Chlouvānem/Phonology: Difference between revisions
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m (→Vowels) |
m (→Consonants) |
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! colspan=2 | Nasals | ! colspan=2 | Nasals | ||
| m || n || ɳ || ɲ || || ɴ | | {{IPA|m}} || {{IPA|n}} || {{IPA|ɳ}} || {{IPA|ɲ}} || || {{IPA|ɴ}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Stops !! <small>Unvoiced</small> | ! rowspan=2 | Stops !! <small>Unvoiced</small> | ||
| p pʰ || t̪ t̪ʰ || ʈ ʈʰ || c͡ɕ c͡ɕʰ || k kʰ || ʔ ʡ | | {{IPA|p pʰ}} || {{IPA|t̪ t̪ʰ}} || {{IPA|ʈ ʈʰ}} || {{IPA|c͡ɕ c͡ɕʰ}} || {{IPA|k kʰ}} || {{IPA|ʔ ʡ}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>Voiced</small> | ! <small>Voiced</small> | ||
| b bʱ || d̪ d̪ʱ || ɖ ɖʱ || ɟ͡ʑ ɟ͡ʑʱ || ɡ ɡʱ || | | {{IPA|b bʱ}} || {{IPA|d̪ d̪ʱ}} || {{IPA|ɖ ɖʱ}} || {{IPA|ɟ͡ʑ ɟ͡ʑʱ}} || {{IPA|ɡ ɡʱ}} || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | Fricatives | ! colspan=2 | Fricatives | ||
| || s || ʂ || ɕ || || ɦ ħ | | || {{IPA|s}} || {{IPA|ʂ}} || {{IPA|ɕ}} || || {{IPA|ɦ ħ}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | Approximants | ! colspan=2 | Approximants | ||
| ʋ || || || j || || ʀ ɴ̆ | | {{IPA|ʋ}} || || || {{IPA|j}} || || {{IPA|ʀ ɴ̆}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
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Four out of the five Chlouvānem nasal phonemes may occur in the onset, and have no major variations across the Chlouvānem-speaking world: | Four out of the five Chlouvānem nasal phonemes may occur in the onset, and have no major variations across the Chlouvānem-speaking world: | ||
: ''nanai'' "forest" /nänäɪ̯/ – Std. [nänäɪ̯], Līl. [nɐnæɪ̯], Lṭh. [nɐnaɪ̯], Klš. [näne̞ɪ̯], Cam. [nänæɪ̯] | : ''nanai'' "forest" {{IPA|/nänäɪ̯/}} – Std. {{IPA|[nänäɪ̯]}}, Līl. {{IPA|[nɐnæɪ̯]}}, Lṭh. {{IPA|[nɐnaɪ̯]}}, Klš. {{IPA|[näne̞ɪ̯]}}, Cam. {{IPA|[nänæɪ̯]}} | ||
: ''marta'' "city" /maʀta/ – Std. [mäɐ̯tä], Līl. [mɐˤtɐ], Cam. [mɑɐ̯tä], Mam. [mäʀtä] | : ''marta'' "city" {{IPA|/maʀta/}} – Std. {{IPA|[mäɐ̯tä]}}, Līl. {{IPA|[mɐˤtɐ]}}, Cam. {{IPA|[mɑɐ̯tä]}}, Mam. {{IPA|[mäʀtä]}} | ||
: ''ñæltah'' "(male's) sister" /ɲɛɴ̆täɦ/ – Std., Mam. [ɲɛɴ̆täħ], Līl. [ɲɛɴ̆tɐχ], Cam. [ɲɛɴ̆täh] | : ''ñæltah'' "(male's) sister" {{IPA|/ɲɛɴ̆täɦ/}} – Std., Mam. {{IPA|[ɲɛɴ̆täħ]}}, Līl. {{IPA|[ɲɛɴ̆tɐχ]}}, Cam. {{IPA|[ɲɛɴ̆täh]}} | ||
: ''ṇīṭah'' "skin, bark" /ɳiːʈäɦ/ – Std. [ɳiːʈäħ], Līl. [ɳiːʈɐχ], Hiy. [ɳiːʈäħ~ɳiːʈɐħ], Cam. [ɳiːʈäh] | : ''ṇīṭah'' "skin, bark" {{IPA|/ɳiːʈäɦ/}} – Std. {{IPA|[ɳiːʈäħ]}}, Līl. {{IPA|[ɳiːʈɐχ]}}, Hiy. {{IPA|[ɳiːʈäħ~ɳiːʈɐħ]}}, Cam. {{IPA|[ɳiːʈäh]}} | ||
The laryngeal nasal only surfaces as such before laryngeals (and not in the Southern Jade Coast); otherwise - and only analyzed as such before /d dʱ s ʂ ɕ/, where it contrasts with homorganic nasals - it produces nasalized vowels, as detained in the section above. | The laryngeal nasal only surfaces as such before laryngeals (and not in the Southern Jade Coast); otherwise - and only analyzed as such before /d dʱ s ʂ ɕ/, where it contrasts with homorganic nasals - it produces nasalized vowels, as detained in the section above. | ||
: ''saṃrasta'' "war" /säɴʀästä/ – Std., Hiy., Cam. [sɑ̃ɴʀästä], Līl. [sɑ̃ʀɐstɐ] | : ''saṃrasta'' "war" /säɴʀästä/ – Std., Hiy., Cam. [sɑ̃ɴʀästä], Līl. [sɑ̃ʀɐstɐ] | ||