Sceptrian: Difference between revisions
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*'''Comitative''' case is used to indicate company: ''Mo slosh orkho.'' (We were with them yesterday.) | *'''Comitative''' case is used to indicate company: ''Mo slosh orkho.'' (We were with them yesterday.) | ||
*'''Causal''' describes the cause of an action or origin of something: ''Aitesosai næ su fope'' (I saw him because of (/thanks to) you), ''Hi supe foki.'' (It (is) from him to you.) | *'''Causal''' describes the cause of an action or origin of something: ''Aitesosai næ su fope'' (I saw him because of (/thanks to) you), ''Hi supe foki.'' (It (is) from him to you.) | ||
3rd person abstract pronoun is used in the formal register when introducing or referring to a person of higher status. | |||
====Reflexive==== | ====Reflexive==== | ||
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=====Ending===== | =====Ending===== | ||
Fusional conjugation affixes convey the person, number, tense and aspect (and honorific). | Fusional conjugation affixes convey the person, number, tense and aspect (and honorific). Subject and object suffixes are almost always used with verbs, the antipassive being the only exception. Agent prefixes aren't often used in the casual register, mostly to form the [[Sceptrian#Reflexive|reflexive]], but they have to be used in the formal register. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
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*+ indicates voicing of the final consonant together with aspiration | *+ indicates voicing of the final consonant together with aspiration | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
|+Agent prefixes for tense and aspect | |+Agent prefixes for tense and aspect | ||
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| lor | | lor | ||
|} | |} | ||
*Prefixes may be separated from vowel-beginning verbs with a glottal stop or reduplicated initial consonant: | |||
====Mood==== | ====Mood==== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Antipassive construction: Agent (ERG) transforms into subject (ABS) and object (ABS) takes the instrumental-comitative (INS) case. Word order becomes SV(O), and the verb is conjugated according to the agent and | Antipassive construction: Agent (ERG) transforms into subject (ABS) and object (ABS) takes the instrumental-comitative (INS) case. Word order becomes SV(O), and the verb is conjugated according to the agent and is suffixed with the emphasizing clitic ''ma'' in the formal register. | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = Doth ónzait(ma) (pofos). | |phrase = Doth ónzait(ma) (pofos). | ||
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====Non-finite forms==== | ====Non-finite forms==== | ||
* | '''Gerund''' | ||
*Base nouns or their abstract variants serve as gerunds which describe the action: | |||
* | '''Infinitives''' | ||
*PRES ''-ó'', PST ''-ou'', FUT '' | |||
'''Participles''' | |||
*PRES, PST, FUT agent & patient (employer vs. employee) (passivity?) tekemä, tehty | |||
'''Gerundives''' | |||
* (merged auxiliary verbs as prefixes): can, be permitted, should, must | |||
Relative form with word-order and prefix? | Relative form with word-order and prefix? | ||
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Noun→verb | Noun→verb | ||
*From core nouns: "way-markers" → how the verb reflects the core noun+case/adjective: table... depends on the core ( | *From core nouns: "way-markers" → how the verb reflects the core noun+case/adjective: table... depends on the core ( | ||
*ABS = "happens" | *ABS = "happens", "is" | ||
*COM = "using" | *COM = "using" | ||
*GEN + ''k'' = "similarity": | *GEN + ''k'' = "similarity": | ||