Aterran Imperial: Difference between revisions
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====Number==== | ====Number==== | ||
Grammatical number is not automatically indicated on nouns, though a singular~plural distinction exists in personal pronouns. Grammatical number for nouns may be marked if necessary by way of reduplication (in the case of masculine nouns) or a pluralizing particle (in the case of non-masculine nouns), but is usually ignored when not explicitly required. The plural is never indicated in the presence of numerals. | Grammatical number is not automatically indicated on nouns, though a singular~plural distinction exists in personal pronouns. Grammatical number for nouns may be marked if necessary by way of reduplication (in the case of masculine nouns) or a pluralizing particle (in the case of non-masculine nouns), but is usually ignored when not explicitly required. The plural is never indicated in the presence of numerals. | ||
=====Pluralising Masculine Nouns===== | |||
Masculine nouns are pluralised through a process of reduplication. | |||
In simplest terms, take the first letter of the noun, follow it by 〈a〉 (if the first vowel of the noun is '''a''', '''o''', or '''u''') or 〈e〉 (if the first vowel is '''a''', '''i''', or '''e''') and then add the singular noun. E.g.: | |||
* '''''[[Contionary: rosha#Modern Standard Imperial|rosha]]''''' ‘man’ → '''''rarosha''''' ‘men’ | |||
* '''''[[Contionary: shi#Modern Standard Imperial|shi]]''''' ‘animal’ → '''''sheshi''''' ‘animals’ | |||
* '''''[[Contionary: kama#Modern Standard Imperial|kama]]''''' ‘table’ → '''''kekama''''' ‘tables’ | |||
There are, of course, some exceptions and nuances, as well as flat-out irregularities: | |||
* If the first or second syllable of the noun is lax (i.e. contains '''à''', '''è''', '''ì''', '''ò''', or '''ù'''), it becomes tense (i.e. drop the accent mark). E.g.: | |||
** '''''[[Contionary: tì#Modern Standard Imperial|tì]]''''' ‘wood’ → '''''teti''''' ‘woods’ (‘types of wood’) | |||
** '''''[[Contionary: dà#Modern Standard Imperial|dà]]''''' ‘stone’ → '''''deda''''' ‘stones’ | |||
** '''''[[Contionary: lòga#Modern Standard Imperial|lòga]]''''' ‘husband’ → '''''laloga''''' ‘husbands’ | |||
* If a masculine noun begins with 〈ng〉, the 〈g〉 is dropped in reduplication, E.g. | |||
** '''''[[Contionary: nga#Modern Standard Imperial|nga]]''''' ‘time’ → '''''nenga''''' ‘times’ | |||
* If a masculine noun begins with an aspirate – that is, a cluster with 〈h〉 from an earlier aspirate in Old Imperial (i.e. '''bh''', '''dh''', '''kh''', '''lh''', '''ph''', or '''th''' – but not '''sh''' or '''zh''', which are just transcriptional), the 〈h〉 is dropped, E.g.: | |||
** '''''[[Contionary: lhadzhè#Modern Standard Imperial|lhadzhè]]''''' → '''lalhadzhè''' ‘mountains’ | |||
** '''''[[Contionary: phetùk#Modern Standard Imperial|phetùk]]''''' ‘brother’ → '''''paphetuka''''' ‘brothers’ | |||
** '''''[[Contionary: thule#Modern Standard Imperial|thule]]''''' ‘tree’ → '''''tathule''''' ‘trees’ | |||
* If a masculine noun begins with vowel, it is pluralized like a non-masculine noun (see below). | |||