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Thumaca has no mutation; instead, formerly feminine nouns often begin in an aspirated consonant. (cf. Eevo) | Thumaca has no mutation; instead, formerly feminine nouns often begin in an aspirated consonant. (cf. Eevo) | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns only have two states (absolute and construct) and two numbers (singular and plural). The construct | Nouns only have two states (absolute and construct) and two numbers (singular and plural). The usual affixes are: | ||
*plural absolute: ''-r'' or ''-er'' | |||
*singular construct: ''-eth'' | |||
*plural construct: ''-eph'' | |||
e.g. ''cıther'' 'flower', ''cıthrer'' 'flowers'; ''chıfna'' 'woman', '' | e.g. ''cıther'' 'flower', ''cıthrer'' 'flowers'; ''chıfna'' 'woman', ''chıfnar'' 'women'. | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== |
Revision as of 04:41, 22 February 2018
Thumaca (ṭhumaca /ʈʰumaka/) is a minority Tigolic language, inspired by Hindi and Romani. It is notable for its relatively conservative verb system.
Phonology
Consonants
- c g ch ng /k g kʰ ŋ/
- t d th n /t d tʰ n/
- ṭ ḍ ṭh ṇ /ʈ ɖ ʈʰ ɳ/
- p b ph m /p b pʰ m/
- f fh s sh (ṣ) (ś) h /f fʰ s sʰ ʂ ɕ h/
- r l y /r l j/
Vowels
i ı u ė e a o /i ɨ u e ə a o/
Morphology
Mutations
Thumaca has no mutation; instead, formerly feminine nouns often begin in an aspirated consonant. (cf. Eevo)
Nouns
Nouns only have two states (absolute and construct) and two numbers (singular and plural). The usual affixes are:
- plural absolute: -r or -er
- singular construct: -eth
- plural construct: -eph
e.g. cıther 'flower', cıthrer 'flowers'; chıfna 'woman', chıfnar 'women'.
Verbs
Tumacan verbs have two tenses (nonpast and past) and two aspects (imperfective and perfective). The imperfective-perfective distinction is characterized by allomorphy inherited from Old Eevo. As in Slavic languages, the perfective form is often derived by adding a prefix, which causes the verb to take the conjunct form. Most Tumacan verbs thus have two principal parts: imperfective and perfective.
An example of the aspect allomorphy: bongi 'to tell (imperfective)', sipngi 'to tell (perfective)'.
The old subject/TAM suffixes have been lost and tense is marked by prefixes.