Phonological history of Valthungian: Difference between revisions
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to the legend here.]]'' | to the legend here.]]'' | ||
==Changes from | ==Changes from Pre-Germanic through East Germanic to [[Griutungi]] & Gothic to [[Old Valthungian]] (ca. 500ʙᴄ‒300ᴀᴅ)== | ||
(This section is incomplete; I'll circle back around to it at some point and try to pry out of my notes which rules are applicable to East Germanic. I will try to include rules that are referenced in later sections.) | (This section is incomplete; I'll circle back around to it at some point and try to pry out of my notes which rules are applicable to East Germanic. I will try to include rules that are referenced in later sections.) | ||
===Spirantisation ∅=== | |||
This rule was present in Proto-Germanic and persistent in various forms until approximately 1000ᴀᴅ. Some contend that this rule applied to ''all'' sonorants rather than just vowels, which would greatly simplify some of my rules below, but I do not believe that was the case, as it has some implications for the timing of Verner. | |||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | |||
!colspan=2 width=1200 style="text-align: left;"|500ʙᴄ: Voiced Stops become Continuant when Intervocalic | |||
|- | |||
!width=150 style="text-align: right;"| Type: | |||
|width=1050| Phonetic | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Rule: | |||
| <span style="font-family: monospace;">'''C[-snt][+vox] → [+cnt] / V}___{V'''</span><br /> | |||
''“A voiced stop becomes continuant between two vowels.”'' | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Exhaustive: | |||
| b,d,g → β,ð,ɣ / V___V | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Examples: | |||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!width=100| | |||
!width=150| ‘to have’ | |||
!width=150| ‘days’ | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Pre-Gmc: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''kapjonǫ''<br />[kapjɔnɔ͂] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| * ''tokās''<br />[tɔkaːs] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| * ''sepḿ̥t''<br />[sepm̩t] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| * ''gʰedʰin''<br />[ɡʱedʱĩː] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| PGmc: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''habjaną''<br />[habjanã] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"|* ''dagōz''<br />[da'''ɣ'''oːz] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''sebun''<br />[se'''β'''un] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''gōdį̄''<br />[ɡoː'''ð'''ĩː] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Goth: | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| ''habān''<br />[ha'''β'''aːn] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| ''dagōs''<br />[da'''ɣ'''oːs] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| ''sibun''<br />[sɪ'''β'''ʊn] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| ''gōdei''<br />[ɡoː'''ð'''iː] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Griut: | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''habān''<br />[ha'''β'''aːn] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''dagōs''<br />[da'''ɣ'''oːs] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''sibun''<br />[sɪ'''β'''ʊn] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''gōdī''<br />[goː'''ð'''iː] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| OldVal: | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''habvan''<br />[ha'''β'''an] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''dagyous''<br />[da'''ɣ'''oʊ̯s] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''sibvun''<br />[sɪ'''β'''ʊn] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''geoudvij''<br />[ɡøʏ̯'''ð'''iː] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| MidVal: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''havɴ''<br />[ha'''v'''n̩] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''dagos''<br />[da'''ɡ'''os] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''sivun~sivɴ''<br />[sɪ'''v'''ʊn~sɪ'''v'''n̩] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''gœyðî''<br />[ɡøʏ̯'''ð'''iː] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Valth: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''havna''<br />[ha'''v'''na] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''dagas''<br />[da'''ɡ'''as] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''sivun~sivna''<br />[si'''v'''un~si'''v'''na] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''gœuði''<br />[ɡœy̑'''ð'''i] | |||
|} | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Limit: | |||
| 300ᴀᴅ | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Persistence: | |||
| Expanded into [[#Spirantisation I|Spirantisation I]] | |||
|} | |||
==Changes from [[Griutungi]] & Gothic to [[Old Valthungian]] (ca. 300ᴀᴅ‒950ᴀᴅ)== | ==Changes from [[Griutungi]] & Gothic to [[Old Valthungian]] (ca. 300ᴀᴅ‒950ᴀᴅ)== | ||