Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 04:07, 3 June 2019

It is a constructed language of an art type, namely leukma (/ʝøxmä/). the lexicon is primarily sized Germanic words.

Phoneme inventory: Consonant	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m ‹m›		n ‹n›			ŋ ‹h›
Plosive	p ‹b›		t ‹t›, d *a rhotic consonant ‹d›			k ‹c›		ʔ ‹n/a›, ‹x›
Affricate			t͡s ‹z›	ʈ͡ʂ ‹tr›, ‹dr›
Fricative		f ‹f›	s ‹s›	ʂ ‹sk›		x ‹k›		ɦ ‹n/a›
Trill							ʀ ‹r› *word initial
Approximant		ʋ ‹v›			ʝ ‹l›			ɐ ‹r› *word final

Phoneme inventory: Vowel	Front		Central		Back
Close	i <ie>	ɪ <i>, y <iu>	ɐi̯ <ei>	u̯o <uo>, <va>	ɯ <ui>	u <ou>
Mid-open	e <e>, <ä>	ø <eu>	ɐ <e>	ɐu̯ <au>	ɤ	o <o>
Open			a, ɐ <a>

structure is roughly, who/what does/has/is doing-something to where by what a theme.
adnoun formation is adnoun+e+noun. adverb formation is adverb+o+verb, where the most rightside element is to be modified.

derivation of a word. ex. /xäit/ to call, 
keiten nominal verb or finite verb -en. keito adverb -o. keitno coverb -no. keite adnoun -e(/ɐ/). keit noun -zeromorpheme. keitca ergative noun -c(-ca) keits suject noun -s(-sa) keitz dative noun -z(-zui) keitta accusative noun -ta.

± ↑recent, ↓dated.

  A conlang, autonym Lekmae \ˈɥexmä\ is an aid for experimenting any grammatical features, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, half of the lexicon are adoptation of low Germanic languages. Making this miniature is that to learn about languages.

Content: nouns(nominal of intransitives), adjective nouns(nominal of adjectives/adverbs), demonstrative nouns, verbal nouns(nominal of monotransitives), coverbal nouns(have characteristics for the category), enclitic nouns.

Demontratives have plural forms, characteristics for the category, express those kinds, ergative, objective, subjective, dative, comitative, that near to the speaker, that away from the speaker, first person, second person. Enclitics have variations for a word, distinguish those kinds, nominal, adjectival, plural, present, habitual, subjunctive, processive, perfective.

(currently, it is Luècae \ˈɥuu̯kä\ or lekma version 9.4)

  Syntactics
Type: SVO-Topic. Every single word is a morpheme, right branching of a clause, left element modifies that in right. Adjectifier is a zeromorpheme. Nouns with enclitics or VO phrases, are indicative moods.
Word formation: (+coverb) noun (+adjectifier) (+demonstrative) (+enclitic) (+verb) noun (+enclitic) (+adjectifier).

  Writings
A real life setting is that letters except q w p g j y is used. u is added as /ŋ/. a i u are consonants in certain circumstances.
(optional, uses J instead of I, Y for V)

  Grapheme inventory

Consonants	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	mam(m, b)		nan,nan(n~ɲ, l~d)			uâu(ŋ)
Plosive	bab(b~p)		dad(d~t)			cac(k~ɡ)		aâe,aâe(ʔ, n/a)
Affricate			zae(d͡z~t͡s)	tât(ʈ͡ʂ~t͡ʃ)
Fricative		fâf(f)	sas(s~ɕ)	xax(ʂ~ç)		kak(x~χ, k)		hah(ɦ~n/a)
Trill							rae(ʀ~r)
Approximant		vàe(ʋ)			iáe(ʝ)			aar(ë~ɐ̯~n/a)
Semivowel		aàe,aaè(u̯)	lal,uáe(ɥ, l)		aáe,aaé(i̯)

Vowels	Front		Central		Back
	unrounded	rounded	unrounded	rounded	unrounded	rounded
Close	aie(i)	aüe(y)	aêi,aíe(ëi̯)	aòe(u̯o)	aui,aîe(ɯɨ~ɨ)	aue(u)
Mid-open	aee,eäe(e)	aöe,aeû(ø)		aêu,aùe(ëu̯)	aao,aôe(ʌ)	aoe(o)
Open			aae(ä)

  Phonotactics
CV(V)C.
Tone slightly rises initially for beginning of a phrase.

  Made text
of it is what
Narca fuî Sèdnan.
\ˈnä.ëɡä fɯɨ ˈsu̯ednän\
nac-har fuî sèd-nan
1-be member.of swed-ish

of this is what
Famsendocleâ.
\fämsendokˈɥe.ä\
fam sendoc lehhar
fruits 3.place of.be

Naciórneûrs a Lekmae Neîdoc.
\näkʝoneu̯s ʔä ɥexmä nei̯dok\
naciór neû -ser aae- Lekmae neîdoc
rom lang -be ?- Lekmae  be.not.3
is Lekmae a romlang? no, it's not.

of who does what
kainimdaues doc.
/--/
kai nim daues doc
they eat some.of 3

  Lexics
/--/

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+ It is a constructed language of an art type, namely leukma (/ʝøxmä/). the lexicon is primarily sized Germanic words.
+{| |
+! |<small>Phoneme inventory: Consonant</small>
+! |<small>Bilabial</small>
+! |<small>Labio-dental</small>
+! |<small>Alveolar</small>
+! |<small>Retroflex</small>
+! |<small>Palatal</small>
+! |<small>Velar</small>
+! |<small>Uvular</small>
+! |<small>Glottal</small>
+|-
+! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Nasal</small>
+| m ‹m› ||  || n ‹n› ||  ||  || ŋ ‹h› ||  ||
+|-
+! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Plosive</small>
+| p ‹b› ||  || t ‹t›, d *a rhotic consonant ‹d› ||  ||  || k ‹c› ||  || ʔ ‹n/a›, ‹x›
+|-
+! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Affricate</small>
+|  ||  || t͡s ‹z› || ʈ͡ʂ ‹tr›, ‹dr› ||  ||  ||  ||
+|-
+! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Fricative</small>
+|  || f ‹f› || s ‹s› || ʂ ‹sk› ||  || x ‹k› ||  || ɦ ‹n/a›
+|-
+! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Trill</small>
+|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ʀ ‹r› *word initial ||
+|-
+! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Approximant</small>
+|  || ʋ ‹v› ||  ||  || ʝ ‹l› ||  ||  || ɐ ‹r› *word final
+|-
+|}
+{| |
+! colspan="1" |<small>Phoneme inventory: Vowel</small>
+! colspan="2" |<small>Front</small>
+! colspan="2" |<small>Central</small>
+! colspan="2" |<small>Back</small>
+|-
+! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Close</small>
+| i <ie> || ɪ <nowiki><i></nowiki>, y <iu> || ɐi̯ <ei> || u̯o <uo>, <va> || ɯ <ui> || u <ou>
+|-
+! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Mid-open</small>
+| e <e>, <ä> || ø <eu> || ɐ <e> || ɐu̯ <au> || ɤ <u> || o <o>
+|-
+! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Open</small>
+|  ||  || a, ɐ <a> ||  ||  ||
+|}
+ structure is roughly, who/what does/has/is doing-something to where by what a theme.
+ adnoun formation is adnoun+e+noun. adverb formation is adverb+o+verb, where the most rightside element is to be modified.
+ derivation of a word. ex. /xäit/ to call,
+ keiten nominal verb or finite verb -en. keito adverb -o. keitno coverb -no. keite adnoun -e(/ɐ/). keit noun -zeromorpheme. keitca ergative noun -c(-ca) keits suject noun -s(-sa) keitz dative noun -z(-zui) keitta accusative noun -ta.
+{{trans-top|↑recent, ↓dated.}}
     A conlang, autonym Lekmae \ˈɥexmä\ is an aid for experimenting any grammatical features, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, half of the lexicon are adoptation of low Germanic languages. Making this miniature is that to learn about languages.
- (currently, it is Luècae \ˈɥuu̯kä\ or lekma version 9.4)
   Content: {{green|n}}ouns(nominal of intransitives), {{green|a}}djective nouns(nominal of adjectives/adverbs), {{green|d}}emonstrative nouns, {{green|v}}erbal nouns(nominal of monotransitives), {{green|c}}overbal nouns(have characteristics for the category), {{green|e}}nclitic nouns.
   Demontratives have plural forms, characteristics for the category, express those kinds, ergative, objective, subjective, dative, comitative, that near to the speaker, that away from the speaker, first person, second person. Enclitics have variations for a word, distinguish those kinds, nominal, adjectival, plural, present, habitual, subjunctive, processive, perfective.
-{|nouns: + nouns(nomina of intransitives),  nounsnomina of language monotansitives, nouns(which have pluals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +-derid particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +encliticsthe turn nun t full nouns:demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plual), adjectial suix: a,ä.ha/ɦä/,/e/ s/s, veal suffix: hen/en/(motion in nce), hel/ɦel/, had/ɦät/(subjunctive dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/ŋen/.
+{|nouns: + nouns(nomina of intransitives),  nounsnomina of language monotansitives, nouns(which have pluals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +-derid particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +encliticsthe turn nun t full nouns:demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plual), adjectial suix: a,ä.ha/ɦä/,/e/ s/s, veal suffix: hen/en/(motion in nce), hel/ɦel/, had/ɦät/(subjunctive dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/ŋen/. siuc en svensc? Are ou swedish? - neaca svensca. I am swedish.
+ (currently, it is Luècae \ˈɥuu̯kä\ or lekma version 9.4)
 |}
 {| an object ight bafter  ba nun eeds no suffx nor partcle. an object befoe the  motion in once a suppot of an objectial icle.|}
@@ Line 117: / Line 176: @@
   they eat some.of 3
-{|* 1: ʋɐk /uac* you (singular): 2ʋyː /uue* he: ɦäŋ /han* we:  /uacen* you (plural): ʋyːen /uuen* they: ɦiä /hia* this : tog,ɦiä /toc,hia* that: àe,kosa /hae,cos* hee: tocma /tcm* there: kkaema /aem* who: hhia,lhia /lia* what: kva /kva* where: kvime /kvm* when: kvatzuí /kvn* how: kvamuí /kvi* not: né /nei* all: àen /aen* many: àens /aens* some: de àen /duiaen* few: làes /leas* other: né daes /neidae* one: éna,ená,ésa,esá /ina,isa* two: tzue /dva* three: mal /mal* fou: cut /cut* five: unal /hal* big: lhens* long: naelhens* wide: daesbala* thick: bala* heavy: né fie /neifias* small: nal* short: kul* narrow: tis /tsm* thin: kadtis* woman: lhúa /lua* man (adult male): lhúa /lua* man (human being): hhan/lhúo /luo* child: tisluo* mother: mâma /mam* father: dâda /dad* animal: tissor d tis* fish: fisker* bird: tofie  snake: lam* worm: hhom /orm* tree /bim* forest: bsk* stick: baunel /uncertain* fruit: fam /flm* seed: fam /sem* leaf: hhüo /lif* root: lád /lad* flower: uncertain /lili* grass: ladlil* rope: sinn /uncertain* skin: bäl /* meat: salk /slk* blood: salk* bone: lám * fat (noun): bét /fat* egg: ais* horn: kol /krn* tail: lámen /lam* feather: fie /fli* hair: tetr /khr* head: uncertain /cab* ear: olhen /orh* eye: ain /oin* nose: nis* mouth: uncertain /lif* tooth: tzann /fnc* tongue (organ): tzann /zau* fingernail: tzann /fau* foot: uncertain /bam* leg: uncertain /bam* knee: baim* hand: tec /tek* wing: fiem /fli* belly: mac* guts: mac * neck: nec* back: tzüc /ruc* breast: bec /fec* heart: kel /kor* liver: kel* to drink: sifel /drk* to eat: nem /nhm* to bite: tzaunel /tnf* to suck: sifel * to spit: nemel* to vomit: tue dae nems* to blow: bolel * to breathe: nesel /* to laugh: hrak /rch* to see: vis /ver* to hear: sanhel /oir* to know: caän* to think: canel /dik* to smell: nesel /uncertain* to fear: bai* to sleep: bei /slf* to live: súmel* to die: né súmel /meisumel* to kill: sral * to fight: sral /uncertain* to hunt: sral* to hit: láb /lfn* to cut: kul* to split: tuinde kut,tua tzues /dval* to stab: binn * to scratch: skilel* to dig: binn /nem* to swim: uncertain /sìm* to fly: uncertain /fei* to walk: salkel* to come: hhim /clm* to lie (as in a bed): lob* to sit: sidel /set* to stand: hrec /tnd* to turn (intransitive): silkel* to fall: feiel /fei* to give: duo* to hold: hrantel* to squeeze: tzecal* to rub: vask * to wash: vasker* to wipe: vaskel /vsk* to pull: tec* to push: tec,ffon* to throw: tue toc náe* to tie: ticel /bnd* to sew: ffinticel* to count: teltzif* to say: seu* to sing: séunel /seu* to play: bil /sfl* to float: lom /flt* to flow: ae /flt* to freeze: íelel /iel* to swell: rcol /uncertain* sun: hrá /uncertain* moon: daehrá /mun* star: lucz /trl* water: súm /sumi* rain: lein /rcn* river: léne /len* lake: léne /len* sea: léneen /len* salt: saltee* stone: shè /stn* sand: sahr /snd* dust:: thi /nulmaf* cloud: küt /sku* fog: küt /foc* sky: séo /sulmaf* wind: fendas /vnd* snow: nívas /snu* ice: íelen nter; "|uac/ʋɐk/| sac/sɐk/| nac/nɐk/| uac/ʋɐk/[ʔɐk]|uacs/ʔäks/|sacen/säːgen/,ncen/näːgen/,uacen/ʔäːgen/| uacens/ʔäːgens/| I! s uue/ʋyː/| sue/syː/| nue/nyː/| uue/ʋyː/[ʔyː]| uues/ʋyːs/[ʔyːs]| suen/syːen/,ʋuen/ʔyːen/| uuens/ʔyːens/| |hia/ɦiä/| sia hia/ɦiä/|hians/ɦiäns/| hey (singular)lue|verb root}}indicative form}}subjunctive : the motion is completed sel/sel/| ser/sel/| seat/seɦät/| sad/säːt/| selnd/selindɐ/| selnt/selint/| be! st bal/bäl/| bar/bäl/| aat/päɦät/| bad/päːt/| alnd/pälindɐ| balnt/pälint/| have! |tel/tel/| ter/tel/| teat/teɦät/| tad/täːt/| telnd/telindɐ/| telnt/telint/| hang,aiseféu /feo* fire: féu /feo* ash: daeféu* to burn: tocféu tue /feol* road: vei /vec* mountain: uncertain /mon* red: hrot /rod* :  /crn* yellow: col /clb* white: hát /vit black: dal /blc* night: dal /nkt* day: dis /dac* year: iálen /zuames* warm: nôk /vrm* cold: íels /chl* full: buk /ful* new: bil* old: né bil* good: hhim /bim* bad: né hhim* rotten: tocel nae* dirty: mud* straight: bim* round: kadbal* sharp (as a knife): dis * dull (as a knife): dos smooth:: suːmmɯi /summui* dry: sekal /sek* correct: bim* near: tocmas* far: naema* right: hris /lkt* left: chol /lnk* at: ʈ͡ʂɯi /zuiin:
+{|* 1: ʋɐk /uac* you (singular): 2ʋyː /uue* he: ɦäŋ /han* we:  /uacen* you (plural): ʋyːen /uuen* they: ɦiä /hia* this : tog,ɦiä /toc,hia* that: àe,kosa /hae,cos* hee: tocma /tcm* there: kkaema /aem* who: hhia,lhia /lia* what: kva /kva* where: kvime /kvm* when: kvatzuí /kvn* how: kvamuí /kvi* not: né /nei* all: àen /aen* many: àens /aens* some: de àen /duiaen* few: làes /leas* other: né daes /neidae* one: éna,ená,ésa,esá /ina,isa* two: tzue /dva* three: mal /mal* fou: cut /cut* five: unal /hal* big: lhens* long: naelhens* wide: daesbala* thick: bala* heavy: né fie /neifias* small: nal* short: kul* narrow: tis /tsm* thin: kadtis* woman: lhúa /lua* man (adult male): lhúa /lua* man (human being): hhan/lhúo /luo* child: tisluo* mother: mâma /mam* father: dâda /dad* animal: tissor d tis* fish: fisker* bird: tofie  snake: lam* worm: hhom /orm* tree /bim* forest: bsk* stick: baunel /uncertain* fruit: fam /flm* seed: fam /sem* leaf: hhüo /lif* root: lád /lad* flower: uncertain /lili* grass: ladlil* rope: sinn /uncertain* skin: bäl /* meat: salk /slk* blood: salk* bone: lám * fat (noun): bét /fat* egg: ais* horn: kol /krn* tail: lámen /lam* feather: fie /fli* hair: tetr /khr* head: uncertain /cab* ear: olhen /orh* eye: ain /oin* nose: nis* mouth: uncertain /lif* tooth: tzann /fnc* tongue (organ): tzann /zau* fingernail: tzann /fau* foot: uncertain /bam* leg: uncertain /bam* knee: baim* hand: tec /tek* wing: fiem /fli* belly: mac* guts: mac * neck: nec* back: tzüc /ruc* breast: bec /fec* heart: kel /kor* liver: kel* to drink: sifel /drk* to eat: nem /nhm* to bite: tzaunel /tnf* to suck: sifel * to spit: nemel* to vomit: tue dae nems* to blow: bolel * to breathe: nesel /* to laugh: hrak /rch* to see: vis /ver* to hear: sanhel /oir* to know: caän* to think: canel /dik* to smell: nesel /uncertain* to fear: bai* to sleep: bei /slf* to live: súmel* to die: né súmel /meisumel* to kill: sral * to fight: sral /uncertain* to hunt: sral* to hit: láb /lfn* to cut: kul* to split: tuinde kut,tua tzues /dval* to stab: binn * to scratch: skilel* to dig: binn /nem* to swim: uncertain /sìm* to fly: uncertain /fei* to walk: salkel* to come: hhim /clm* to lie (as in a bed): lob* to sit: sidel /set* to stand: hrec /tnd* to turn (intransitive): silkel* to fall: feiel /fei* to give: duo* to hold: hrantel* to squeeze: tzecal* to rub: vask * to wash: vasker* to wipe: vaskel /vsk* to pull: tec* to push: tec,ffon* to throw: tue toc náe* to tie: ticel /bnd* to sew: ffinticel* to count: teltzif* to say: seu* to sing: séunel /seu* to play: bil /sfl* to float: lom /flt* to flow: ae /flt* to freeze: íelel /iel* to swell: rcol /uncertain* sun: hrá /uncertain* moon: daehrá /mun* star: lucz /trl* water: súm /sumi* rain: lein /rcn* river: léne /len* lake: léne /len* sea: léneen /len* salt: saltee* stone: shè /stn* sand: sahr /snd* dust:: thi /nulmaf* cloud: küt /sku* fog: küt /foc* sky: séo /sulmaf* wind: fendas /vnd* snow: nívas /snu* ice: íelen nter; "|uac/ʋɐk/| sac/sɐk/| nac/nɐk/| uac/ʋɐk/[ʔɐk]|uacs/ʔäks/|sacen/säːgen/,ncen/näːgen/,uacen/ʔäːgen/| uacens/ʔäːgens/| I! s uue/ʋyː/| sue/syː/| nue/nyː/| uue/ʋyː/[ʔyː]| uues/ʋyːs/[ʔyːs]| suen/syːen/,ʋuen/ʔyːen/| uuens/ʔyːens/| |hia/ɦiä/| sia hia/ɦiä/|hians/ɦiäns/| hey (singular)lue|verb root}}indicative form}}subjunctive : the motion is completed sel/sel/| ser/sel/| seat/seɦät/| sad/säːt/| selnd/selindɐ/| selnt/selint/| be! st bal/bäl/| bar/bäl/| aat/päɦät/| bad/päːt/| alnd/pälindɐ| balnt/pälint/| have! |tel/tel/| ter/tel/| teat/teɦät/| tad/täːt/| telnd/telindɐ/| telnt/telint/| hang,aiseféu /feo* fire: féu /feo* ash: daeféu* to burn: tocféu tue /feol* road: vei /vec* mountain: uncertain /mon* red: hrot /rod* :  /crn* yellow: col /clb* white: hát /vit black: dal /blc* night: dal /nkt* day: dis /dac* year: iálen /zuames* warm: nôk /vrm* cold: íels /chl* full: buk /ful* new: bil* old: né bil* good: hhim /bim* bad: né hhim* rotten: tocel nae* dirty: mud* straight: bim* round: kadbal* sharp (as a knife): dis * dull (as a knife): dos smooth:: suːmmɯi /summui* dry: sekal /sek* correct: bim* near: tocmas* far: naema* right: hris /lkt* left: chol /lnk* at: ʈ͡ʂɯi /zuiin:<nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki><br><br>
 |}
@@ Line 123: / Line 182: @@
   /--/
 {| mâm*mom mim mum mon miu mou mac miz muk mil mul maî*value mui*means máo*meow nam*to.name nac*to.1 nacmie*europant naciór*romlang nal nui*snake nuf nab nul*down nim*eat nüe*to.2 niskad nat uil*arm uih*then bim bab beb bid*house bosker*forest bah*brace diu doc*of.3 dol*fish dâd*dad dek dil* wet dui*do.what dál*draw dfl*who have wings cac cuf cal cilkec aam*aim a d aae*is.it.true.for i d aie*tsk, a cite u d aue*of.where,of.there aís*icy aal e d aee*accompanying.with o d aoe*compared.with, if den*keep deh*hang fui*made.from zil zul zah*nail zeica d zêc*sore tam tau*fang tal*string tin tax tic sel*be.by súmmi*water sul süe*you seh*be sud saf xan xul*up xai*why xei*what.who xui*how,where fam*fruits fun foù*fire kan*he.neuter kai*they. kalmêd kum kat*hands kalkee ham*singular rombar*earthen vad*what,who vie*why,how vaskae von*when,where rac*cross ril*lough len*wind lan*group lis*smile lea d lehhar*because lal*pilor lul*food léu*green iel*slope, wings ser*that.kind.|}
+{{trans-bottom}}
 [[Category:Languages]]

Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 04:07, 3 June 2019

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