Verse:Mwail/Old Gloob: Difference between revisions

Line 95:

|

| '''c''' /c/

| '''c''' /k/

|rowspan=4| '''ħ'''<br/> /ħ~ʜ~ʢ~ʡ/

| (ʔ)

Line 551:

#''šenŧǐel'' ('shunning/evading'): The downstep is never on the suffix.

#''the̋nác'' ('standing'): Every suffix, except for conjunct possessive suffixes, bear the downstep.

#''gánħāŋém'' ('~~scipping~~/tumbling'): The downstep is one mora before the boundary of the suffix in the base form, and moves to the desinence upon inflection by a definite suffix.

#''gánħāŋém'' ('skipping/tumbling'): The downstep is one mora before the boundary of the suffix in the base form, and moves to the desinence upon inflection by a definite suffix.

====Irregular nouns====

Line 705:

|

|-

!|Quality (what ~~cind~~ of)

!|Quality (what kind of)

|''ıért'' (declined like ''ímé'')

|''mért''

Line 805:

<nowiki>*</nowiki>The difference between the two words for 'here' is that of clusivity: ''mách'' means "where I am/we(exc) are or pointing" whereas ''dátè'' means "where we(inc) are".

In highly humble language (roughly equivalent to German ''Ihr''), the "near speaker" and "near hearer" demonstratives are used in epithets for 1st and 2nd person respectively in lieu of grammatical 1st or 2nd person. (e.g. ''clûdil mé'': "this humble subject", ''áchèr ħé/tīné ħî/slǐerè ħî'': Your Majesty/Highness; lit. "that ~~cing~~/hand/throne", ''dírmár/íra̋them ħé/a̋thmȉd ħî'', "that called one/sanctified one/holiness"; used to address a priest, ''mách/ħách'' generic humble language, used for locative obliques instead of 1st or 2nd person inflected prepositions)

In highly humble language (roughly equivalent to German ''Ihr''), the "near speaker" and "near hearer" demonstratives are used in epithets for 1st and 2nd person respectively in lieu of grammatical 1st or 2nd person. (e.g. ''clûdil mé'': "this humble subject", ''áchèr ħé/tīné ħî/slǐerè ħî'': Your Majesty/Highness; lit. "that king/hand/throne", ''dírmár/íra̋them ħé/a̋thmȉd ħî'', "that called one/sanctified one/holiness"; used to address a priest, ''mách/ħách'' generic humble language, used for locative obliques instead of 1st or 2nd person inflected prepositions)

===Verbs===

Verbs have elaborate but quite regular inflection. Finite verbs are marked for TAM, mirativity, voice (active and mediopassive), the subject's person, number, and gender and, if the direct object is definite, is obligatorily marked with the (usually direct) object's person, number, and gender in most TAMs, except in the imperative and the prohibitive. For example: ''Nés{{blue|ài}} zâr'' (~~cill~~-ACT.PRES.1SG cat.SG.INDEF 'I ~~cill~~ a cat') against ''Nes{{blue|āıú}} zárrȅ'' (~~cill~~-ACT.PRES.1SG{{blue|>3SG.M}} cat-SG.DEF 'I ~~cill~~ the cat'). The verb may agree with an indirect object (which is typically animate) instead of with the direct object. Object agreement is often omitted in poetry. Verbs also have several non-finite forms, used with various subordinating conjunctions and relative clauses.

Verbs have elaborate but quite regular inflection. Finite verbs are marked for TAM, mirativity, voice (active and mediopassive), the subject's person, number, and gender and, if the direct object is definite, is obligatorily marked with the (usually direct) object's person, number, and gender in most TAMs, except in the imperative and the prohibitive. For example: ''Nés{{blue|ài}} zâr'' (kill-ACT.PRES.1SG cat.SG.INDEF 'I kill a cat') against ''Nes{{blue|āıú}} zárrȅ'' (kill-ACT.PRES.1SG{{blue|>3SG.M}} cat-SG.DEF 'I kill the cat'). The verb may agree with an indirect object (which is typically animate) instead of with the direct object. Object agreement is often omitted in poetry. Verbs also have several non-finite forms, used with various subordinating conjunctions and relative clauses.

{| class="graytable lightgraybg"

Line 820:

{{gloss

|phrase = mizecheclēzittnévrīn

|IPA=/~~mìzexecleːzitːnevꜜriːn~~/

|IPA=/mìzexekleːzitːnevꜜriːn/

|morphemes = mi-<abbr title="reduplicant">RDPL[zec]</abbr>-he-clēz-iħ-tn-évrīn

|gloss = <abbr title="applicative, goal">APP.GOAL</abbr>-<abbr title="subjunctive">SBJV</abbr>-<abbr title="past imperfective">PAST.IPFV</abbr>-mix-<abbr title="inceptive">ICP</abbr>-<abbr title="applicative suffix">APP</abbr>/PAST.IPFV.<abbr title="mediopassive">PSS</abbr>.3SG.F<abbr title="subject>object">></abbr>3PL.F

Line 898:

====Conjugation====

The three conjugations of Themsaran verbs are demonstrated below respectively with the verbs ''mólî'' - 'let me ~~thanc~~', with no thematic vowel, ''nesâi'' - 'let me slay/~~cill~~ (animate subject)' with a thematic vowel ''a'', ''tacvêi'' - 'let me ~~cnow~~', with the thematic vowel ''e'' of variable length. (The citation form is the 1st person jussive). The first conjugation subsumes:

The three conjugations of Themsaran verbs are demonstrated below respectively with the verbs ''mólî'' - 'let me thank', with no thematic vowel, ''nesâi'' - 'let me slay/kill (animate subject)' with a thematic vowel ''a'', ''tacvêi'' - 'let me know', with the thematic vowel ''e'' of variable length. (The citation form is the 1st person jussive). The first conjugation subsumes:

*''ı''-stem verbs, whose ''ı-'' stays as ''ı-'' before a vowel-onset ending (except plain ''-e''), and assumes the form ''i'' otherwise;

*''ħ''-stem verbs, where the ''ħ'' assimilates into any consonant that begins an ending, and becomes ''-â'' in the 2nd person masculine singular imperative;

Line 2,284:

{{gloss

|phrase = Hezūŋasré colnosimáttmē ie Ŋirchâ né ıégléch ħēdāthénne, mežî ramlēsré né žlómalcámth canílsnuhu scőtálg zîm teizár vo nassams{{blue|ŧû}}.

|IPA=/hèzuːŋasreꜜ ~~còlnosimattꜜmeː~~ ìəŋirxaꜜa néjeglexꜜ ħèːdaːθenꜜne mèʒiꜜi ràmleːsreꜜ néʒlomalcamθꜜ ~~cànilꜜsnuhu~~ scóːtalgꜜ zíꜜim teizarꜜ vònassamst͡ʃuꜜu/

|IPA=/hèzuːŋasreꜜ kòlnosimattꜜmeː ìəŋirxaꜜa néjeglexꜜ ħèːdaːθenꜜne mèʒiꜜi ràmleːsreꜜ néʒlomalcamθꜜ kànilꜜsnuhu scóːtalgꜜ zíꜜim teizarꜜ vònassamst͡ʃuꜜu/

|morphemes = he-zūŋ-asré colnosimáttm-ē ie Ŋirch-â ne=ıégléch ħēdāth-énn-e, mežî raml-ēsré ne=žlómalc-ámth c<an>íls-nuh-Ø-u scőtálg zîm teizár vo=nassams-{{blue|ŧû}}

|gloss = IPFV-dispute-IPFV.3/4PL.M North.Wind-DEF.SG and Sun-DEF.SG COMPZ=which.one powerful-COMP-PRED.M.SG, then agree-PFV.3/4PL.M COMPZ=win.see-PASS.JUSS.3SG take.off<ACT.PTCP>-CAUS-ACT.PRES-3/4SG.M>DEF.SG.M/CONJ traveller first successfully DAT=clothing-{{blue|4SG.M>DEF.PL}}

@@ Line 95: / Line 95: @@
 |
 |
-| '''c''' /c/
+| '''c''' /k/
 |rowspan=4| '''ħ'''<br/> /ħ~ʜ~ʢ~ʡ/
 | (ʔ)
@@ Line 551: / Line 551: @@
 #''šenŧǐel'' ('shunning/evading'): The downstep is never on the suffix.
 #''the̋nác'' ('standing'): Every suffix, except for conjunct possessive suffixes, bear the downstep.
-#''gánħāŋém'' ('scipping/tumbling'): The downstep is one mora before the boundary of the suffix in the base form, and moves to the desinence upon inflection by a definite suffix.
+#''gánħāŋém'' ('skipping/tumbling'): The downstep is one mora before the boundary of the suffix in the base form, and moves to the desinence upon inflection by a definite suffix.
 ====Irregular nouns====
@@ Line 705: / Line 705: @@
 |
 |-
-!|Quality (what cind of)
+!|Quality (what kind of)
 |''ıért'' (declined like ''ímé'')
 |''mért''
@@ Line 805: / Line 805: @@
 <nowiki>*</nowiki>The difference between the two words for 'here' is that of clusivity: ''mách'' means "where I am/we(exc) are or pointing" whereas ''dátè'' means "where we(inc) are".
-In highly humble language (roughly equivalent to German ''Ihr''), the "near speaker" and "near hearer" demonstratives are used in epithets for 1st and 2nd person respectively in lieu of grammatical 1st or 2nd person. (e.g. ''clûdil mé'': "this humble subject", ''áchèr ħé/tīné ħî/slǐerè ħî'': Your Majesty/Highness; lit. "that cing/hand/throne", ''dírmár/íra̋them ħé/a̋thmȉd ħî'', "that called one/sanctified one/holiness"; used to address a priest, ''mách/ħách'' generic humble language, used for locative obliques instead of 1st or 2nd person inflected prepositions)
+In highly humble language (roughly equivalent to German ''Ihr''), the "near speaker" and "near hearer" demonstratives are used in epithets for 1st and 2nd person respectively in lieu of grammatical 1st or 2nd person. (e.g. ''clûdil mé'': "this humble subject", ''áchèr ħé/tīné ħî/slǐerè ħî'': Your Majesty/Highness; lit. "that king/hand/throne", ''dírmár/íra̋them ħé/a̋thmȉd ħî'', "that called one/sanctified one/holiness"; used to address a priest, ''mách/ħách'' generic humble language, used for locative obliques instead of 1st or 2nd person inflected prepositions)
 ===Verbs===
-Verbs have elaborate but quite regular inflection. Finite verbs are marked for TAM, mirativity, voice (active and mediopassive), the subject's person, number, and gender and, if the direct object is definite, is obligatorily marked with the (usually direct) object's person, number, and gender in most TAMs, except in the imperative and the prohibitive. For example: ''Nés{{blue|ài}} zâr'' (cill-ACT.PRES.1SG cat.SG.INDEF 'I cill a cat') against ''Nes{{blue|āıú}} zárrȅ'' (cill-ACT.PRES.1SG{{blue|>3SG.M}} cat-SG.DEF 'I cill the cat'). The verb may agree with an indirect object (which is typically animate) instead of with the direct object. Object agreement is often omitted in poetry. Verbs also have several non-finite forms, used with various subordinating conjunctions and relative clauses.
+Verbs have elaborate but quite regular inflection. Finite verbs are marked for TAM, mirativity, voice (active and mediopassive), the subject's person, number, and gender and, if the direct object is definite, is obligatorily marked with the (usually direct) object's person, number, and gender in most TAMs, except in the imperative and the prohibitive. For example: ''Nés{{blue|ài}} zâr'' (kill-ACT.PRES.1SG cat.SG.INDEF 'I kill a cat') against ''Nes{{blue|āıú}} zárrȅ'' (kill-ACT.PRES.1SG{{blue|>3SG.M}} cat-SG.DEF 'I kill the cat'). The verb may agree with an indirect object (which is typically animate) instead of with the direct object. Object agreement is often omitted in poetry. Verbs also have several non-finite forms, used with various subordinating conjunctions and relative clauses.
 {| class="graytable lightgraybg"
@@ Line 820: / Line 820: @@
 {{gloss
 |phrase = mizecheclēzittnévrīn
-|IPA=/mìzexecleːzitːnevꜜriːn/
+|IPA=/mìzexekleːzitːnevꜜriːn/
 |morphemes = mi-<abbr title="reduplicant">RDPL[zec]</abbr>-he-clēz-iħ-tn-évrīn
 |gloss = <abbr title="applicative, goal">APP.GOAL</abbr>-<abbr title="subjunctive">SBJV</abbr>-<abbr title="past imperfective">PAST.IPFV</abbr>-mix-<abbr title="inceptive">ICP</abbr>-<abbr title="applicative suffix">APP</abbr>/PAST.IPFV.<abbr title="mediopassive">PSS</abbr>.3SG.F<abbr title="subject&gt;object">></abbr>3PL.F
@@ Line 898: / Line 898: @@
 ====Conjugation====
-The three conjugations of Themsaran verbs are demonstrated below respectively with the verbs ''mólî'' - 'let me thanc', with no thematic vowel, ''nesâi'' - 'let me slay/cill (animate subject)' with a thematic vowel ''a'', ''tacvêi'' - 'let me cnow', with the thematic vowel ''e'' of variable length. (The citation form is the 1st person jussive). The first conjugation subsumes:
+The three conjugations of Themsaran verbs are demonstrated below respectively with the verbs ''mólî'' - 'let me thank', with no thematic vowel, ''nesâi'' - 'let me slay/kill (animate subject)' with a thematic vowel ''a'', ''tacvêi'' - 'let me know', with the thematic vowel ''e'' of variable length. (The citation form is the 1st person jussive). The first conjugation subsumes:
 *''ı''-stem verbs, whose ''ı-'' stays as ''ı-'' before a vowel-onset ending (except plain ''-e''), and assumes the form ''i'' otherwise;
 *''ħ''-stem verbs, where the ''ħ'' assimilates into any consonant that begins an ending, and becomes ''-â'' in the 2nd person masculine singular imperative;
@@ Line 2,284: / Line 2,284: @@
 {{gloss
 |phrase = Hezūŋasré colnosimáttmē ie Ŋirchâ né ıégléch ħēdāthénne, mežî ramlēsré né žlómalcámth canílsnuhu scőtálg zîm teizár vo nassams{{blue|ŧû}}.
-|IPA=/hèzuːŋasreꜜ còlnosimattꜜmeː ìəŋirxaꜜa néjeglexꜜ ħèːdaːθenꜜne mèʒiꜜi ràmleːsreꜜ néʒlomalcamθꜜ cànilꜜsnuhu scóːtalgꜜ zíꜜim teizarꜜ vònassamst͡ʃuꜜu/
+|IPA=/hèzuːŋasreꜜ kòlnosimattꜜmeː ìəŋirxaꜜa néjeglexꜜ ħèːdaːθenꜜne mèʒiꜜi ràmleːsreꜜ néʒlomalcamθꜜ kànilꜜsnuhu scóːtalgꜜ zíꜜim teizarꜜ vònassamst͡ʃuꜜu/
 |morphemes = he-zūŋ-asré colnosimáttm-ē ie Ŋirch-â ne=ıégléch ħēdāth-énn-e, mežî raml-ēsré ne=žlómalc-ámth c<an>íls-nuh-Ø-u scőtálg zîm teizár vo=nassams-{{blue|ŧû}}
 |gloss = IPFV-dispute-IPFV.3/4PL.M North.Wind-DEF.SG and Sun-DEF.SG COMPZ=which.one powerful-COMP-PRED.M.SG, then agree-PFV.3/4PL.M COMPZ=win.see-PASS.JUSS.3SG take.off<ACT.PTCP>-CAUS-ACT.PRES-3/4SG.M>DEF.SG.M/CONJ traveller first successfully DAT=clothing-{{blue|4SG.M>DEF.PL}}