Cumbraek: Difference between revisions
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The '''subject''' pronouns are used: | The '''subject''' pronouns are used: | ||
* before a personal verb to express the subject (e.g. ''mi carav'' 'I love') | * optionally before a personal verb to express the subject (e.g. ''mi carav'' 'I love') | ||
* as auxiliary pronouns, added to the end of a verb by a hyphen for clarity (e.g. ''eth welas-ev'' 'he saw you') | * as auxiliary pronouns, added to the end of a verb by a hyphen for clarity (e.g. ''eth welas-ev'' 'he saw you') | ||
* as auxiliary pronouns, in conjunction with possessive adjectives (e.g. ''i nen-hi'' 'her grandmother') | * as auxiliary pronouns, in conjunction with possessive adjectives (e.g. ''i nen-hi'' 'her grandmother') | ||
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* as the object of an imperative verb (e.g. ''ladh oo'' 'kill them') | * as the object of an imperative verb (e.g. ''ladh oo'' 'kill them') | ||
The '''object''' pronouns must be attached to a preverbal particle (e.g. ''eth garav'' 'I love you'). | The '''object''' pronouns indicate the direct object of the verb and must be attached to a preverbal particle (e.g. ''eth garav'' 'I love you'). | ||
The '''possessive''' pronouns are used: | The '''possessive''' pronouns are used: | ||
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The '''infixed''' pronouns are contracted forms of the possessive pronouns used following prepositions and conjunctions ending a vowel (e.g. ''a'm tat'' 'and my father', ''o'y wlat'' 'from his country'). | The '''infixed''' pronouns are contracted forms of the possessive pronouns used following prepositions and conjunctions ending a vowel (e.g. ''a'm tat'' 'and my father', ''o'y wlat'' 'from his country'). | ||
Possessive pronouns proper only exist in the first and second person singular: ''mow'' 'mine' and ''tow'' 'your'. The so-called 'genitive particle' ''now'' is used with the subject pronouns to produce possessive pronouns in the other persons (e.g. ''now-hi'' 'hers', ''now-ni'' 'ours'). | '''Possessive pronouns''' proper only exist in the first and second person singular: ''mow'' 'mine' and ''tow'' 'your'. The so-called 'genitive particle' ''now'' is used with the subject pronouns to produce possessive pronouns in the other persons (e.g. ''now-hi'' 'hers', ''now-ni'' 'ours'). | ||
====Demonstrative==== | ====Demonstrative==== | ||
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|} | |} | ||
The ''hunn'' and ''hunnedh'' forms may be used as demonstrative adjectives following a definite noun (e.g. ''er gur hunn'' 'this man', ''er cestill hinnedh'' 'that castle'). ''Hunnunt'' is replaced by ''hunt'' 'yonder' in this | The ''hunn'' and ''hunnedh'' forms may be used as demonstrative adjectives following a definite noun (e.g. ''er gur hunn'' 'this man', ''er cestill hinnedh'' 'that castle'). ''Hunnunt'' is replaced by ''hunt'' 'yonder' in this function, which does not change for gender or number (e.g. ''er wragedh hunt'' 'those women'). | ||
====Interrogative==== | ====Interrogative==== | ||
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| style="width: 100px; "| ''peth'' <br> ''pebeth'' | | style="width: 100px; "| ''peth'' <br> ''pebeth'' | ||
| style="width: 200px; text-align:left; " | pronouns | | style="width: 200px; text-align:left; " | pronouns | ||
| style="width: 200px; text-align:left; " | + ''a'' + verb / + copula | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ''pe''<sup>L</sup> | | ''pe''<sup>L</sup> | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | adjective | | style="text-align:left;" | adjective | ||
| style="width: 200px; text-align:left; " | + noun | |||
|- | |- | ||
! who | ! who | ||
| ''puw''<sup>L</sup> | | ''puw''<sup>L</sup> | ||
| | | | ||
| style="width: 200px; text-align:left; " | + ''a'' + verb / + copula | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | which one(s) | ! rowspan="2" | which one(s) | ||
| ''p'oun'' | | ''p'oun'' | ||
|style="text-align:left;" | singular | |style="text-align:left;" | singular | ||
| style="width: 200px; text-align:left; " | + ''a'' + verb / + copula | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ''p're'' | | ''p're'' | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | plural | | style="text-align:left;" | plural | ||
| style="width: 200px; text-align:left; " | + ''a'' + verb / + copula | |||
|- | |- | ||
! how many | ! how many | ||
| ''pet''<sup>L</sup> | | ''pet''<sup>L</sup> | ||
| | | | ||
| style="width: 200px; text-align:left; " | + singular noun | |||
|- | |- | ||
! where | ! where | ||
| ''cu''<sup>S</sup>, ''cud'' | | ''cu''<sup>S</sup>, ''cud'' | ||
| | | | ||
| style="width: 200px; text-align:left; " | + verb | |||
|- | |- | ||
! when | ! when | ||
| ''p'oar'' | | ''p'oar'' | ||
| | | | ||
| style="width: 200px; text-align:left; " | + ''e(dh)'' + verb | |||
|- | |- | ||
! how | ! how | ||
| ''pe dhel' '' | | ''pe dhel' '' | ||
| | | | ||
| style="width: 200px; text-align:left; " | + ''e(dh)'' + verb | |||
|- | |- | ||
! why | ! why | ||
| ''per'' | | ''per'' | ||
| | | | ||
| style="width: 200px; text-align:left; " | + verb | |||
|- | |- | ||
! how much | ! how much | ||
| ''pe vent'' | | ''pe vent'' | ||
| | | | ||
| style="width: 200px; text-align:left; " | + ''e(dh)'' + verb / ''o<sup>L</sup> + noun | |||
|} | |} | ||