Tigol/Proto-Tigol: Difference between revisions
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Themsaran is my first constructed language, for my conworld of Hheergrem. The grammar and syntax emits an overpowering odor of Semitic/Celtic languages. The nonconcatenative (tonal) inflection... yeah, I reckon that's Semitic too. Aesthetially it has hints of Baltic, Germanic, Celtic, Semitic, Khmer and Gyeongsang Korean. The main departure from Biblical Hebrew is that the language has been augmented with new features such as strict head-marking inflection, the applicative voice and borderline polysynthesis. So I guess it ends up a tad more like some Native American languages. | Themsaran is my first constructed language, for my conworld of Hheergrem. The grammar and syntax emits an overpowering odor of Semitic/Celtic languages. The nonconcatenative (tonal) inflection... yeah, I reckon that's Semitic too. Aesthetially it has hints of Baltic, Germanic, Celtic, Semitic, Khmer and Gyeongsang Korean. The main departure from Biblical Hebrew is that the language has been augmented with new features such as strict head-marking inflection, the applicative voice and borderline polysynthesis. So I guess it ends up a tad more like some Native American languages. | ||
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Todo: | |||
*Complete noun/verb/adjective inflection | |||
*Numerals | |||
*Add derivational morphology | |||
*More exammples | |||
*Flesh out more how syntax/obviation/inverse marking/coreferentiality interact | |||
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
The '''Themsaran language''' constitutes a [[Proto-Talsmic|separate branch]] of the [[Zachydic languages|Zachydic]] language family, along with other para-Themsaran languages which are/were spoken in the island of Tálsèm. Due to its long period of isolation and substrate influence, Themsaran is a typological and lexical outlier in its family, within which it is distinguished by its heavily head-marking inflection in both clauses and possessive NPs as well as its strongly head-initial syntax. The language possesses mixed fusional and agglutinative inflection, and nominative-accusative morphosyntax. The name of the language comes from the Themsár region, from whose dialect arose the prestige language of the island. This elevated language existed in a state of diglossia with the diverse and often mutually unintelligible vernacular "dialects". Classical Themsaran was used as a living language by the ruling class for a period spanning 600 years until its demise in the year ca. 220, and was continued to be used as an important literary, academic and religious language on the island and surrounding mainland areas. | The '''Themsaran language''' constitutes a [[Proto-Talsmic|separate branch]] of the [[Zachydic languages|Zachydic]] language family, along with other para-Themsaran languages which are/were spoken in the island of Tálsèm. Due to its long period of isolation and substrate influence, Themsaran is a typological and lexical outlier in its family, within which it is distinguished by its heavily head-marking inflection in both clauses and possessive NPs as well as its strongly head-initial syntax. The language possesses mixed fusional and agglutinative inflection, and nominative-accusative morphosyntax. The name of the language comes from the Themsár region, from whose dialect arose the prestige language of the island. This elevated language existed in a state of diglossia with the diverse and often mutually unintelligible vernacular "dialects". Classical Themsaran was used as a living language by the ruling class for a period spanning 600 years until its demise in the year ca. 220, and was continued to be used as an important literary, academic and religious language on the island and surrounding mainland areas. | ||
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===Affixal=== | ===Affixal=== | ||
====Nouns and Adjectives==== | ====Nouns and Adjectives==== | ||
*''-ber'' (''m'', 1): resultative of [verb] | |||
*''-índ-'': diminutive | *''-índ-'': diminutive | ||
*''-īd'' (''f'', 3): abstract noun | *''-īd'' (''f'', 3): abstract noun | ||
*''kī'': -less | |||
*''-m-'': originating from [noun/adjective] | *''-m-'': originating from [noun/adjective] | ||
*''-ol-'': pejorative | *''-ol-'': pejorative | ||
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*fit to be a [noun/adjective] | *fit to be a [noun/adjective] | ||
*action of [verb] | *action of [verb] | ||
*associated with [noun] | *associated with [noun] | ||
*instrument | *instrument | ||
*place | *place | ||
*-ful | *-ful | ||
*manner of [verb]ing | *manner of [verb]ing | ||
*[noun]-manship, proper way of [verb]ing/being [adjective] | *[noun]-manship, proper way of [verb]ing/being [adjective] | ||
====Verbs==== | ====Verbs==== | ||
*dynamic | *dynamic from [stative verb/adjective] | ||
* | *cause to be [adjective] | ||
*intensive | *intensive | ||
*iterative | *iterative | ||
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*un-, dis- (intransitive) | *un-, dis- (intransitive) | ||
*un-, dis- (transitive) | *un-, dis- (transitive) | ||
*intransitivizer (not productive) | |||
*transitivizer (not productive) | |||
===Compounding=== | ===Compounding=== | ||