Fargulyn languages: Difference between revisions

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| family = One of Calémere's primary language families
| family = One of Calémere's primary language families
| child1      = Karaskyr
| child1      = Karaskyr
| child2      = Balmud
| child2      = Hålvarami
| child3      = Zilmab
| child3      = Balmudic
| child4      = Polinic
| child4     = Zilmabic
| child5     = Narolic
| child5     = Polinic
| child6     = Narolic
}}
}}
The '''Fargulyn languages''' ([[Skyrdagor|Sky.]]: ''Fargulyn gjalyn''; <small>[[Chlouvānem|Chl.]]: ''pargulenyumi dhāḍai''; [[Cerian|Cer.]] ''sérošu Fárogurino''</small>) are a [[Verse:Calémere|Calémerian]] language family spoken mostly on the continent of Márusúturon.
The '''Fargulyn languages''' ([[Skyrdagor|Sky.]]: ''Fargulyn gjalyn'', literally "[our] family['s] languages"; <small>[[Chlouvānem|Chl.]]: ''pargulenyumi dhāḍai''; [[Cerian|Cer.]] ''sérošu Fárogurino''</small>) are a [[Verse:Calémere|Calémerian]] language family spoken mostly on the continent of Márusúturon.


The Fargulyn-speaking area includes most of the northeastern part of the continent, whose dominant language is by far the most spoken of the Fargulyn family, [[Skyrdagor]]. In Greater Skyrdagor, aside from Skyrdagor itself, various other Fargulyn languages (of branches not too distant from Skyrdagor) are spoken; the rest of the family is mainly spoken in the northeastern taiga - Aksalbor, Arkjatar, and parts of Askand in Greater Skyrdagor; the [[Verse:Chlouvānem Inquisition|Chlouvānem]] diocese of Kēhamijāṇa; the Union of New Égélonía; and the inhabited parts of the Lalla Kēhamyuñca. There are, furthermore, Fargulyn minorities across the northern Inquisition and a historical presence in its northeast, as well as in Qualdomailor (where the Fargulyn Urheimat is thought to have been) and in Brono. Finally, the geographical outlier is Rǣrumi, spoken by the formerly semi-nomadic Rǣrai people, historically moving through the Nīmbaṇḍhāra-Lāmberah plain, nowadays settled in the Chlouvānem diocese of Rǣrajāṇai.
The Fargulyn-speaking area includes most of the northeastern part of the continent, whose dominant language is by far the most spoken of the Fargulyn family, [[Skyrdagor]]. In Greater Skyrdagor, aside from Skyrdagor itself, various other Fargulyn languages (of branches not too distant from Skyrdagor) are spoken; the rest of the family is mostly spoken in the northeastern taiga - Aksalbor, Arkjatar, and parts of Askand in Greater Skyrdagor; the [[Verse:Chlouvānem Inquisition|Chlouvānem]] diocese of Kēhamijāṇa; the Union of New Égélonía; and the inhabited parts of the Lalla Kēhamyuñca. There are, furthermore, Fargulyn minorities across the northern Inquisition (the Hålvaram plateau) and a historical presence in its northeast, as well as in Qualdomailor (where the Fargulyn Urheimat is thought to have been) and in Brono. Finally, the geographical outlier is Rǣrumi, spoken by the formerly semi-nomadic Rǣrai people, historically moving through the Nīmbaṇḍhāra-Lāmberah plain, nowadays settled in the Chlouvānem diocese of Rǣrajāṇai.


There are five recognized sub-families of Fargulyn languages:
There are six recognized sub-families of Fargulyn languages:
* the ''Karaskyr'' branch, including the Skyrdagorian languages as well as a few scattered languages in Qualdomailor (''Keleb''), Brono (''Yumsur'' and moribund ''Kylhez''), and the northern  Inquisition (''Kareyumi'' in southern Dahelijaiṭa, ''Barājyumi'' and ''Šoltinumi'' in Saṃhayolah, and ''Lugrumi'' in Dūlāyirjaiṭa);
* the ''Karaskyr'' branch, by far the largest in area covered, number of languages and speakers, including the Skyrdagorian languages as well as a few scattered languages in Qualdomailor (''Keleb''), Brono (''Yumsur'' and moribund ''Kylhez''), and the northern  Inquisition (''Kareyumi'' in southern Dahelijaiṭa, its close relative ''Tūpasyumi'' in the hills on the border between Dahelijaiṭa and Saṃhayolah, ''Vālkurumi'' in northwestern Kayūkānaki, ''Barājyumi'' and ''Šoltinumi'' in Saṃhayolah, and ''Lugrumi'' in Dūlāyirjaiṭa);
* the ''Balmud'' branch, spoken mostly in eastern Greater Skyrdagor (notably in Cselsengeg, Byrzsysztav, and Ajversziv), also including Rǣrumi;
* the ''Hålvarami'' languages, the modern descendants of Old Hålvarami, which are the main vernaculars in the Chlouvānem dioceses of the Hålvaram plateau (save for parts of Telyegāša).
* the ''Zilmab'' branch, nowadays only surviving in central-southwestern Kēhamijāṇa and in the Komzolyn/Kamurjāram mountains on the Chlouvānem-New Égélonian border, but formerly spoken along the Embranas river (NE Inquisition) and in present-day southern New Égélonía;
* the ''Balmudic'' branch, spoken mostly in eastern Greater Skyrdagor (notably in Cselsengeg, Byrzsysztav, and Ajversziv), also including Rǣrumi;
* the ''Zilmabic'' branch, nowadays only surviving in central-southwestern Kēhamijāṇa and in the Komzolyn/Kamurjāram mountains on the Chlouvānem-New Égélonian border, but formerly spoken along the Embranas river (NE Inquisition) and in present-day southern New Égélonía;
* the ''Polinic'' branch, spoken on the coast and in the coastal ranges of New Égélonía; the pre-Chlouvānem language of Aratāram island was also likely Polinic, but the only surviving fragments can't show more than a broader Fargulyn origin;
* the ''Polinic'' branch, spoken on the coast and in the coastal ranges of New Égélonía; the pre-Chlouvānem language of Aratāram island was also likely Polinic, but the only surviving fragments can't show more than a broader Fargulyn origin;
* the ''Narolic'' branch, scattered across the northern taiga in Arkjatar, Aksalbor, Askand, Kēhamijāṇa, New Égélonía, and the Lalla Kēhamyuñca. The Narolic-speaking Oldob people of the Oldobian Gulf at the northwestern end of the Lalla Kēhamyuñca are considered the northernmost native human people of Calémere.
* the ''Narolic'' branch, scattered across the northern taiga in Arkjatar, Aksalbor, Askand, Kēhamijāṇa, New Égélonía, and the Lalla Kēhamyuñca. The Narolic-speaking Oldob people of the Oldobian Gulf at the northwestern end of the Lalla Kēhamyuñca are considered the northernmost native human people of Calémere<ref>Some Lahob peoples originating from Koitrûx had and have settlements further north on the other side of the Inner Sea, on the islands of Gurdugal, but none of the settlements that far north have ever been permanent.</ref>.


Proto-Fargulyn speakers had various contacts with both Proto-Samaidulic and [[Lahob languages|Proto-Lahob]] speakers, so that there are various common words – as common as "son" or "to sleep" – that have cognates in Samaidulic or Lahob languages.
Proto-Fargulyn speakers had various contacts with both Proto-Samaidulic and [[Lahob languages|Proto-Lahob]] speakers, so that there are various common words – as common as "son" or "to sleep" – that have cognates in Samaidulic or Lahob languages.
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Proto-Fargulyn !! Karaskyr !! colspan=3 | Balmud
! rowspan=2 | Proto-Fargulyn !! colspan=4 | Karaskyr !! colspan=2 | Hålvarami
|-
|-
! [[Skyrdagor]] !! Kolypen<br/><small>''(northern Blm.)''</small> !! Kigot<br/><small>''(northern Blm.)''</small> !! Rǣrumi
! [[Skyrdagor]] !! Keleb !! Yumsur !! Kareyumi !! [[Old Hålvarami]] !! modern Kayūkānakīyi
|-
|-
! *laq'ərnɒz <small>"man"</small>  
! *muɣūri <small>"house, home"</small>  
| leharn <small>[ɮɛxɒ˞n]</small> || tauro || dawran || ræ:æron
| mujgyr <small>[muɪ̯ɣɯr]</small> || muɣur <small>"building</small> || muwri <small>"land, plot"</small> || mŭir <small>"land, plot"</small> || muri || mâř
|-
|-
! *kikelwe <small>"woman"</small>  
! *ɬˤosa <small>"water"</small>  
| hjezla <small>[(c)çe͡ɛːɮa]</small> || khširē || kišrai || kixroë
| lso <small>[ɬo]</small> || shos || ɬas || łos <small>"cool"</small> || šorha || šoyra
|-
|-
! *zlapa <small>"tree"</small>  
! *qāraha <small>"mountain"</small>  
| zlab <small>[d͡ɮab]</small> || suvau || suwaw || šo:ap
| Ɂorah <small>[Ɂorax]</small> || gorkho || kara || qoraḥ || qårha || ħayra
|-
|-
! *mēq'i <small>"water"</small>  
! *ñoβūrit <small>"tree"</small>  
| mikje <small>[mic͡çe]</small> || mai || mai || mær
| nyjrt <small>[nʊɪ̯˞t]</small> || nöyri || ñowrid || nyuert || njurit || yurit
|-
|-
! *q'əwəjlak <small>"hand, five"</small>  
! *fārūɣalu <small>"family"</small>  
| hivlah <small>[xʊɪ̯ɮax]<br/>"five"</small> || vairo || wair || gojrog
| fargylva <small>[fɒ˞ɣɯɮvɑ]<br/>"family, relat || ||ive"</small> || forɣowa <small>"home"</small> || fargwa <small>"home"</small> || forivar <small>"home"</small> || fårwal || fâra
|-
|-
! *wepn <small>"to sleep"</small>  
! *tˤemoru <small>"green"</small>  
| vam <small>[vam]</small> || vau || wew || web
| tamyr <small>[tamɯr]</small> || tamor || tamru || tamor || termur || tyârum
|-
|-
! *kamɨjuq <small>"son"</small>  
! *qaθˤī <small>"red"</small>  
| humyg <small>[xumoː]</small> || khešu || kež || komžu
| Ɂajth <small>[Ɂaɪ̯θ]</small> || gay <small>"yellow"</small> || kawi || qah || qari || ħař
|-
|-
! *lekene <small>"first, front-"</small>  
! *fūtaβu <small>"sea"</small>  
| lehjyn <small>[ɮɛ͡eçɯn]</small> || tēni || deini || rešn
| fydhov <small>[fɯðoː]</small> || fidaw <small>"sky"</small> || fidaw <small>"sky"</small> || fŭtou <small>"water"</small> || futå || futa
|-
|-
! *p'əslə-sɒ́r <small>"baked thing" > "bread"</small>  
! *Ɂanwaski <small>"sun"</small>
| skyvls <small>[ɧʉ͡uɬ]</small> || fesiro || fesiw || fæsær
| navskj <small>[nɔːʃc͡ç]</small> || nush || anux || anuški || anåki || anač
|-
! *qāximu <small>"eye"</small>
| Ɂojm <small>[Ɂɔɪ̯m]</small> || gokhin || kaymu || qoḥm || qåjm || ħâym
|-
! *dārxaqa <small>"people"</small>
| dogor <small>[doːr]</small> || dogro || daxara || doḥra || tålwaq || tauða
|-
! *ayn <small>"one"</small>
| oj <small>[ɔɪ̯]</small> || ein || eñ || ein || en || ân
|-
! *sˤexa <small>"two"</small>
| szuj <small>[suɪ̯]</small> || sükho || šia || šŭi'a || sirja || šâř
|-
! *bawuk <small>"three"</small>
| buvk <small>[buːk]</small> || buk || bug || buk || poək || pūk
|-
! *Ɂūraʃ <small>"four"</small>  
| ryjes <small>[rʊɪ̯ʃ]</small> || iresh || irx || ŭrš || oəra || ūr
|}
|}


[[Category:Language families]]
[[Category:Language families]]
[[Category:Calémere]]
[[Category:Calémere]]

Revision as of 15:28, 31 August 2019

Fargulyn
Created by–
Geographic
distribution		Northeastern Márusúturon
Linguistic classificationOne of Calémere's primary language families
Proto-languageProto-Fargulyn
Subdivisions
  • Karaskyr
  • Hålvarami
  • Balmudic
  • Zilmabic
  • Polinic
  • Narolic

The Fargulyn languages (Sky.: Fargulyn gjalyn, literally "[our] family['s] languages"; Chl.: pargulenyumi dhāḍai; Cer. sérošu Fárogurino) are a Calémerian language family spoken mostly on the continent of Márusúturon.

The Fargulyn-speaking area includes most of the northeastern part of the continent, whose dominant language is by far the most spoken of the Fargulyn family, Skyrdagor. In Greater Skyrdagor, aside from Skyrdagor itself, various other Fargulyn languages (of branches not too distant from Skyrdagor) are spoken; the rest of the family is mostly spoken in the northeastern taiga - Aksalbor, Arkjatar, and parts of Askand in Greater Skyrdagor; the Chlouvānem diocese of Kēhamijāṇa; the Union of New Égélonía; and the inhabited parts of the Lalla Kēhamyuñca. There are, furthermore, Fargulyn minorities across the northern Inquisition (the Hålvaram plateau) and a historical presence in its northeast, as well as in Qualdomailor (where the Fargulyn Urheimat is thought to have been) and in Brono. Finally, the geographical outlier is Rǣrumi, spoken by the formerly semi-nomadic Rǣrai people, historically moving through the Nīmbaṇḍhāra-Lāmberah plain, nowadays settled in the Chlouvānem diocese of Rǣrajāṇai.

There are six recognized sub-families of Fargulyn languages:

  • the Karaskyr branch, by far the largest in area covered, number of languages and speakers, including the Skyrdagorian languages as well as a few scattered languages in Qualdomailor (Keleb), Brono (Yumsur and moribund Kylhez), and the northern Inquisition (Kareyumi in southern Dahelijaiṭa, its close relative Tūpasyumi in the hills on the border between Dahelijaiṭa and Saṃhayolah, Vālkurumi in northwestern Kayūkānaki, Barājyumi and Šoltinumi in Saṃhayolah, and Lugrumi in Dūlāyirjaiṭa);
  • the Hålvarami languages, the modern descendants of Old Hålvarami, which are the main vernaculars in the Chlouvānem dioceses of the Hålvaram plateau (save for parts of Telyegāša).
  • the Balmudic branch, spoken mostly in eastern Greater Skyrdagor (notably in Cselsengeg, Byrzsysztav, and Ajversziv), also including Rǣrumi;
  • the Zilmabic branch, nowadays only surviving in central-southwestern Kēhamijāṇa and in the Komzolyn/Kamurjāram mountains on the Chlouvānem-New Égélonian border, but formerly spoken along the Embranas river (NE Inquisition) and in present-day southern New Égélonía;
  • the Polinic branch, spoken on the coast and in the coastal ranges of New Égélonía; the pre-Chlouvānem language of Aratāram island was also likely Polinic, but the only surviving fragments can't show more than a broader Fargulyn origin;
  • the Narolic branch, scattered across the northern taiga in Arkjatar, Aksalbor, Askand, Kēhamijāṇa, New Égélonía, and the Lalla Kēhamyuñca. The Narolic-speaking Oldob people of the Oldobian Gulf at the northwestern end of the Lalla Kēhamyuñca are considered the northernmost native human people of Calémere[1].

Proto-Fargulyn speakers had various contacts with both Proto-Samaidulic and Proto-Lahob speakers, so that there are various common words – as common as "son" or "to sleep" – that have cognates in Samaidulic or Lahob languages.

Vocabulary

Proto-Fargulyn Karaskyr Hålvarami
Skyrdagor Keleb Yumsur Kareyumi Old Hålvarami modern Kayūkānakīyi
*muɣūri "house, home" mujgyr [muɪ̯ɣɯr] muɣur "building muwri "land, plot" mŭir "land, plot" muri mâř
*ɬˤosa "water" lso [ɬo] shos ɬas łos "cool" šorha šoyra
*qāraha "mountain" Ɂorah [Ɂorax] gorkho kara qoraḥ qårha ħayra
*ñoβūrit "tree" nyjrt [nʊɪ̯˞t] nöyri ñowrid nyuert njurit yurit
*fārūɣalu "family" fargylva [fɒ˞ɣɯɮvɑ]
"family, relat		 ive" forɣowa "home" fargwa "home" forivar "home" fårwal fâra
*tˤemoru "green" tamyr [tamɯr] tamor tamru tamor termur tyârum
*qaθˤī "red" Ɂajth [Ɂaɪ̯θ] gay "yellow" kawi qah qari ħař
*fūtaβu "sea" fydhov [fɯðoː] fidaw "sky" fidaw "sky" fŭtou "water" futå futa
*Ɂanwaski "sun" navskj [nɔːʃc͡ç] nush anux anuški anåki anač
*qāximu "eye" Ɂojm [Ɂɔɪ̯m] gokhin kaymu qoḥm qåjm ħâym
*dārxaqa "people" dogor [doːr] dogro daxara doḥra tålwaq tauða
*ayn "one" oj [ɔɪ̯] ein eñ ein en ân
*sˤexa "two" szuj [suɪ̯] sükho šia šŭi'a sirja šâř
*bawuk "three" buvk [buːk] buk bug buk poək pūk
*Ɂūraʃ "four" ryjes [rʊɪ̯ʃ] iresh irx ŭrš oəra ūr
  1. ^ Some Lahob peoples originating from Koitrûx had and have settlements further north on the other side of the Inner Sea, on the islands of Gurdugal, but none of the settlements that far north have ever been permanent.
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