User:IlL/Spare pages 1/45: Difference between revisions

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only Nouns are capitalized; first Words in Sentences are not.
only Nouns are capitalized; first Words in Sentences are not.
capital ɉ is Ɉ


===Consonants===
===Consonants===

Revision as of 06:32, 18 March 2018

User:IlL/Spare pages 1/45/Lexicon
User:IlL/Spare pages 1/45/Swadesh list
IlL/Spare pages 1/45
Wiob-Nkahn
Pronunciation[/wiob ᵑgaːn/]
Created byIlL
SettingVerse:Tricin
Wiobic
  • IlL/Spare pages 1/45
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

IlL/Spare pages 1/45 (Wiobem-Nkahn or colloquially Wiob-Nkahn) is one of the major languages of Bjeheond. It is loosely inspired by Old High German, Old English and Khmer. It's a relative of Tsjoen.

Numbers: ßoz, klie, skah, moj, fah, ies, nteht, nuot, ngaht, ziu

ma = negative

nkelei Piontels tur Bojels. = I speak of love and hate.

Idea

A "Sinospheric Finnish", or "Chinese with cases"

Phonology

Orthography

Wiobian is written in an orthography created by King Kait Niumer (modern Wiobian: Haur Niumer Kait).

only Nouns are capitalized; first Words in Sentences are not.

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Medial Velar Lab.vel. Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ nj /ɲ/ ng /ŋ/
Plosive voiceless p /p/ t /t/ z /c/ k /k/ qu /kʷ/
prenasalized mp /ᵐb/ nt /ⁿd/ nz /ᶮɟ/ nk /ᵑg/ nqu /ᵑgʷ/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ dj /ɟ/
Fricative plain f /f~v/ ß /s~z/
th /θ~ð/
s /ç~ʝ/ g /x~ɣ/ hw /ʍ/ h /h/
prenasalized mf /ᵐv/ /ⁿz/
Liquid r /r/; l /l/ rh /ɹ/
Approximant j /j/ w /w/
Notes
  • Voiceless plosives are not aspirated.
  • /ᵐb ⁿd ᶮɟ ᵑg/ devoice to [ᵐp ⁿt ᶮc ᵑk] word-finally.
  • /b d ɟ/ are often realized as implosives.
  • The fricatives ß s g are voiced intervocalically.

Vowels

IlL/Spare pages 1/45 has short and long versions of the following monophthongs (except for /ə/ which only occurs in unstressed syllables). Long vowels can be marked with a following h.

  Front Central Back
Close i /i/ ü /y/ u /u/
Close-mid e /e/ ö /ø/ o /o/
Mid (e /ə/)
Open-mid ä /ɛ/ å /ɔ/
Open a /a/

Diphthongs: ai au ei öü ou ie io iu üö uo

Prosody

Stress

Most of the time, the stress falls on the first syllable. Exceptions are verb prefixes and sesquisyllables.

Intonation

Phonotactics

The syllable structure is (C)(C)V(C)s, where V can be a vowel or a diphthong.

Morphology

Nouns

Nßäht 'tree'
Nominative Nßäht
Genitive Nßähtem
Illative Nßähter
Inessive Nßähtel
Elative Nßähtels
Allative/Dative Nßähtene
Adessive Nßähten
Ablative Nßähtens
Instrumental/Comitative Nßähtemp
Essive Nßähtez
Translative Nßähtenk
Abessive Nßähtmakk

Plurals are formed with nto, so: nto Nßäht (trees), nto Nßähtem (of trees), ...

Old IlL/Spare pages 1/45 used -er as an accusative and -el for both the illative and inessive.

Article

The equivalent of the definite article in IlL/Spare pages 1/45 is a classifier (as in Hmong), but it's placed after the noun and carries the case marker. The noun before a classifier is prescriptively in the genitive case, but it's often dropped.

  • Nßäht kothem (presc. and in older IlL/Spare pages 1/45 Nßähtem kothem) 'of the tree'
  • Nßähtem 'of a tree'

Pronouns

Pronouns
Singular Plural
1 si tahs
2 mei wäll
3 mpa (animate), mpi (inanimate) ntompa (animate), ntompi (inanimate)

Case suffixes attach to si-, tah-, mei-, and wäh- respectively: sim Mpahng = my hand; sils = from me; about me

Verbs

Verbs don't inflect.

Action nouns are formed with the suffix -(e)me, from the genitive clitic followed by an eroded form of ion (to do). For example: Leime = speaking

Ideophones

Like Japanese and Korean, Wiobian uses ideophones. Ideophones may be used both informally and formally.

  • nungnung 'enormous'
  • behdgehd 'of slow and reluctant action'
  • ntåkpdåk 'hustle and bustle; of hurrying'
  • ngolmol 'of boiling liquid'
  • quorquär 'of anxiety'
  • klah 'ta-da!'
  • jaz 'of tightness and security; of exactness'
    • e.g. jaz ska 'exactly three; just three'
  • nquäh 'vaguely, without much effort; approximately'
  • djring 'zoom, of an engine noise'

Ideophones are often used as adjectives or adverbs. Example:

Mpai tei quorquär.
this COP ~ANXIETY
This makes me feel uneasy.

Derivational morphology

  • -ed = agentive
  • be- = applicative
  • en- = passive/reflexive
  • deß- = causative

Syntax

The unmarked word order in IlL/Spare pages 1/45 is SVO. Due to the influence of Tsjoen, Modern IlL/Spare pages 1/45 is quite strict about it (though objects could be fronted for emphasis).

Serial verbs are also common in IlL/Spare pages 1/45; all verbs but the last in a serial verb chain are in the ablative.

mpa fiuntens lei. = He came and spoke.