Kola: Difference between revisions
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====Case marking==== | ====Case marking==== | ||
Kola has a marked nominative. Case is marked on the full nominal phrase. Prefixes occur at the beginning of the phrase and suffixes occur at the end. | <!--Kola has a marked nominative. -->Case is marked on the full nominal phrase. Prefixes occur at the beginning of the phrase and suffixes occur at the end. | ||
*'''Absolutive''': Unmarked. Used as the citation form, for nominal complements, for objects of adpositions, for the direct object of verbs, and for focused nominals. | *'''Absolutive''': Unmarked. Used as the citation form, for nominal complements, for objects of adpositions<!--, for the direct object of verbs-->, and for focused nominals. | ||
*'''Nominative''': Marked with ''-ni''. Used for the subject of verbs and the copula (even when dropped) except when focused. | *'''Nominative''': Marked with ''-ni''. Used for the subject of verbs and the copula (even when dropped) except when focused. | ||
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*'''Accusative''': Marked with ''-n''. Used for the direct object of verbs.--> | |||
*'''Genitive''': Formed with the possessive prefix ''a- / -ä-'' (with the appropriate concord prefix). | *'''Genitive''': Formed with the possessive prefix ''a- / -ä-'' (with the appropriate concord prefix). | ||
*'''Dative''': Class 17 prefix (''g(w/ï)-''). Used for indirect object, destination, "to/for", "to the benefit of". | *'''Dative''': Class 17 prefix (''g(w/ï)-''). Used for indirect object, destination, "to/for", "to the benefit of". | ||
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*'''Instrumental''': Class 16 prefix (''bä-''). Used for instrument, means. | *'''Instrumental''': Class 16 prefix (''bä-''). Used for instrument, means. | ||
*'''Locative''': Class 16/17/18 prefix (''bä-/g(w/ï)-/mu-''). Used for location. | *'''Locative''': Class 16/17/18 prefix (''bä-/g(w/ï)-/mu-''). Used for location. | ||
*'''Comitative''': Marked with ''nä-''. Means "with". | *'''Comitative''': Marked with ''nä-''. Means "with" (not instrumental). | ||
===Articles=== | ===Articles=== | ||