Gathrírn: Difference between revisions
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==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
Revision as of 20:35, 10 April 2014
| Gathrírn | |
|---|---|
| Gathrírn | |
| Pronunciation | [[Help:IPA|gaˈθɾin]] |
| Created by | – |
| Native speakers | - (2013) |
Gathrírn is an a priori language inspired by Celtic languages. As such, it features extensive vowel and consonant mutations, as well as a relatively complex inflectional system. Its phonetic system is also remarkable in having up to four varieties of one phoneme.
Background
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain | Palat. | Labial. | Gemin. | Plain | Palat. | Labial. | Gemin. | Plain | Labial. | Plain | Palat. | Labial. | Gemin. | ||||
| Nasal | Voiced | m | mʲ | mʷ | m: | n | nʷ | n: | ɲ | ŋ | |||||||
| Voiceless | m̥ | n̥ | |||||||||||||||
| Plosive | Voiced | b | bʲ | bʷ | b: | d | dʷ | d: | ɟ | g | gʷ | g: | |||||
| Voiceless | p | pʲ | pʷ | p: | t | tʷ | t: | c | k | kʷ | k: | ||||||
| Fricative | Voiced | ð | z | zʷ | ʑ | ɣ | |||||||||||
| Voiceless | f | fʲ | fʷ | f: | θ | s | sʷ | s: | ɕ | x | xʲ | h | |||||
| Approximant | Voiced | ʋ | j | ɥ | w | ||||||||||||
| Voiceless | j̊ | ʍ | |||||||||||||||
| Trill | Voiceless | r̥ | r̥ʷ | ||||||||||||||
| Flap or tap | Voiced | ɾ | ɾʲ | ɾʷ | |||||||||||||
| Lateral app. | Voiced | l | lʷ | l: | ʎ | ||||||||||||
| Voiceless | l̥ | l̥ʷ | |||||||||||||||
Vowels
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i y | u | |||
| Near-close | ʏ | ʊ | |||
| Close-mid | e ø | o | |||
| Mid | ə | ||||
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |||
| Near-open | æ | ||||
| Open | a |
Phonotactics
Orthography
Grammar
Morphology
Mutations
Consonant mutations
Similar to Cletic languages, nouns in Gathrírn undergo several types of mutations. There are six in total: fricativisation, palatalisation, labialisation, voicing, devoicing, and nasalisation or mixed type.
| Consonant-initial mutations | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unmutated | Fricativisation | Palatalisation | Labialisation | Voicing | Devoicing | Nasalisation |
| b | bh [ʋ] | bj | bw | - | bp [p] | mb [m] |
| bl | bhl [ʋl] | - | - | - | bpl [pl] | mbl [ml] |
| br | bhr [ʋɾ] | - | - | - | bpr [pɾ] | mbr [mɾ] |
| d | dh [ð] | dj [ɟ] | dw | - | dh [ð] | nd [n] |
| dr | dhr | - | - | - | dhr | - |
| dv | dhv | - | - | - | dhv | - |
| f | - | fj | fw | fv | - | nf |
| fl | - | - | - | fvl | - | - |
| g | gh [ɣ] | gj [ɟ] | gw | / | gk [k] | ng [ŋ] |
| gl | ghl | glj [ʑʎ] | / | / | gkl | ngl |
| gr | ghr | / | / | / | gkr | ngr |
| j | jw [ɥ] | / | w | / | jh [j̊] | nj |
| k | kh [x] | kj [c] | kw | kg [g] | / | kh [x] |
| kl | khl | klj [ɕʎ] | / | kgl | / | khl |
| kr | khr | / | / | kgr | / | khr |
| h | / | hj [xʲ] | hw [ʍ] | gh [ɣ] | / | kh |
| hw | / | jw [ɥ] | / | w | / | w |
| l | / | lj | lw | / | lh | / |
| m | mh [v] | mlj | mw | / | / | / |
| ml | mhl | / | / | / | / | / |
| mr | mhr | / | / | / | / | / |
| mn | mhn | mnj | / | / | / | / |
| n | / | nj | nw | / | / | / |
| p | ph [f] | pj | pw | pb [b] | / | ph [f] |
| pl | phl | / | / | pbl | / | phl |
| pr | phr | / | / | pbr | / | phr |
| r | / | rj | rw | / | rh | / |
| rh | rr [r] | rr | rhw [r̥ʷ] | rr | / | rr |
| lh | ll [l] | ll | lhw [l̥ʷ] | ll | / | ll |
| s | sh [h] | sj [ɕ] | sw | sz [z] | / | / |
| t | th [θ] | tj [c] | tw | td [d] | th [θ] | th |
| tl | thl | tlj [ɕʎ] | / | tdl | thl | thl |
| tr | thr | / | / | tdr | thr | thr |
| tv | / | / | / | tdv | tsv [sʋ] | / |
| tf | / | tjf [ɕf] | / | tfv [dʋ] | tsf [sf] | / |
| z | zh [ɣ] | zj [ʑ] | zw | / | zs [s] | / |
| w | / | jw [ɥ] | / | / | wh [ʍ] | jw [ɥ] |
| th | / | / | / | dh [ð] | / | / |
| sk | shk [xk] | skj [ɕc] | / | / | / | / |
| st | sht [xt] | stj [ɕc] | / | / | / | / |