Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Line 1,490: | Line 1,490: | ||
| 9 || '''moja''' || mojendes || mojmūh || mojihaicė || lāmoja || mojendvāṭ | | 9 || '''moja''' || mojendes || mojmūh || mojihaicė || lāmoja || mojendvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! ᘔ | ||
| 10 || '''tålda''' || tåldendes || tåldamūh || tåldihaicė || lātålda || tåldendvāṭ | | 10 || '''tålda''' || tåldendes || tåldamūh || tåldihaicė || lātålda || tåldendvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Ɛ | ||
| 11 || '''vælden''' || vældindes || vældemūh || vældihaicė || lāvælden || vældindvāṭ | | 11 || '''vælden''' || vældindes || vældemūh || vældihaicė || lāvælden || vældindvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 1,526: | Line 1,526: | ||
| 21 || '''māmimoja''' || māmimojendes || māmimojmūh || māmimojihaicė || lāmāmimoja || māmimojendvāṭ | | 21 || '''māmimoja''' || māmimojendes || māmimojmūh || māmimojihaicė || lāmāmimoja || māmimojendvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! 1ᘔ | ||
| 22 || '''māmitålda''' || māmitåldendes || māmitåldamūh || māmitåldihaicė || lāmāmitålda || māmitåldendvāṭ | | 22 || '''māmitålda''' || māmitåldendes || māmitåldamūh || māmitåldihaicė || lāmāmitålda || māmitåldendvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! 1Ɛ | ||
| 23 || '''māmivælden''' || māmivældindes || māmivældemūh || māmivældihaicė || lāmāmivælden || māmivældindvāṭ | | 23 || '''māmivælden''' || māmivældindes || māmivældemūh || māmivældihaicė || lāmāmivælden || māmivældindvāṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 1,537: | Line 1,537: | ||
Numbers from 20<sub>12</sub> above are simply made by compounding teens and units with the appropriate saṃdhi changes, like 21<sub>12</sub> <small>(25<sub>10</sub>)</small> ''hælьmāmileil'' (-um, -a), and then ''hælьmāmidani'' (-īm, īh), ''hælьmāmipāmvi'' (-m, -eh), and so on. Note that other compounds with 6 use -tulūʔa and not -vælka as in 16<sub>12</sub>.<br/> | Numbers from 20<sub>12</sub> above are simply made by compounding teens and units with the appropriate saṃdhi changes, like 21<sub>12</sub> <small>(25<sub>10</sub>)</small> ''hælьmāmileil'' (-um, -a), and then ''hælьmāmidani'' (-īm, īh), ''hælьmāmipāmvi'' (-m, -eh), and so on. Note that other compounds with 6 use -tulūʔa and not -vælka as in 16<sub>12</sub>.<br/> | ||
The other teens are: '''30''' <small>(36<sub>10</sub>)</small> pāmvimāmei, '''40''' <small>(48<sub>10</sub>)</small> yårṣmāmei, '''50''' <small>(60<sub>10</sub>)</small> fūlmāmei, '''60''' <small>(72<sub>10</sub>)</small> vælknihæla, '''70''' <small>(84<sub>10</sub>)</small> māmyāvælka (regionally ''chīcæmāmei'', particularly in the East), '''80''' <small>(96<sub>10</sub>)</small> tītimāmei, '''90''' <small>(108<sub>10</sub>)</small> mojemāmei, ''' | The other teens are: '''30''' <small>(36<sub>10</sub>)</small> pāmvimāmei, '''40''' <small>(48<sub>10</sub>)</small> yårṣmāmei, '''50''' <small>(60<sub>10</sub>)</small> fūlmāmei, '''60''' <small>(72<sub>10</sub>)</small> vælknihæla, '''70''' <small>(84<sub>10</sub>)</small> māmyāvælka (regionally ''chīcæmāmei'', particularly in the East), '''80''' <small>(96<sub>10</sub>)</small> tītimāmei, '''90''' <small>(108<sub>10</sub>)</small> mojemāmei, '''ᘔ0''' <small>(120<sub>10</sub>)</small> tåldimāmei, '''Ɛ0''' <small>(132<sub>10</sub>)</small> māmimīram, and '''100''' nihæla.<br/> | ||
The apparent irregularities in the words for 60<sub>12</sub>, 70<sub>12</sub>, and | The apparent irregularities in the words for 60<sub>12</sub>, 70<sub>12</sub>, and Ɛ0<sub>12</sub> are explained by etymology: vælka is the reflex of PLB *wewənko, which meant “half”, thus ''vælknihæla'' is “half hundred” and ''māmyāvælka'' is “twelve on half”; ''māmimīram'' is literally “twelve [less] from ahead”. | ||
Numbers from 100<sub>12</sub> to | Numbers from 100<sub>12</sub> to ƐƐƐ<sub>12</sub> are still compounds, e.g. nihælaleil, nihæladani, and so on. Note that 160<sub>12</sub> is most commonly nihæltulūʔa, but the more literary form nihælvælka may still be heard.<br/> | ||
The other hundreds are '''200''' <small>(288<sub>10</sub>)</small> daninihæla, '''300''' <small>(432<sub>10</sub>)</small> pāmvinihæla, '''400''' <small>(576<sub>10</sub>)</small> yårṣṇihæla, '''500''' <small>(720<sub>10</sub>)</small> furḍṇihæla, '''600''' <small>(864<sub>10</sub>)</small> tulūnihæla, '''700''' <small>(1008<sub>10</sub>)</small> chīcænihæla, '''800''' <small>(1152<sub>10</sub>)</small> tītinihæla, '''900''' <small>(1296<sub>10</sub>)</small> mojanihæla, ''' | The other hundreds are '''200''' <small>(288<sub>10</sub>)</small> daninihæla, '''300''' <small>(432<sub>10</sub>)</small> pāmvinihæla, '''400''' <small>(576<sub>10</sub>)</small> yårṣṇihæla, '''500''' <small>(720<sub>10</sub>)</small> furḍṇihæla, '''600''' <small>(864<sub>10</sub>)</small> tulūnihæla, '''700''' <small>(1008<sub>10</sub>)</small> chīcænihæla, '''800''' <small>(1152<sub>10</sub>)</small> tītinihæla, '''900''' <small>(1296<sub>10</sub>)</small> mojanihæla, '''ᘔ00''' <small>(1440<sub>10</sub>)</small> tåldanihæla, '''Ɛ00''' <small>(1584<sub>10</sub>)</small> vældenihæla.<br/> | ||
'''1.000''' <small>(1728<sub>10</sub>)</small> is ''tildhā'' and numbers above are separate words, without saṃdhi, e.g. '''6. | '''1.000''' <small>(1728<sub>10</sub>)</small> is ''tildhā'' and numbers above are separate words, without saṃdhi, e.g. '''6.2ᘔ9''' <small>(10785<sub>10</sub>)</small> ''tulūʔa tildhā daninihælatåldimāmimoja''.<br/> | ||
Note that 2.000<sub>12</sub> may be either one of ''tildhādi'', ''danīh tildhā'', or (only emphatically) ''danīh tildhādi''. As ''tildhā'' is a parrot gender noun, 3.000<sub>12</sub> and 4.000<sub>12</sub> are respectively ''pāmveh tildhā'' and ''yårṣeh tildhā''. | Note that 2.000<sub>12</sub> may be either one of ''tildhādi'', ''danīh tildhā'', or (only emphatically) ''danīh tildhādi''. As ''tildhā'' is a parrot gender noun, 3.000<sub>12</sub> and 4.000<sub>12</sub> are respectively ''pāmveh tildhā'' and ''yårṣeh tildhā''. | ||
The other divisions - numbers over | The other divisions - numbers over ƐƐ.ƐƐƐ<sub>12</sub> are based on groups of two digits: the two most commonly used ones in common speech are '''1.00.000''' <small>(248.832<sub>10</sub>)</small> - a ''raicė'' - and '''1.00.00.000''' <small>(35.831.808<sub>10</sub>)</small> - a ''lallaraicė''. | ||
The next two groups have their separate words, but are quantities rarely used in common speech: '''1.00.00.00.000''' <small>(5.159.780.352<sub>10</sub>)</small> is a ''taiskaucis'' and '''1.00.00.00.00.000''' <small>(743.008.370.688<sub>10</sub>)</small> a ''lallataiskaucis''. | The next two groups have their separate words, but are quantities rarely used in common speech: '''1.00.00.00.000''' <small>(5.159.780.352<sub>10</sub>)</small> is a ''taiskaucis'' and '''1.00.00.00.00.000''' <small>(743.008.370.688<sub>10</sub>)</small> a ''lallataiskaucis''. | ||
Their non-cardinal forms are all regular, with ''-endes'' (''-indes'' after ''-m'' or for | Their non-cardinal forms are all regular, with ''-endes'' (''-indes'' after ''-m'' or for Ɛ<sub>12</sub>) for ordinals, ''-mūh'' for collectives, ''-haicė'' for distributives, ''lā-'' for adverbials/multiplicatives, and ''-endvāṭ/-indvāṭ'' for the fractionaries. Compounds of 1-4 retain all irregularities (suppletive forms, gender), e.g. ''hælьmāmihælinaikas'' 22<sub>12</sub>nd (26<sub>10</sub>th). | ||
=== Using numerals === | === Using numerals === | ||