Laceyiam: Difference between revisions

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==== The fourth declension (ablauting nouns) ====
==== The fourth declension (ablauting nouns) ====
The fourth declension (''bäliende paiktairathāda'') is the least regular and the least common of all. It includes nouns which are a relic of the ablauting nouns, already somewhat archaic and unproductive in Proto-Cis-Tahianshima. Some linguists, however, argue that ablauting and non-ablauting nouns originally had a gender distinction on the basis that Laceyiam has some ablauting nouns which are words for animals native to Isungatsuaq - and thus unknown in PCT times - like ''kīva ''(a kind of capybara), ''linda ''(giant river otter), or ''gunta ''(marsh deer). These nouns are often either common words (like ''niyū'' "mother" or ''klut''''' '''"father") or compounds with ''lila''''' '''"person". Some of these also have irregularities (including ''niyū'' and ''lila'', probably the two most common nouns of this declension) or some cases with more possible forms. Nouns with /j/-stems are the most complicated in the whole Laceyiam language due to extensive umlaut on top of ablauting vowels.  
The fourth declension (''bäliende paiktairathāda'') is the least regular and the least common of all. It includes nouns which are a relic of the ablauting nouns, already somewhat archaic and unproductive in Proto-Cis-Tahianshima. Some linguists, however, argue that ablauting and non-ablauting nouns originally had a gender distinction on the basis that Laceyiam has some ablauting nouns which are words for animals native to Isungatsuaq - and thus unknown in PCT times - like ''kīva ''(a kind of capybara), ''linda ''(giant river otter), or ''gunta ''(marsh deer). These nouns are often either common words (like ''niyū'' "mother" or ''tyt''''' '''"father") or compounds with ''lila''''' '''"person". Some of these also have irregularities (including ''niyū'' and ''lila'', probably the two most common nouns of this declension) or some cases with more possible forms. Nouns with /j/-stems are the most complicated in the whole Laceyiam language due to extensive umlaut on top of ablauting vowels.  


These words generally all have two syllables, where the first one's vowel is the ablauting one and the latter one is an open syllable which ends in ''-a''; /j/-stems are generally trisyllabic, ending in ''-eya''; there are however some polysyllabic words, which either ablaut the first vowel (e.g. ''kimeda'' (a type of panther)) or the penultimate (e.g. ''havtnamila ''(office/ministry of the Inquisition)).
These words generally all have two syllables, where the first one's vowel is the ablauting one and the latter one is an open syllable which ends in ''-a''; /j/-stems are generally trisyllabic, ending in ''-eya''; there are however some polysyllabic words, which either ablaut the first vowel (e.g. ''kimeda'' (a type of panther)) or the penultimate (e.g. ''havtnamila ''(office/ministry of the Inquisition)).
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|m'''a'''ð'''iė'''
|m'''a'''ð'''iė'''
|
|
|'''klut'''
|'''gunta'''
|kl'''a'''t'''iė'''
|g'''a'''nt'''iė'''
|-
|-
|Ergative
|Ergative
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|m'''o'''ð'''iss'''
|m'''o'''ð'''iss'''
|
|
|klut'''ass'''
|gunt'''ass'''
|kl'''iu'''t'''iss'''
|g'''iu'''nt'''iss'''
|-
|-
|Accusative
|Accusative
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|m'''ė'''ð'''au'''
|m'''ė'''ð'''au'''
|
|
|klut'''au'''
|gunt'''au'''
|kl'''ā'''t'''au'''
|g'''ā'''nt'''au'''
|-
|-
|Genitive
|Genitive
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|m'''au'''ð'''ė'''
|m'''au'''ð'''ė'''
|
|
|kl'''ā'''t'''i'''
|g'''ā'''nt'''i'''
|kl'''au'''t'''ė'''
|g'''au'''nt'''ė'''
|-
|-
|Instrumental
|Instrumental
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|m'''a'''ð'''ū'''
|m'''a'''ð'''ū'''
|
|
|klut'''ū'''
|gunt'''ū'''
|kl'''a'''t'''ū'''
|g'''a'''nt'''ū'''
|-
|-
|Comitative
|Comitative
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|m'''ė'''ð'''nam'''
|m'''ė'''ð'''nam'''
|
|
|klut'''anam'''
|gunt'''anam'''
|kl'''ā'''t'''nam'''
|g'''ā'''nt'''nam'''
|-
|-
|Dative
|Dative
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|m'''o'''ð'''ið'''
|m'''o'''ð'''ið'''
|
|
|klut'''að'''
|gunt'''að'''
|kl'''iu'''t'''ið'''
|g'''iu'''nt'''ið'''
|-
|-
|Ablative
|Ablative
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|m'''a'''ð'''nie'''
|m'''a'''ð'''nie'''
|
|
|klut'''ų'''
|gunt'''ų'''
|kl'''a'''t'''nie'''
|g'''a'''nt'''nie'''
|-
|-
|Locative
|Locative
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|m'''au'''ð'''ilym'''
|m'''au'''ð'''ilym'''
|
|
|klut'''ie'''
|gunt'''ie'''
|kl'''au'''t'''ilym'''
|g'''au'''nt'''ilym'''
|-
|-
|Substitutive
|Substitutive
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|m'''ė'''ð'''umian'''
|m'''ė'''ð'''umian'''
|
|
|klut'''amian'''
|gunt'''amian'''
|kl'''ā'''t'''umian'''
|g'''ā'''nt'''umian'''
|-
|-
|Abessive
|Abessive
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|m'''ė'''ð'''utiak'''
|m'''ė'''ð'''utiak'''
|
|
|klut'''atiak'''
|gunt'''atiak'''
|kl'''ā'''t'''utiak'''
|g'''ā'''nt'''utiak'''
|}
|}
{| class="article-table"
{| class="article-table"
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