Proto-Tungric: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
| Line 1,196: | Line 1,196: | ||
#'''Irregular:''' The past stem is formed in another way besides those above — e.g. ''*stô'' "I stand" > ''*steþai'' "I stood" | #'''Irregular:''' The past stem is formed in another way besides those above — e.g. ''*stô'' "I stand" > ''*steþai'' "I stood" | ||
A | Some strong verbs have irregular presents. This affects the present tense (both indicative and subjunctive), present participle, infinitive, and imperative. There are three types of irregularities, and they can co-occur: | ||
# A ''j''-suffix. Such verbs are said to be ''j''-presents, and may be light or heavy. This affects the present tense suffixes in much the same way as it does in nouns and adjectives. | |||
#An nasal infix. This does not affect the verb's endings, but affects the present stem. Such verbs are called nasal presents. | |||
#A vowel suffix (usually ''-ō-'' or ''-ē-''). Such verbs are called ''ō''-presents or ''ē''-presents respectively, and they conjugate similarly to class 2 or 3 weak verbs respectively in the present forms. There is also the exceptional verb ''*stêsi'' which has the suffix ''-ê-''. | |||
The past participle of strong verbs is formed with the suffix ''-þaz'' which, depending on the verb, may become ''-taz'', ''-daz'', or ''-saz''. There may or may not be a connector vowel. If there is one, it is usually ''-a-'' (or ''-i-'' in the case of ''j''-presents. | |||
The past participle of strong verbs is formed with the suffix ''-þaz'' which, depending on the verb, may become ''-taz'', ''-daz'', or ''-saz''. There may or may not be a connector vowel. | |||
'''Example (class 3): *''akizi'' "to do, act"''' | '''Example (class 3): *''akizi'' "to do, act"''' | ||