Brooding: Difference between revisions

(Note, a ‘constituent’ can be a single word or a phrase. ‘I’ in “I love you” is one constituent. In the sentence ‘The man down the road loves you’, the whole phrase ‘The man down the road’ is one constituent.)

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===

|-

|colspan=3| '''''Stops'''''

All obstruents in Brooding, with the exception of the affricate ''ch''. may be followed by a liquid; voiced obstruents are followed by <r> and unvoiced by <l>. Finally, another group of clusters can be formed from <nowiki><s></nowiki> plus an unvoiced stop.

|-

| '''br''' || /bɹ/ || as in ‘bread’

=== Vowels ===

|-

|colspan=3| '''''Front'''''

Here are the pairs of contrasting vowels:

|-

| '''aa'''||↔||'''a'''

====Vowels====

|-

| [[File:Brooding-a.gif|frameless|right|<a>]] || '''a''' /a/ || ↔ || [[File:Brooding-aa.gif|frameless|right|<aa>]] || '''aa''' /æ/

====Consonants====

|-

| [[File:Brooding-p.gif|frameless|right|<p>]] || '''p''' /p/ || [[File:Brooding-b.gif|frameless|right|<b>]] || '''b''' /b/

====Blends====

|-

| [[File:Brooding-pl.gif|frameless|right|<pl>]] || '''pl''' /pl/ || [[File:Brooding-br.gif|frameless|right|<br>]] || '''br''' /bɹ/

character itself can appear anywhere in the numeral sequence.

|-

| [[File:Brooding-num.gif|frameless|right]] || '''#'''  

Blind characters can be used by themselves to symbolize single words, usually words with syntactic functions.

|-

| [[File:Brooding-exclam.gif|leed]] || ''leed'' || I

characters is not important, just that they are together in a two character word.

|-

| [[File:Brooding-fslahsh.gif]][[File:Brooding-under.gif]] || ''tlauspuh'' || in order to

the mouth on the blind character - the tilt is irrelevant, though the default is usually straight.

|-

!  !! Subject !! Object

'''Non-Past Verbs'''

|-

!  !! Affirmative !! Negative

'''Past Verbs'''

|-

!  !! Affirmative !! Negative

The order of modifiers for a noun are as follows:<br />

|-

| noun || demonstrative || adjectives || possessor || prepositional-phrases || relative-clauses

|+

| ''geeth'' || '''''ai''''' || ''aekhlaat''

If I say “The tree that I burn”, the head is the same (tree), but the tree is now the object, the thing being burned. In this case, the relativizer is ''au'' instead of ''ai'':

|+

| ''geeth'' || '''''au''''' || ''ootawnaekhlaat'' || ''leed''

One thing to remember is that the relativizer is based off of where the head noun fits into the relative clause, ''not'' where it fits into the overall sentence. Look at the following sentence:

|+

| ''leed'' || ''agen'' || ''igeeth'' || '''''ai''''' || ''aekhlaat''

Brooding uses four demonstratives:

|-

| ''ti'' || this || (right here, in my hand)

In Brooding, there is only one form for this sort of construction. The action of the dependent clause is converted into a noun (as per the rules for nominalization) and then it modified by prepositional phrases and relative clauses. In Brooding, “I want to hit him” would be:

|+

| ''leed'' || ''okhair'' || ''indpeg'' || ''leeld'' || ''oofruh'' || ''fosh''

Several of the pronouns have an alternate ‘clique’ version. These are for referring to people who are part of your clan, group or ‘side’ to things.

|-

!  !! Clique !! Outsider

The basic location prepositions are:

|-

| '''''ma'''''|| at

From there we get more complex prepositions:

|-

| '''''awzra'''''|| outside of

The basic motion preposition is:

|-

| '''''aa'''''|| to

Complex prepositions for motion are:

|-

| '''''ma'''''|| at

From there we get more complex prepositions:

|-

| '''''awyaa'''''|| into

Basic prepositions of this type are:

|-

| '''''e'''''|| of, associated with, characterized by

Complex relational prepositions are:

|-

| '''''zrachee'''''|| without, lacking

The perfective version of the verb is the basic of the verb: ''agen''

|-

| ''leed'' || ''agen''

The progressive form of the verb takes the key vowel and appends it to the end of the word: ''agena''

|-

| ''leed'' || ''agena''

key vowel: ''agane''

|-

| ''leed'' || ''agane''

So agen becomes ''aagen''.

|-

| ''leed'' || ''aagen''

‘I saw.’

|-

| ''leed'' || ''aagenaa''

‘I was seeing.’

|-

| ''leed'' || ''aagaane''

Negative: ''zragen''

|-

| ''leed'' || ''zragen''

‘I do not see.’

|-

| ''leed'' || ''zraagaane''

For example:

|+

| ''leed'' || ''aagen'' || ''oodit'' || ''awaen''

vowel of the new verb is the first vowel of the new word. That new verb can be inflected like any other verb.

|+

| ''fosh'' || ''ipeg'' || ''ofoos''

|}

|+

| ''fosh'' || ''ofoosipeg''

Compounding with the verb ''ootawn'' (to cause) creates a verb where the subject is the entity causing and the object is what is being affected. For intransitive verbs, the new verb is transitive in that it takes an object.

|+

| ''leed'' || ''awaen''

|}

|+

| ''fosh'' || ''ootawnawaen'' || ''ileed''

Note that you can still use cause as just a verb in conjunction with a noun clause. The difference between the two is similar to English - the wordier version implies a level of separation that the compound does not.

|+

| ''fosh'' || ''ootawn'' || ''andwaen'' || ''oofruh'' || ''leed''

* Reciprocal - ''oone''

|-

| ''leed'' || ''ipeg'' || ''oo''

|-

| ''fo'' || ''ipeg'' || ''oo''

|}

|-

| ''fo'' || ''ipeg'' || ''oone''

As in English, you can use a reflexive as part of emphasis for an intransitive verb (“I hide myself”). However, in Brooding, you explicitly have to make the intransitive verb a transitive one:

|-

| ''leed'' || ''ootawnawaen'' || ''oo''

Active:

|-

| ''leed'' || ''agen'' || ''ofoos'' || ''ga''

Passive:

|-

| ''ofoos'' || ''ga'' || ''agen''

|}

|-

| ''ofoos'' || ''ga'' || ''agen'' || ''ite'' || ''leed''

The copula verb in Brooding is ''aeram''. It is treated as a regular verb:

|-

| ''leed'' || ''aeram'' || ''yuhneeshe''

|}

|-

| ''fosh'' || ''eram'' || ''dootham''

When referring to location, the copula can be used with a prepositional phrase as an object:

|-

| ''leed'' || ''aeram'' || ''ata'' || ''fosh''

In existentials, there is no object, we are just saying something exists.  

|-

| ''geeth'' || ''auplen''

copula to express this along with a prepositional phrase.

|-

| ''daroon'' || ''aeram'' || ''chee'' || ''leed''

The types of comparisons are:

|-

| '''''stai''''' || more

|}

|-

| ''taefuh'' || ''stai'' || ''sloon''

|}

|-

| ''ko'' || ''thle'' || ''floothlenem''

|}

|-

| ''zee'' || ''yuhnee'' || ''foos''

relativizer in a relative clause.

|-

| ''leed'' || ''aeram'' || ''taefuh'' || ''stai'' || ''sloon''

|-

| ''fosh'' || ''esaaf'' || ''otlai'' || ''ko'' || ''thle'' || ''floothlenem''

|}

|-

| ''otdelthing '' || ''de '' || ''ai '' || ''zee '' || ''yuhnee '' || ''foos''

Phrases have a specific set of conjunctions:

|-

| '''''ee''''' || and

Other clause conjunctions are:

|-

| '''''obroo''''' || or

well. (If needed, the a sound is elongated to distinguish it from a following vowel)

|-

| ''a'' || ''oodit''

|}

|-

| ''a'' || ''zroodit''

subject and object if applicable.

|-

| ''hlai'' || ''agen'' || ''sloon'' || ''ofoos'' || ''ga''

In a sentence that is more complex than a yes or no, question words and phrases are used.

|-

| '''''Hlendan''''' || Who (outsider)

go.

|-

| ''druhnshoon'' || ''aeram'' || ''hlendan''  

|}

|-

| ''foos'' || ''ga'' || ''odit'' || ''ebri'' || ''hlaipa''

The Brooding number system is hexadecimal, which means that the basic numbers are counted up to fifteen before adding another digit, so the number “10” is equivalent to sixteen. (The numerals between 10 and 15 are often written as the letters A-F in hexadecimal notation, but only the words are used in Brooding.)

|-

| '''zero''' || 0 || ''zromed''

* four thousand ninety-sixes (1000~thousands) - stooraen

|-

| 16 || '''10''' || ''fluhn'' || 256 || '''100''' || ''tegen'' || 4096 || '''1000''' || ''stooraen''

When a number is used with an adjective that requires degree specification (see [[Brooding#Degree-specific_adjectives|Degree-Specific Adjectives]]), the final consonant of the number is dropped and the number is then prefixed to the adjective being modified.

|-

| 4 || extremely || ''drauge-''