Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions

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===The optative and propositive moods===
===The optative mood===
Optative and propositive moods are made starting from the same stem; these stem use the same terminations as regular (a-type verbs) present for the imperfective aspect and regular past for the perfective; propositive mood uses the imperative ones (but only has the imperfective forms).
The optative mood also only conjugates in imperfective and perfective aspect. It uses a special stem, regular for almost all verbs, formed by adding ''-ūy-'' to the root plus thematic vowel. This means that, for thematic verbs, the marker is always ''-oy-'' (e.g. ''nāmvoyu''), while it is always ''-ūy-'' for athematic ones (e.g. ''drūyu'').


The optative stem is formed by taking the root (or a stem of one of the four ''juniai'') with vowel lengthening and adding '''-eina-''' after consonants and '''-vūna-''' after vowels.
The imperfective aspect uses the present tense endings (but 3SG exterior has ''-e'' and not *-ē), while the perfective aspect uses the past ones (with ''-a'' instead of *-k for 3SG exterior).


Example (''nāmvake'' “to crush, press”):
Example (''nāmvake'' “to crush, press”):
* Imperfective: exterior ''nāmveinu'', ''nāmveini'', ''nāmveinē'', … interior ''nāmveiniru'', …; causative ext. ''nāmveinildeyam'', …; caus. int. ''nāmveinildṛyam'', …
* Imperfective: <small>(EXT)</small> ''nāmvoyu'', ''nāmvoyi'', ''nāmvoye'', ''nāmvoyasme'', ... <small>(INT)</small> ''nāmvoyiru'', ''nāmvoyiris'', ... <small>(CAUS EXT)</small> ''nāmvoyildu'', ''nāmvoyildi'', ... <small>(CAUS INT)</small> ''nāmvoyīldru'', ''nāmvoyīldri'', ...
* Perfective: ext. ''nāmveinau'', ''nāmveinei'', ''nāmveinek'', … int. ''nāmveinirau'', …; caus. ext. ''nāmveinildau'', …; caus. int. ''nāmveinildrau'', …
* Imperfective: <small>(EXT)</small> ''nāmvoyau'', ''nāmvoyei'', ''nāmvoya'', ''nāmvoyaram'', ... <small>(INT)</small> ''nāmvoyirau'', ''nāmvoyirei'', ... <small>(CAUS EXT)</small> ''nāmvoyildau'', ''nāmvoyildei'', ... <small>(CAUS INT)</small> ''nāmvoyīldrau'', ''nāmvoyīldrei'', ...
* Propositive: ext. pat. ''nāmveinikṣam'', ''nāmveinos'', ''nāmveinotīs'', … ext. ag. ''nāmveiniasti'', ...; int. ''nāmveinirṣṭi'', …; caus. ext. pat. ''nāmveiniljam'', …; caus. ext. ag. ''nāmveinildasti'', ...; caus. int. ''nāmveinildṛṣṭi'', ...


===The desiderative===
===The desiderative===
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