Valthungian: Difference between revisions
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The orthography of Valthungian is quite regular to its phonology; indeed, there are very few exceptions: | The orthography of Valthungian is quite regular to its phonology; indeed, there are very few exceptions: | ||
# The letter 〈n〉 | # The letter 〈n〉 before 〈g〉 or 〈k〉 is realised as a velar nasal [ŋ]. Specifically, 〈ng〉 is [ŋɡ] and 〈nk〉 is [ŋk]. (E.g. ''drinkna'' [driŋk.na] ‘to drink’.) | ||
# In combinations where 〈ng〉 is followed by another nasal consonant, [ | ## In combinations where 〈ng〉 is followed by another nasal consonant, [ɡ] is elided in speech: 〈ngm〉 is [ŋm] and 〈ngn〉 is [ŋn]. (E.g. ''gangna'' [gaŋ.na] ‘to go’; not **[gaŋɡ.na].) In rapid speech this may also occur to the other nasal-stop combinations 〈mbn〉, 〈mbm〉, 〈ndm〉, and 〈ndn〉; sometimes the stop may also become glottal. | ||
# In the combination 〈hw〉 (i.e. 〈hu〉 followed by a vowel), 〈h〉 is realised as [x]. | |||
# The combination 〈rju〉 is realised as [rɛu̯] (rather than the expected [rju]). (E.g. ''frjusna'' [frɛu̯s.na] ‘to freeze’.) | # The combination 〈rju〉 is realised as [rɛu̯] (rather than the expected [rju]). (E.g. ''frjusna'' [frɛu̯s.na] ‘to freeze’.) | ||
# The diphthong 〈eu〉 is realised as [ɛu̯] (rather than the expected [e̞u̯]). (E.g. ''sneugna'' [snɛu̯g.na] ‘to snow’.) | # The diphthong 〈eu〉 is realised as [ɛu̯] (rather than the expected [e̞u̯]). (E.g. ''sneugna'' [snɛu̯g.na] ‘to snow’.) | ||
# The diphthong 〈œu〉 is realised as [œy̑] (rather than the expected [ø̞u̯]). | # The diphthong 〈œu〉 is realised as [œy̑] (rather than the expected [ø̞u̯]). (E.g. ''grœunis'' [ɡrœy̑.nis] ‘green’.) | ||
# For some speakers, word-final 〈þs〉 may be realised as [t̪s]. | # For some speakers, word-final 〈þs〉 may be realised as [t̪s]. | ||
# For some speakers, medial 〈tl〉 (usually derived from earlier /ll/) may be realised as [dɮ]. | # For some speakers, medial 〈tl〉 (usually derived from earlier /ll/) may be realised as [dɮ]. | ||
# Inexplicably, the letter ''wynia'', while quite regular in and of itself, has a rather irregular romanisation. It is sometimes romanised quite regularly as ⟨w⟩, | # Inexplicably, the letter ''wynia'', while quite regular in and of itself, has a rather irregular romanisation. It is sometimes romanised quite regularly as ⟨w⟩, though in combination with consonants before a vowel (/dw/, /tw/, /þw/, /hw/, /gw/, /kw/, or /sw/), it is romanised as 〈u〉 (i.e. 〈du〉, 〈tu〉, 〈þu〉, 〈hu〉, 〈gu〉,〈ku〉 and 〈su〉.) | ||
Stress is indicated in the standard orthography with an acute accent only if: | Stress is indicated in the standard orthography with an acute accent ''only'' if: | ||
# The stress is ''not'' on the first syllable. | # The stress is ''not'' on the first syllable. | ||
#: (By default, stress falls on the primary syllable.) | #: (By default, stress falls on the primary syllable.) | ||
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====Ligatures & Liaisons==== | ====Ligatures & Liaisons==== | ||
When two | When two vowels come together at word boundaries, the words may form a ligature, particularly if one of the words is a “grammar word,” such as an article, preposition, pronoun, short adjective, conjunction, &c. This is most common with the articles (''sā'' + ''a-'', ''sō'' + ''u-'', etc.) and particles (e.g ''nī'' + ''i-''). | ||
* '''Articles''' | * '''Articles''' | ||
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====Cursive==== | ====Cursive==== | ||
''Coming soon...''--> | ''Coming soon...''--> | ||
===Orthographic Variants=== | ===Orthographic Variants=== | ||
There are a few regional and stylistic variations in the orthography of Valthungian romanisation. | There are a few regional and stylistic variations in the orthography of Valthungian romanisation. | ||