Eighth edition lekma

Phonology

• graphs are listed below.

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Retroflex	Alveolo-palatal	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Epiglottal	Glottal
Nasal	m m			n n		ɳ nr		ɲ nh	ŋ un,-nn
Plosive	p b ff,b rb			t d t,d rd					k g k-,c rc				ʔ kk
Affricate				t͡s tz		ʈ͡ʂ tr	t͡ɕ th
Fricative		f f	θ cz	s s		ʂ sr	ɕ sh			χ -k			ɦ hh
Approximant		ʋ v						j i-
Trill										ʀ hr
Flap or tap				ɾ -r,-rr-
Lateral app.				l l				ʎ lh

Vowels

	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
Close	i y i ü				ɯ u û u
Close-mid	e ø e ö				o o
Open-mid					ʌ ô
Near-open			ɐ â
Open			ä a

Morpheme/Particle of nouns

	like the agent of a transitive verb	like the subject of an intransitive verb	direct/indirect object of a verb	possessive	plural	plural genetive	Word
*ac/ɐk/	nac	sac	ac	acs	acen/äːgen/	acens/äːgens/	I
*üe/yː/	nü	sü	üe	ües	üen	üens	You
*hhan/ɦɐn/	annaé	ansaé	hhan	ans	anen/ɦɐnen/	anens/ɦɐnens/	S/he
-

• hhan takes of the normal noun declension.

Morpheme/Particle of verbs

	present predicational form of verb/repeatable	processing predicational adjective form of verb	incomplete predicational adjective form of verb	compelete predicational adjective form of verb	Word
*sel	ser	seinde	set	seínt	be
*bal	bar	balinde	bat	baínt	have
-