Valthungian: Difference between revisions
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===r-stems=== | ===r-stems=== | ||
This is a small class of masculine and feminine nouns that make up some of the oldest words in the Proto-Indo-European lexicon. There are | This is a small class of masculine and feminine nouns that make up some of the oldest words in the Proto-Indo-European lexicon. There are seven extant examples of this category in Gutish (only four were attested in Gothic, though ''þjūstra'' is probably an innovation based on ''þjūtra''), all consisting of immediate family members. There is one other term related to this category, also possibly extrapolated from ''þjūtra'', which is ''ǧūtra'' ‘grandchild’; this has been reanalyzed as a neuter a-stem, but may be found with the dative plural r-stem -um instead of the neuter -am. Rather than expound on a formula to remember them, here: Just memorize them all! | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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!width=140| !!width=100| ''Nom.Sg.'' !!width=100| ''Gen.Sg.'' !!width=100| ''Dat.Sg.'' !!width=100| ''Acc.Sg.'' !!width=100| ''Nom.Pl.'' !!width=100| ''Gen.Pl.'' !!width= | !width=140| !!width=100| ''Nom.Sg.'' !!width=100| ''Gen.Sg.'' !!width=100| ''Dat.Sg.'' !!width=100| ''Acc.Sg.'' !!width=100| ''Nom.Pl.'' !!width=100| ''Gen.Pl.'' !!width=125| ''Dat.Pl.'' !!width=100| ''Acc.Pl.'' !!width=60| | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"| '''''PGmc:''''' ||align="center"| -'''ēr''' ||align="center"| -'''urz''' ||align="center"| -'''ri''' ||align="center"| -'''erų''' ||align="center"| -'''riz''' ||align="center"| -'''rǫ̂''' ||align="center"| -'''rumaz''' ||align="center"| -'''runz''' ||rowspan=4| | |align="right"| '''''PGmc:''''' ||align="center"| -'''ēr''' ||align="center"| -'''urz''' ||align="center"| -'''ri''' ||align="center"| -'''erų''' ||align="center"| -'''riz''' ||align="center"| -'''rǫ̂''' ||align="center"| -'''rumaz''' ||align="center"| -'''runz''' ||rowspan=4| | ||
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|align="right"| duhtēr - dauhtar||align="center"| dǭt'''ra''' ||align="center"| dǭt'''ris''' ||align="center"| dǭt'''ra''' ||align="center"| dǭt'''ra''' ||align="center"| dœ̄t'''ris'''* ||align="center"| dǭt'''ra''' ||align="center"| dǭt'''rum''' ||align="center"| dǭt'''runs''' ||align="left"| ''‘daughter’'' | |align="right"| duhtēr - dauhtar||align="center"| dǭt'''ra''' ||align="center"| dǭt'''ris''' ||align="center"| dǭt'''ra''' ||align="center"| dǭt'''ra''' ||align="center"| dœ̄t'''ris'''* ||align="center"| dǭt'''ra''' ||align="center"| dǭt'''rum''' ||align="center"| dǭt'''runs''' ||align="left"| ''‘daughter’'' | ||
|- | |||
|align="right"| [þeuhstēr] – [þiuhstar]||align="center"| þjūst'''ra''' ||align="center"| þjūst'''ris''' ||align="center"| þjūst'''ra''' ||align="center"| þjūst'''ra''' ||align="center"| þjūst'''ris'''* ||align="center"| þjūst'''ra''' ||align="center"| þjūst'''rum''' ||align="center"| þjūst'''runs''' ||align="left"| ''‘granddaughter’'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"| þeuhtēr – [þiuhtar]||align="center"| þjūt'''ra''' ||align="center"| þjūt'''ris''' ||align="center"| þjūt'''ra''' ||align="center"| þjūt'''ra''' ||align="center"| þjūt'''ris'''* ||align="center"| þjūt'''ra''' ||align="center"| þjūt'''rum''' ||align="center"| þjūt'''runs''' ||align="left"| ''‘grandson’'' | |align="right"| þeuhtēr – [þiuhtar]||align="center"| þjūt'''ra''' ||align="center"| þjūt'''ris''' ||align="center"| þjūt'''ra''' ||align="center"| þjūt'''ra''' ||align="center"| þjūt'''ris'''* ||align="center"| þjūt'''ra''' ||align="center"| þjūt'''rum''' ||align="center"| þjūt'''runs''' ||align="left"| ''‘grandson’'' | ||
|- | |||
|align="right"| deuhtēr – [diuhtar]||align="center"| ǧūt'''ra''' ||align="center"| ǧūt'''ris''' ||align="center"| ǧūt'''ra''' ||align="center"| ǧūt'''ra''' ||align="center"| ǧūt'''ra''' ||align="center"| ǧūt'''ra''' ||align="center"| ǧūt'''rum''', ǧūt'''ram''' ||align="center"| ǧūt'''ra''' ||align="left"| ''‘grandchild’'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||