowers</u> when he left.''
|}
|}


===Fén and clauses===
A "ne" preceding the bhe marks it as a negative, and thus should be translated as "without".
In Fén a great deal of focus are put upon various clauses in a sentence. There are three basic types which occur for different reasons;


====Primary clauses====


These are essentially a full sentence on their own but they may be linked with the above copula. They typically begin with a copula or a verb (in cases where the copula would be dropped) and conclude with the subject. These are essentially sentences on their own and follow typical word order;
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
|+
! width="100"|Copula
<!-- Sentence -->
! width="100"|Verb
| colspan="8"|"''Bhé chím lo ba lé me ún <u>bhe ne</u> ban ghinebh.''"
! width="100"|Object
|-
! width="100"|Indirect Object
<!-- Pronunciation-->
! width="100"|Subject
| colspan="8"| /ve xim lɑ e'bes'i le mɛ un vɛ nɛ ban ɣɪn'ev/
|}
 
''I give you the ball.''
 
becomes;
 
''Bél lirod del re me di.''
 
====Dependent clauses====
 
In Fén there are two types of dependent clauses which are quite distinct from eachother. One depends upon the initial copula, which often make the rest of the sentence dependant on them. These sorts of sentences involve two full clauses, where the second is dependent on the first;
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|<u>"''On bhé dhir re ba ghóbhar me re</u>, tel lec ra ba délag me re.''''
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ɑn ve ʒir rɛ ba ʒo'wɑr mɛ rɛ, tɛl lɛk ra ba de'lag mɛ rɛ/
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>on</small>
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-chím</small>
|<small>-dhír</small>
|<small>lo-</small>
|<small>re-</small>
|<small>-ébéci-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-lé-</small>
|<small>-Góbhar</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-re</small>
|<small>-lo</small>
|<small>Tel-</small>
|<small>-lec</small>
|<small>ra-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-délag</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>re</small>
|<small>-ún</small>
|<small>bhe-</small>
|<small>-ne-</small>
|<small>-ban-</small>
|<small>-ghinebh</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|
<!-- Gloss-->
<small>If</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Do</small>
|<small>-V\See</small>
|<small>You-</small>
|<small>3S-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-When.Rel-</small>
|<small>-Work</small>
|<small>-Go-</small>
|<small>-SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-He</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-2S</small>
|<small>-Girl</small>
|<small>SBJV.Aux-</small>
|<small>With-</small>
|<small>-Drink</small>
|<small>-NEG-</small>
|<small>Some-</small>
|<small>-Red-</small>
|<small>-Of-</small>
|<small>-N\Flowers</small>
|<small>-Whiskey</small>
|<small>-SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>2S</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| ''<u>If you finished your work</u>, you can have some of the whiskey..''
| colspan="8"|"'''''The girl''' <u>without</u> red flowers saw when he left.''"
|}
|}


The other form of dependant clause in Fén is one which rather than describe a distinct action that the first is dependant on, rather describe the context in which the action takes place. These invovles reasons, adding perspective to a statement or giving the time/place a sentence takes place in. These Clauses begin preposition and end either the whole sentence or else with another clause marking another dependant clause:
===Fén and clauses===
In Fén a great deal of focus are put upon various clauses in a sentence. There are three basic types which occur for different reasons;
 
====Primary clauses====


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
These are essentially a full sentence on their own but they may be linked with the above copula. They typically begin with a copula or a verb (in cases where the copula would be dropped) and conclude with the subject. These are essentially sentences on their own and follow typical word order;
|+
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
<!-- Sentence -->
! width="100"|Copula
| colspan="8"|"''On bhé dhir tol ít me di <u>pon re.</u>''.''
! width="100"|Verb
|-
! width="100"|Object
<!-- Pronunciation-->
! width="100"|Indirect Object
| colspan="8"| /ɑn ve ʒir tɑl it rɛ pɑn rɛ/
! width="100"|Subject
|-
|}
 
''I give you the ball.''
 
becomes;
 
''Bél lirod del re me di.''
 
====Dependent clauses====
 
In Fén there are two types of dependent clauses which are quite distinct from eachother. One depends upon the initial copula, which often make the rest of the sentence dependant on them. These sorts of sentences involve two full clauses, where the second is dependent on the first;
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|<u>"''On bhé dhir re ba ghóbhar me re</u>, tel lec ra ba délag me re.''''
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ɑn ve ʒir rɛ ba ʒo'wɑr mɛ rɛ, tɛl lɛk ra ba de'lag mɛ rɛ/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>on</small>
|<small>on</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-dhír</small>
|<small>-dhír</small>
|<small>tol-</small>
|<small>re-</small>
|<small>-ít</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>pon-</small>
|<small>-Góbhar</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-re</small>
|<small>-re</small>
|-
|<small>Tel-</small>
<!-- Gloss-->|
|<small>-lec</small>
|<small>ra-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-délag</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>re</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|
<small>If</small>
<small>If</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Do</small>
|<small>-V\Do</small>
|<small>All-</small>
|<small>You-</small>
|<small>-This</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>For-</small>
|<small>-Work</small>
|<small>-You</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-2S</small>
|<small>SBJV.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Drink</small>
|<small>Some-</small>
|<small>-Of-</small>
|<small>-Whiskey</small>
|<small>-SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>2S</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|''I did all of this <u>for you</u>''.
| colspan="8"| ''<u>If you finished your work</u>, you can have some of the whiskey..''
|}
|}
The other form of dependant clause in Fén is one which rather than describe a distinct action that the first is dependant on, rather describe the context in which the action takes place. These invovles reasons, adding perspective to a statement or giving the time/place a sentence takes place in. These Clauses begin preposition and end either the whole sentence or else with another clause marking another dependant clause:


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|''Lé lé lúran me di <u>cur cédhina.</u>''
| colspan="8"|"''On bhé dhir tol ít me di <u>pon re.</u>''.''
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ɑn ve ʒir tɑl it rɛ pɑn rɛ/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>on</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-dhír</small>
|<small>tol-</small>
|<small>-ít</small>
|<small>pon-</small>
|<small>-re</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|
<small>If</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Do</small>
|<small>All-</small>
|<small>-This</small>
|<small>For-</small>
|<small>-You</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|''I did all of this <u>for you</u>''.
|}
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|''Lé lé lúran me di <u>cur cédhina.</u>''
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
Line 2,191: Line 2,252:
|}
|}


===Additional Pages===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
 
|+Naming Dictionary
*[[Fén Ghír/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]]
|-
 
! Fén Name !! Origin !! Additional Notes !! Alternatve Forms/Diminuitive
==Featured Language==
|-
Fén Ghír has not yet been featured but I have translated this banner as practice;
| Donil || Uncertain: "From On High" or "Strong Sword" || Neut, usually Masc. || Doníg
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; width:750px;"
|-
! Bér Dén Ghír ba Dénobh
| Paruc || Shortened from Parichuc, "Hound Keeper" || Neut, usually Masc. || Paríg
|-
| Bénagén || "Friend of Génibh" || Neut. || Géníg
|-
| Bénalút || "Friend of Félut" || Neut. || Lútíg
|-
| Bémhed || "Great Will" || Neut. || Bemhíg
|-
| Conímhoc || "Strong Word" || Neut || Coním, Coníg
|-
| Bémhoc || "Good Word" || Neut, Southern Mostly || Bémhíg
|-
| Lúdhícím || "Old Dream" || Neut, Northern and Highlands || Dícíg
|-
| Fínog || "Ash Son" || Masc. Rare example of Infixing in Fén || Fíníg
|-
| Ógilín || "Striving Son" or "Son of Strife" || Masc. || Ógíg
|-
| Pénil || "Dark Height" or "Black sword" || Neut|| Péníg
|-
| Bachéd || "Red Sky" || Neut, usually Fem || Bachíg
|-
| Meghécír || "Hopeful Song" || Neut || Meghécíg, Meghíg
|-
| Nímhul || "High Fate" || Neut || Nímhíg, Níg
|-
| Mochél || "Sharp Word" || Neut, usually Masc, "Poet" || Mochíg
|-
| Enerat || "Quiet [One]" || Neut || Eníg
|-
| Bacherel || "Red Hair" || Neut, Common Nickname || Bachíg, Baníg
|-
| Féréch || "Light/Fair Hair" || Neut, Common Nickname || Féríg
|-
| Pécherel || "Dark Hair" || Neut, Common Nickname || Pélíg
|-
| Lechín || "Sad Birth" || Neut, nickname for Orphans || Lígín
|-
| Fírér || "Swift Eye" || Neut || Fíríg
|-
| Gídhén || "Smith" || Usually Masc || Gídhíg
|-
| Échún || "One choice" || Neut || Échíg
|-
| Pélédún || "Daughter of Twilight" || Fem, rare Pélédín male form || Pélíg
|-
| Ditén || Lone One, After River || Neut, Southern || Ditíg
|-
| Béghénár || Great Genibh's Journey, After River || Neut || Béghíg
|-
| Letún || Sad Daughter, After River || Fem. || Létíg
|-
| Géfín || Weeping Son, After River || Masc. || Géfíg
|-
| Lúbhal || "Many Homes" || Neut || Lúbhíg
|-
| Medharuc  || "Keeper of Hopes" || Neut, alternate Form "Megharuc" || Medhar, Meghar, Medhíg
|-
| Rúlán || "Starlike Gem" || Neut, Another rare example of infixing || Rúlíg [Little Star]
|-
|-
| '''Bhé bhél bér cór ghír ítá'''
| Cédighar || "Keeper of Cédil" || Neut || Cédhigh, Cédíg
Bhé fhémoc bér me ló cór ít pon éloc bhé bér dhén na bécím lemh na lú dhíra me ghír ítá.
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; width:750px;"
! Honoured Conlang Banner
|-
|-
| '''Honour was given to this tongue.'''
| Férédhém || "Firey Path" || Neut || Férédh, Féríg
We have voted it for because it has a good make, fair appearance and many uses.
|}
|}


[[Category:Conlangs]]
===See also===
 
*[[Fén Ghír/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]]
 
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Galavic]]
[[Category:Galavic]]
[[Category:Fén Ghír]]
[[Category:Fén Ghír]]
[[Category:Zewani-Western languages]]
[[Category:Pseudo-Celtic]]
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Fén_Ghír"