Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions

Line 1,437:

: ''yambā?'' (whose?)

: ''smāmi'' (such a...) (archaic, literary)

====Positional demonstratives====

Chlouvānem has a large number of demonstratives, as they are integrated with the system of [[Chlouvānem/Positional_and_motion_verbs#Positional_verbs_.28jalyadaradhaus.29|positional verbs]], combining a general proximal-medial-distal distinction with positional prefixes, further localizing them in space. Only a subset of 10 out of the 24 positional prefixes are used to build demonstratives; the ones with a ∅- prefix correspond to most of the unused ones, and may be translated as "this/that one in front/ahead/in the middle" when a disambiguation from another one is needed. The same ten prefixes (except for ''įs-'') are also used together with the PERSON series (with the same logic), and with the PLACE, DESTINATION, and SOURCE correlatives, which act as adverbial anaphoras of positional and motion verbs. This results in forms like ''kamyejulā'' "here, around" or ''māhāñjulyom'' "thither (remote), rightwards".

{| class="redtable lightredbg"

|-

! Prefix ↓ / Type → !! Proximal !! Medial !! Distal

|-

! ∅-

| ''nenē'' this one ahead || ''nunū'' that one (near you) ahead || ''nanā'' that one ahead

|-

! ān-

| ''āninē'' this one above || ''ānnū'' that one (near you) above || ''ānnā'' that one above

|-

! šu-

| ''šunē'' this one below || ''šūnū'' that one (near you) below || ''šonā'' that one below

|-

! įs-

| ''įsinē'' this one hanging || ''įsunū'' that one (near you) hanging || ''įsanā'' that one hanging

|-

! na(ñ)-

| ''najinē'' this one inside || ''najunū'' that one (near you) inside || ''najanā'' that one inside

|-

! kau-

| ''kaunē'' this one outside || ''kaunū'' that one (near you) outside || ''kaunā'' that one outside

|-

! kami-

| ''kaminē'' this one around || ''kamyunū'' that one (near you) around || ''kamyanā'' that one around

|-

! pri-

| ''prinē'' this one behind || ''prinū'' that one (near you) behind || ''prinā'' that one behind

|-

! vai- (''sāṭ-'' for the main meaning)

| ''vainē'' this one beside || ''vayunū'' that one (near you) beside || ''vayanā'' that one beside

|-

! vyā-

| ''vyāɂinē'' this one to the left || ''vyāɂunū'' that one (near you) to the left || ''vyāɂanā'' that one to the left

|-

! māha-

| ''māhenē'' this one to the right || ''māhonū'' that one (near you) to the right || ''māhānā'' that one to the right

|}

The forms for the PERSON, PLACE, DESTINATION, and SOURCE series are mostly formed through regular saṃdhi (with the partial exception of the ''na(ñ)-'' and ''vyā-'' prefixes):

{| class="redtable lightredbg"

|-

! Prefix ↓ / Base → !! ''·evita ·ejulā ·ejulyom ·ejulųu'' !! ''·utvita ·uñjulā ·uñjulyom ·uñjulųu'' !! ''·ātvita ·āñjulā ·āñjulyom ·āñjulųu''

|-

! ∅-

| ''evita'' || ''utvita'' || ''ātvita''

|-

! ān-

| ''ānevita'' || ''ānutvita'' || ''ānātvita''

|-

! šu-

| ''švevita'' || ''šūtvita'' || ''švātvita''

|-

! na(ñ)-

| ''naivita'' || ''notvita'' || ''nātvita''

|-

! kau-

| ''kāvevita'' || ''kāvutvita'' || ''kāvātvita''

|-

! kami-

| ''kamyevitai'' || ''kamyutvitai'' || ''kamyātvitai''

|-

! pri-

| ''pryevita'' || ''pryutvita'' || ''pryātvita''

|-

! vai-

| ''vāyevita'' || ''vāyutvita'' || ''vāyātvita''

|-

! vyā-

| ''vyāɂevita'' || ''vyāɂutvita'' || ''vyāɂātvita''

|-

! māha-

| ''māhaivita'' || ''māhotvita'' || ''māhātvita''

|}

Note that, in the PERSON series, the ''kami-'' forms are only used with a plural meaning, as reflected in the table above.

====Declensions of correlatives and possessives====

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! rowspan=2 | Case || ā-paradigm !! ē-paradigm !! ū-paradigm !! t-paradigm

|-

! All possessives, ''nanā''~~, ''eṣanā'', ''ānnā''~~, ''yambā?'', ''ami'', correlatives in ''-i''<ref>e.g. ''læti'', ''sorami''…</ref> !! ''nenē''~~, ''eṣāne'', ''ānane''~~ !! ''nunū'', ~~''eṣanū'', ''ānanu''~~, ''yanū?'' !! ''yasmāt?'' and ''yanūḍat?''

! All possessives, ''nanā'' and other distals, ''yambā?'', ''ami'', correlatives in ''-i''<ref>e.g. ''læti'', ''sorami''…</ref> !! ''nenē'' and other proximals !! ''nunū'', and other medials, ''yanū?'' !! ''yasmāt?'' and ''yanūḍat?''

|-

! Direct Vocative

Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions

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