Meskangela: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m (→Syntax) |
(→Syntax) |
||
| Line 722: | Line 722: | ||
* the particle ''tai'' (and its synonym ''lhot'', more typical to the South) are used to set off qoutations, they follow the phrase they modify: ''kyénna-tai cyenikka'' “he said "you are pretty"”. Eastern dialects use a quotative particle ''cai'' instead, which might have been an allomorph of Western ''tai''; | * the particle ''tai'' (and its synonym ''lhot'', more typical to the South) are used to set off qoutations, they follow the phrase they modify: ''kyénna-tai cyenikka'' “he said "you are pretty"”. Eastern dialects use a quotative particle ''cai'' instead, which might have been an allomorph of Western ''tai''; | ||
* the negative particle ''mu/mau'' precedes its modifying noun and attracts possessive prefixes: ངོ'''མུ'''་ཀྱིམཾ ''ŋo'''mu'''-kyima'' “not my house”. When the negative particle acts as a [[w:Predicate (grammar)|predicate]], it follows the noun instead: ངོཀྱིམ མྂ ''ŋokyim '''mau''''' “this isn’t my house”. In the Eastern dialects the negative predicate is substituted with a verbal negative infix, which precedes its noun. | * the negative particle ''mu/mau'' precedes its modifying noun and attracts possessive prefixes: ངོ'''མུ'''་ཀྱིམཾ ''ŋo'''mu'''-kyima'' “not my house”. When the negative particle acts as a [[w:Predicate (grammar)|predicate]], it follows the noun instead: ངོཀྱིམ མྂ ''ŋokyim '''mau''''' “this isn’t my house”. In the Eastern dialects the negative predicate is substituted with a verbal negative infix, which precedes its noun. | ||
The example below shows some differences between the three main dialect groups: | |||
*English: “I saw the bird that was singing on a tree”. | |||
*Classical: མསངཾཀ་ཏྂ སིངཏཾ བཾ་བིམྨཀའཾརིཀྐཾ མརཾནཏཾང ''mësëŋak-tau siŋëta wa-bimmëkārikka mërantaŋ'' (bird=TOP tree-LOC2 REL=CONT-sing-3sg.PRT see-1→3.PRT). | |||
*Western: མརཾནིཀྐྃ ཏའིབཾ ཨེ་བིམྨཀའར྅ཀ ཐཾངྟཾ་པཾ ''mëranikke tîwa e-wimmëkārök thaŋta-pa (see-1sg.PRT bird-DEF REL=CONT-sing-3sg.PRT tree-LOC2=on). | |||
*Eastern: ཧིནྟུ མརེམྨཾ་ཏྂ ཨཀྱཽརོད ཧེནྟཾན ''hiŋtu mëremmå-tā̊ akyōrol hentaŋ'' (tree-LOC2.FOC bird=TOP 3sg-sing-APRT see-1→3.PRT). | |||
Southern: ངི སྱེན་པཾཏ ཨངྐོཏ མསྔཾཀ་ཏཾ མྱཾནྟ ''ŋi sjeŋ-pat ăŋkōt măsŋak-tå mjant'' (I.ERG tree=on-LOC sing-APRT bird.ABS=TOP see-PRT). | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||