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Kēlen: Difference between revisions
→Noun phrase
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: '''ānen''' This is used to associate two nouns that are not in a relationship. It can also be used as an instrumentative marker. | : '''ānen''' This is used to associate two nouns that are not in a relationship. It can also be used as an instrumentative marker. | ||
: '''sū''', '''rū''', '''rā''' These are all locative phrase markers | : '''sū''', '''rū''', '''rā''' These are all locative phrase markers | ||
;λi | |||
The '''λi'''- prefix is used as a status marker when referring to personal names. It primarily occurs when the name is in the topic position. It can occur in front of any name that speaker wishes to show respect for. | |||
:'''sele lewēra λi-mālren;''' | |||
:SE+1p.sg.ben N.1p(name) LI Mālren | |||
:'I am called Mālren.' | |||
:'''ōrra ñamma λi ānenānte maλāta ā λi xējelke;''' | |||
:PAST NI+3p.sg.a LI Ānenānte N.an.sg(killed) A LI Xējelke | |||
:'Xējelke killed Ānenānte.' | |||
:'''tō jāo sete sawēra λi waxāon tō ōrra ñamma anwaxāon antaxōni tēna sū āke ā λi ārōn;''' | |||
:CONJ SE+3p.pc.ben N.1p(name) LI Confusion CONJ PAST NI+3p.sg.a N.st(confusion) N.co(language) MOD(all) PREP PN(there) A LI Lord | |||
:'Thus their name is Confusion, for the Lord made confusion of all languages there.' | |||
;jē | |||
'''jē''' is used for associating an animate noun with another animate noun. It inflects for person as follows: | |||
{| | |||
|- | |||
|'''maxāna jē liēn''' ||'my friend' | |||
|- | |||
|'''maxāna jē riēn'''|| 'your friend' | |||
|- | |||
|'''maxāna jē sāen''' ||'his/her friend' | |||
|- | |||
|'''maxāna jē sāim''' ||'their friend' | |||
|- | |||
|'''maxāna jē maxāna''' || 'a friend's friend' | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
This particular associative relationship can be abbreviated using the set of reduced pronouns: | |||
{| | |||
|- | |||
|'''maxāna jē liēn ||→ ''maxāna jē le ||→ '''''maxān-ēle''' | |||
|- | |||
|'''maxāna jē riēn ||→ ''maxāna jē ri ||→ '''''maxān-ēri''' | |||
|- | |||
|'''maxāna jē sāen ||→ ''maxāna jē ma ||→ '''''maxān-ēma''' | |||
|- | |||
|'''maxāna jē sāim ||→ ''maxāna jē ma ||→ '''''sāim maxān-ēma''' | |||
|- | |||
|'''maxāna jē maxāna || → ''maxāna maxān-ēma ||''' | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
Note that the word order changes with the use of an abbreviated form and a redundant modifying noun phrase. | |||
'''jē''' can also be used to associate an animate with a proper-name location, as in '''makerāon''' '''jē sarāpa''' 'ruler of Sarāpa'. | |||
===Sentence phrase=== | ===Sentence phrase=== | ||