Verse:Lõis/Thurish

Thurish /ˈθɚrɪʃ/ THER-ish (natively þawrysko, þawrysk word /θəwˈrɨsk woɖ/ or more formally þawrysk wordrad; þawrysk is cognate to Russian север 'north') is a Balto-Slavic language spoken in our Finland (its speakers are called Thurs). It evolved in a sprachbund with English and Brythonic languages. It's the most spoken Balto-Slavic language in the Unbegotten timeline. It has some non-SAE features, such as split-ergativity (conditioned by tense as in Hindi).

Thurish is a stem-Slavic language, meaning that it is descended from a dialect of early Proto-Slavic but not Common Slavic. Proto-Thurish (meaning the stage immediately after the hypothetical split from our Slavic) undergoes some palatalization early on but turns them into geminates or Greekifies them (ly > ll > ɬ etc.).

Thurish has lost the Balto-Slavic pitch accent system. Some vowel reflexes differ by accent; the PBS acute makes vowels RTR and thus has RTR-like effects on vowels (i > e, u > o, a > o in some cases). Stress is weakly final.

It is inspired by Welsh, Greek, and Hebrew.

PBS *dōra, *źemē, *waljā, *źwēris > *dōrə, *źemmē₁, *wallā, *ẑē₁rɨ > duar, jemne, wəllo, ghieră /duər, jɛmnɛ, wəɬɔ, ʀiərɨ/ "gift, earth, pleasure, animal"

dear? dêr? = tree (derwan > *dē₂r)

• dʰer-mos > dermas 'is suitable' > derm "good" (~ firmus, dharma)

Ăh worðon þawryske derm /əx wɐr'ðɔn θəwrɨs'kɛ 'dɛrɛm/ = I speak Thurish well

giwiþ = to live

TODO: Russian/Hebrew-esque vowel reduction

Phonology

Voiceless stops are aspirated; historical voiced stops may be devoiced

Declension

Warhinysko has 5 cases: nominative, accusative, oblique-ergative, genitive, and vocative. The oblique-ergative was formed from a merger of the PBS dative, instrumental and locative cases.

Thurish has lost IE grammatical gender. However, like in Slavic languages, there is an animacy distinction: the accusative case is the same as the genitive for animate nouns and the same as the nominative for inanimate nouns.

• Llawbdon mina jenos = I love my wife (animate)
• Llawbdon min wordrad = I love my language (inanimate)

o-stem declension

	wylk = wolf		guolo = head		morr /mor̥/ = sea
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
Nominative	wylk	wylke	guolo	guolos	morr	morre
Genitive	wylka	wylku	guolos	guolu	morra	morru
Accusative	wylka	wylku	guolo	guolos	morr	morre
Oblique-Ergative	wylki	wylkăn	guole	guolon	morri	morrăn
Vocative	wylky!	wylke!	guolă!	guolos!	morry!	morre!

ma-declension

	werrma = time (m.)		karma = result (m.)*
	singular	plural	singular	plural
Nominative	werrma	werrmyno	karma	karmyno
Genitive	werrmyn	werrmynu	karmyn	karmynu
Accusative	werrma	werrmyno	karma	karmyno
Oblique-Ergative	werrmyni	werrmynăn	karmyni	karmynăn
Vocative	werrma!	werrmyno!	karma!	karmyno!

(*In-universe source of the English word karma)

Pronouns

case	1sg.	2sg. (familiar)	3sg.			1pl.	2pl., polite	3pl.	refl.
			he	she	it
nom.	ăh	tu	săn	so	tăt	mus	wus	se	-
acc.	myna	twa	ja	jo	tăt	năs	wăs	jus	swa
gen.	myn, possessive min	tyw, possessive tin	ja	jos	ta	nah	wah	juh	syw, possessive sin
obl.	myni	twi	jam	je	tam	nan	wan	jun	swi

Verbs

Thurish has three different regular verb paradigms:

• -oþ verbs (merger of Lithuanian -oti, PS -ati and Lithuanian -ėti, PS -ěti; verbs that come from -ēʔtei become Greekified); e.g. jynoþ 'to know' (~ Pol. znać, Lith. žinoti); uðoþ 'to move' (~ Lith. judėti); ustêtoþ 'to result (from)' (~ Lith. tekėti)
• -iþ verbs (~ Lithuanian -yti, PS -iti); e.g. ărbiþ 'to work'; wordiþ 'to speak'
• -þ or -t verbs (~ Lithuanian -ti, PS -ti); e.g. nest, neþ- 'to carry'

agreement of the participle is with the direct object, unless the object is 1st or 2nd person in which case it's just "hymt es"

jynoþ 'to know':

• Present tense: jynon, jynoh, jyno, jynom, jynoþy, jynosaws
• Present participle: jynos (sg), jynosi (pl)
• Past participle: jynot (sg), jynote (pl)
  • Past tense: jynot es, jynote sos
• Future tense: jynos bûsu, jynos bûs, jynos bus, jynosi bûsăm, jynosi bûsy, jynosi bus
• Imperative: jynonu! (sg), jynoþnu! (pl)

llawbiþ 'to love':

• Present tense: llawbdon, llawbih, llawbi, llawbim, llawbiþy, llawbdosaws
• Present participle: llawbdos (sg), llawbdosi (pl)
• Past participle: llawbit (sg), llawbite (pl)
  • Past tense: llawbit es, llawbite saws
• Future tense: llawbdos bûsu, llawbdos bûs, llawbdos bus, llawbdosi bûsăm, llawbdosi bûsy, llawbdosi bus
• Imperative: llawbnu! (sg), llawbiþnu! (pl)

(Some -iþ verbs undergo stem changes in some forms: b p d t h g k l r m n w > bd pt ð þ þ d t ll rr mn nn j

Conjugation of beroþ 'to give birth' (irregular):

• Present tense: berăn, berăh, ber, berăm, berăþy, beras
• Past tense (suppletive, from *eḱs + imti, also split ergative): hymt es, hymte es

Sample text

UDHR

make vocab less slavic

Wyþe llawðe sy răðis sobyne i arwyne yn sne gădynaþi i 'n snăn tiestwăn. Saws se yndărote su arrumi i săwesti i saws winyne păstămpoþ nopăr inin yn dawsi broþărtwa.

/wɨˈθɛ ɬəwˈðɛ sɨ rəˈðis sobɨˈnɛ i arʊɨˈnɛ ɨn snɛ gədɨnaˈθi i‿n snən tiəstˈwən. səws sɛ ɨndərɔˈtɛ su ar̥ʊˈmi i səwɛsˈti i səws winɨˈnɛ pəstəmˈpɔθ ˈnɔpər inˈin ɨn dəwˈsi broθərˈtwa./