Togarmite: Difference between revisions
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===Relative clauses=== | ===Relative clauses=== | ||
The relative pronoun | The relative pronoun ''žė'' is used for both relative and complement clauses. It may takes prepositional cases, just like English relative pronouns. The word ''žė'' is from PSem *ðā, a form of the demonstrative *ðū; cf. Biblical Hebrew זו ''zu'', Aramaic די ''dī''. | ||
For relative clauses whose heads are prepositional objects in the relative clause, there are two strategies like in English: | For relative clauses whose heads are prepositional objects in the relative clause, there are two strategies like in English: | ||
*In informal Togarmite, the relativizer is treated as a resumptive pronoun which takes the preposition, like English ''which'': ''yn gabry ly | *In informal Togarmite, the relativizer is treated as a resumptive pronoun which takes the preposition, like English ''which'': ''yn gabry ly žė nėx yþen yn maþan'', lit. 'the man to which I gave the gift'. This syntax arose from the influence of surrounding languages like English. | ||
*In formal Togarmite, the preposition goes to the end of the clause: ''yn gabry | *In formal Togarmite, the preposition goes to the end of the clause: ''yn gabry žė nėx yþen yn maþan ly'' lit. 'the man which I gave the gift to'. This syntax arose from the native Semitic construction which used a resumptive pronoun on the preposition: after the resumptive pronoun lost the stress, the preposition lost its pronominal suffix and moved to the end of the clause. | ||
*A combination of both strategies can be used: ''yn gabry ly | *A combination of both strategies can be used: ''yn gabry ly žė nėx yþen yn maþan ly'', lit. 'The man to which I gave the gift to'. | ||
==Derivation== | ==Derivation== | ||
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''Yn mygiluþ lid yn malx ȝal yn þrøn lau'' | ''Yn mygiluþ lid yn malx ȝal yn þrøn lau'' | ||
''Še xliliþ mygruf edarxy by gali jam.'' | ''Še xliliþ mygruf edarxy by gali jam.'' | ||
''Aþøm | ''Aþøm žė jėþ heno mømancabta hen,'' | ||
''Ȝabry hen Elėh aþøm lawani ȝal yn arþ.'' | ''Ȝabry hen Elėh aþøm lawani ȝal yn arþ.'' | ||
''Xøl lanė mødajan ȝal parkisi lanė;'' | ''Xøl lanė mødajan ȝal parkisi lanė;'' | ||
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<poem> | <poem> | ||
'''Maȝlyþ lyn Symeiniþ''' | '''Maȝlyþ lyn Symeiniþ''' | ||
Iš gabryþ | Iš gabryþ žė še šur | ||
Xøl | Xøl žė nėher še žahab | ||
Wy hi še wykna maȝlyþ lyn symeiniþ | Wy hi še wykna maȝlyþ lyn symeiniþ | ||
</poem> | </poem> | ||