Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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* five of them express '''evidentiality''', namely: certainty (also '''energetic mood'''), deduction, dream, specifically invented situation, and hearsay (also '''inferential mood'''); | * five of them express '''evidentiality''', namely: certainty (also '''energetic mood'''), deduction, dream, specifically invented situation, and hearsay (also '''inferential mood'''); | ||
* two '''consequential moods''': one expressing ''cause'' (e.g. “because X”), the other ''opposition'' (e.g. “although X”). | * two '''consequential moods''': one expressing ''cause'' (e.g. “because X”), the other ''opposition'' (e.g. “although X”). | ||
Chlouvānem verbs also have a '''non-finite form '''(the '''-ke''' form, called '''infinitive''' hereafter) as well as a large number of '''attributive''' and '''adverbial participles''', with forms for most voices and tenses and a distinction into '''modal adverbs''', '''homofocal gerundives''' and '''heterofocal gerundives'''. | Chlouvānem verbs also have a '''non-finite form''' (''lailehūkas daradhūs'') (the '''-ke''' form, called '''infinitive''' hereafter) as well as a large number of '''attributive''' and '''adverbial participles''' (''maihaleniausis daradhūs'' and ''khladaradhausis daradhūs''), with forms for most voices and tenses and a distinction into '''modal adverbs''', '''homofocal gerundives''' and '''heterofocal gerundives'''. | ||
===Verb classes and infinitive=== | ===Verb classes and infinitive=== | ||
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There are, in addition to these, a few particular verb types with either some kind of suffix added to the root in some forms, or irregular ablaut, or totally irregular (usually suppletive). The majority of verbs, anyway, is either ''thematic'' or ''thematic ablauting'', and the majority of roots end in one or two consonants. | There are, in addition to these, a few particular verb types with either some kind of suffix added to the root in some forms, or irregular ablaut, or totally irregular (usually suppletive). The majority of verbs, anyway, is either ''thematic'' or ''thematic ablauting'', and the majority of roots end in one or two consonants. | ||
The '''infinitive''' or ''ke-form'' is a non-finite form used in certain construction (like with certain verbs (e.g. ''daudike'' (to want)) or particles). It is also the citation form, and it is simple to recognize and form: | The '''infinitive''' (''lailehūkas daradhūs'') or ''ke-form'' is a non-finite form used in certain construction (like with certain verbs (e.g. ''daudike'' (to want)) or particles). It is also the citation form, and it is simple to recognize and form: | ||
* The infinitive is always based on the root, thus with either a basic-grade vowel for ablauting verbs or an unreduced sequence for inverse-ablauting ones. | * The infinitive is always based on the root, thus with either a basic-grade vowel for ablauting verbs or an unreduced sequence for inverse-ablauting ones. | ||
* Verbs in the ''thematic'' or ''ablauting root'' classes add '''-ake'''; | * Verbs in the ''thematic'' or ''ablauting root'' classes add '''-ake'''; | ||